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Policy Analysis of Thermal Power Generation in Pakistan

Vol. 7, Issue 07, PP. 255-258, July 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.707255258

ePub PDF

Abstract

Provision of affordable and environmental friendly energy is a national concern. Pakistan is not endowed sufficiently with energy resources and has to import energy resources from the gulf countries mainly from the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Energy policy has been the less researched field in Pkaistan. It is believed to be a ministerial subject with least or no input from other stakeholders like academia, industry and general populace. Under this research we have conducted a detailed survey amongst all the above mentioned stakeholders. The survey comprised of the following five aspects, that were focused in detail i.e. thermal power generation capability and suitability with refrence to Pakistani energy and climate scenarios, legislation capability and local capacity, social awareness and subsidy, energy efficiency and energy audit, industry academia collaboration. Regular policy making was started in mid 1990s. before that there has been no regular power policy and major mpart of the electric power came through the hydel power generation. Since only hydel was not enough to cater to the needs of a growing economy, injection of thermal became necessary. Afterwards i.e the first formal power policy of 1994 the power generation shifted more towards thermal power mode and by this day Pakistan has 62% of power generating from thermal power i.e. fossil fuels like oil, coal and natural gas. Pakistan is one of the most seriously affected country with climate change effects. Climate change effects and availability of power should be traded off to have a workable solution.

Author

Cite

Khalil Ullah, "Policy Analysis of Thermal Power Generation in Pakistan", International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 07, PP. 255-258, July 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.707255258.,

References

[1] M. A. Javaid, S. Hussain, Z. Arshad, Ma. Arshad, and M. Idrees, “Electrical Energy Crisis in Pakistan and Their Possible Solutions,” Int. J. Basic Appl. Sci. IJBAS-IJENS, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 5–38, 2011.

[2] “75Aceb87369D3C696Ad46C349Aaa8D5B4Ec1D7C3.Pdf.” .

[3] S. No, Government of Pakistan Notification. 2004.

[4] “Policy For Power Generation Projects Year 2002,” Policy, 2002.

[5] J. Vinanchiarachi, N ational P ower P olicy, 2013th ed., no. September. government of pakistan, 2013.

[6] muhammad adnan, “Energy crisis in Pakistan and its issues,” 2011.

[7] “world energy usage by fuel,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_consumption.

Design and Analysis of Dual Band Circular Slotted Patch Antenna at 2.45GHZ and 5.8GHZ for RFID Applications

Vol. 7, Issue 07, PP. 251-254, July 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.707251254

ePub PDF

Abstract

In this project patch antenna has been used for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. Due to the advancement in the field of wireless communications day by day, RFID is the most attractive technology being used as an identification technology and is far better than other sources of identification and tracking i.e. Bar code technology. Different frequency bands are assigned for RFID antenna. But in this project work has been made in Microwave band ranging from (2.400- 2.483) GHz and (5.7250- 5.8750) GHz due to a number of applications and due to the higher transfer rate. In order to design slotted dual band patch for RFID 2.45GHz and 5.800 Ghz applications, a 1.58 mm thicker RT/duroid-5880 is selected for substrate material having a relative permittivity and loss tangent of Ɛr=2.2 and δ=0.0009 respectively. To achieve dual band response different techniques can be adopted. First a conventional patch for 2.45GHz has been designed and then with the help of slotting techniques another frequency band was achieved that was radiating at 5.8 GHz. The dual band frequency of the antenna has been achieved by introducing the slot in the upper most layer patch with coaxial feed. The gain, efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna at (2.45 and 5.80) GHz are {6.661 dB, 89 %, 36 MHz} and {6.661 dB, 97 % and 341MHz}, respectively. The antenna can be potentially use for RFID and WLAN applications. All the simulations are carried out using CST MWS. The prototype has been fabricated to validate the results.

Author

Cite

N.A Khattak, M.I. Khattak "Design and Analysis of Dual Band Circular Slotted Patch Antenna at 2.45GHZ and 5.8GHZ for RFID Applications" International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 07, PP. 251-254, July 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.707251254.

References

S. Mangal, Y.J. Kang and H. J. Lee. "Survey on security in Internet of Things: State of the art and challenges." Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2017 19th International Conference on. IEEE, 2017.
M. Gaetano. "The art of UHF RFID antenna design: impedance matching and size-reduction techniques." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, pp. 66-79, 2008
A. Ren; C. Wu; T. Wang; B. Yao, "A novel design for UHF near-field RFID reader antenna based on traveling wave," Communication Technology (ICCT), 2010 12th IEEE International Conference on , vol., no., pp.239,242, 11-14 Nov. 2010
A.Iqbal, S.Shah, M. Amir, "Investigating Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) Performance analysis in 5G cognitive Radio Based Sensor Network (CSNs)" International Journal of Engineering Works,Vol. 4, Issue 1, PP. 5-9, Jan 2017.
Z. N. Chen Fellow IEEE;X. Qing; Member IEEE and H. L. Chung, “AUniversal UHF RFID Reader Antenna” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.57, no.5, pp.1275, 1282, 27 March 2009
C. A. Balanis Antenna Theory: analysis and design. Wiley-interscience, 2012.
E. Michael. An investigation of reduced size planer fed microstrip patch antennas. Doctoral thesis Northumbria University, 2005.
W.S. Chen, “Single-feed dual-frequency rectangular microstrip antenna with square slot,”
Researcher own contribution – May 2019.

A Fast and Efficient Absorbant BYW-01 and its Applications in Coking Plant Wastewater Treatment

Vol. 7, Issue 06, PP. 247-252, June 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.706247252

ePub PDF

Abstract

Coking plant wastewater is well-known for its excessive NH3-N and COD content, for which it is difficult to meet emission standards even by using the biological treatment process. In this paper, a fast and efficient BYW-01 was prepared and used to remove NH3-N and COD in coking plant wastewater from different biological treatment processes.Combined with the characterization of XRD, BET, FTIR, SEM etc, it was found that the abundant –OH and C=O functional groups on the surface of the mesoporous structure absorbent was beneficial to NH3-N and COD capture. The NH3-N and COD removal rate could reach about 50 %, 66 % respectively in 5 minutes. The possible adsorption mechanism was proposed.

Author

Cite

Walzli Yousaf, Yueli Wen, Bin Wang, Faraz Ahmad, Wei Huang, Tauseef Khaliq, Mudassir Habib, A Fast and Efficient Absorbant BYW-01 and its Applications in Coking Plant Wastewater Treatment, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 06, PP. 247-252, June 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.706247252

References

Micro Grid Automation with Unique Features of Power Flow Control by using SCADA

Vol. 7, Issue 06, PP. 238-246, June 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.706238246

ePub PDF

Abstract

Now a days, the load demand of the world is dramatically increasing day by day. This situation creates a big gap between the energy production and the energy consumption. The conventional energy sources are depleting globally. So it is a global phenomenon to restore the power energy and to look forward the other means of energy production. The load demand and power production gap can be reduced by Micro Grid. Micro grids is a group of localized electricity units and load that operates both in islanded mode/ autonomously or in grid connected mode. Grid connected mode is a small power generating unit that is connected with conventional grid system. Grid connected mode is a small power generating unit that is being connected with conventional grid system. Micro grid mostly utilizes the renewable sources of energy such as solar energy, wind energy, geo thermal energy and the other sources of distributed generation. While operating a power system in micro grid, the maintenance and flow of electricity is not simple task as compared to the unidirectional power flow in case of conventional grid station. Another problem is the identification of fault in power system in case of micro grids detection of fault location and its recovery is not an easy task. In this research work, I have developed a SCADA module through which fault location is detected automatically, by observing the power at different feeders and its dial recovery is done by supply the power from other nearby power generating station. This is only possible when the system has ability to operate in ring main system, but it normally operates in radial configuration.

Author

Cite

Farrukh Kamal, Naeem Arbab, "Micro Grid Automation with Unique Features of Power Flow Control by using SCADA" International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 06, PP. 238-246, June 2020 , https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.706238246.

References

[1] Michael, S., Goncalo, C., and Salman, M. Distribution energy resources and micro grid modelling.

[2] (2015). A survey of techniques for designing and managing micro grids. IEEE PES GM.

[3] (2011). DOE micro grid workshop report. IEEE.

[4] Hatziargyriou, N. (2014). Micro grids architectures and control. John Wiley and Sons (pp. 4).

[5] Salam, A. A., Mohamed, A., and Hannan, M. A. (2008). Technical challenges on micro grids. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3: 64.

Analysis of Energy Performance and Application of Wall Insulation on an Academic Building using EQUEST

Vol. 7, Issue 06, PP. 233-237, June 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.706233237

ePub PDF

Abstract

Building sector is one of the major consumers of energy produced in the country. This study was carried out to assess the energy performance of a typical academic building and to analyze the effect of energy efficiency measures on energy consumption for space cooling. EQuest software was used to model the year round energy performance. The simulation results were compared with annual metered energy usage. Moreover, a standard wall insulation was simulated in order to analyze its effect on energy saving. The results showed a considerable energy saving potential.

Author

Cite

Umair Abbas Shah, "Analysis of Energy Performance and Application of Wall Insulation on an Academic Building using E, Vol. 7, Issue 06, PP. 233-237, June 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.706233237., ,

References

[1] CEN, E.J.B.E.S.O., EN 15217, Energy performance of buildings-Methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings. 2007.

[2] Poel, B., et al., Energy performance assessment of existing dwellings. 2007. 39(4): p. 393-403.

[3] Lee, W., et al., A method to assess the energy performance of existing commercial complexes. 2003. 12(5): p. 311-327.

[4] Wang, S., et al., Quantitative energy performance assessment methods for existing buildings. 2012. 55: p. 873-888.

[5] Yan, C., et al., A simplified energy performance assessment method for existing buildings based on energy bill disaggregation. 2012. 55: p. 563-574.

[6] Baig, A.A. and A.S. Fung. A Case Study in Energy Modeling of an Energy Efficient Building with Gas Driven Absorption Heat Pump System in eQUEST. in Proceedings of the eSim Building Performance Simulation Conference, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 2016.

[7] Xiangzhao, H.Y.F.J.A.T., AFFECTION OF WINDOW-WALL RATIO ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN REGION OF HOT SUMMER AND COLD WINTER. 2001(10): p. 3.

[8] Shihuai, Z., H. Xiadong, and W.J.C.C.M.S. Xinyun, Analysis the effect of heat insulating on heating and cooling energy consumption of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone. 2006. 1: p. 26-29.

[9] NING, Y.-f., Z.-h. LIU, and G.J.J.o.H.U. CHEN, The influence of residential air conditioning load on the exterior wall heat insulation in hot summer and cold winter zone. 2006. 5.

[10] Bolattürk, A.J.A.t.e., Determination of optimum insulation thickness for building walls with respect to various fuels and climate zones in Turkey. 2006. 26(11-12): p. 1301-1309.

[11] Hasan, A.J.A.e., Optimizing insulation thickness for buildings using life cycle cost. 1999. 63(2): p. 115-124.

[12] Bakos, G.J.E. and buildings, Insulation protection studies for energy saving in residential and tertiary sector. 2000. 31(3): p. 251-259.

[13] Al-Khawaja, M.J.J.A.t.e., Determination and selecting the optimum thickness of insulation for buildings in hot countries by accounting for solar radiation. 2004. 24(17-18): p. 2601-2610.

[14] Dombaycı, Ö.A.J.B. and Environment, The environmental impact of optimum insulation thickness for external walls of buildings. 2007. 42(11): p. 3855-3859.

[15] Hirsch, C.-J.J. [cited 2019; Available from: doe2.com.

Implementation of Mobility Model for V2V Communication on LTE using NS3 and SUMO

Vol. 7, Issue 05, PP. 228-232, May 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.705228232

ePub PDF

Abstract

Ad hoc network is a type of network in which there is no center node or center entity. So, there are two type of ad hoc network MANET and VANET. MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is a type of ad hoc network in which the nodes are connecting wirelessly and have some random mobility. But VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network) are different in traditional MANET due to high mobility of nodes but the realistic vehicle can’t be traced by using random mobility model and way point mobility model. So, for this purpose SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) tool is used for vehicular mobility models and we successfully implement that model in NS3 and use a device to device feature (proximity sensor) of LTE module in NS3 for connected nodes (Vehicles) directly. And the aim of this project is to reduce the overload on infrastructural network and overhead in vehicular communication to avoid infrastructure and by connecting vehicles directly.

Author

Cite

Haseeb Jan, Mohammad Inayatullah Khan Babar, "Implementation of Mobility Model for V2V Communication on LTE using NS3 and SUMO", International journal of Engineering works, Vol. 7, Issue 05, PP. 228-232, May 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.705228232,

References

[1] Deshmukh, Rajvardhan Somraj, Tushar Singh Chouhan, and P. Vetrivelan. "VANETS Model: Vehicle-to-Vehicle, Infrastructure-to-Infrastructure and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication using NS-3." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, E-ISSN (2015): 2277-4106.

[2] HadiArbabi Michele C. Weigle (2010), Old Dominion University, Department of Computer Science Norfolk, VA 23529, USA, Highway Mobility And Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks In Ns-3, Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference IEEE.

[3] Harri, Jerome, Fethi Filali, and Christian Bonnet. "Mobility models for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey and taxonomy." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 11, no. 4 (2009).

[4] 3. J.G. Jetcheva, Y.C. Hu, S. PalChaudhuri, A.K. Saha D.B. Johnson, “Design and evaluation of a metropolitan area multitier wireless Ad-hoc network architecture,” Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, 2003. Proceedings Fifth IEEE Workshop on, vol., no., pp. 32-43, 9-10 Oct. 2003.

[5] Rupinder, Kaur, and Singh Gurpreet. "Survey of various mobility models in VANETs." International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science 3, no. 03 (2014).

[6] Feham, Mohammed & Bahidja, Boukenadil. (2015). Mobility Models for VANET simulation.

[7] Mir, Zeeshan Hameed, and Fethi Filali. "LTE and IEEE 802.11 p for vehicular networking: a performance evaluation." EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2014, no. 1 (2014): 89.

[8] Rouil, Richard, Fernando Cintrón, Aziza Ben Mosbah, and Samantha Gamboa Quintiliani. "A Long Term Evolution (LTE) device-to-device module for ns-3." In The Workshop on ns-3 (WNS3). 2016.

Causes of Delay in the Establishment of Public Sector University in Newly Merged District of KP, Pakistan

Vol. 7, Issue 05, PP. 221-227, May 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.705221227

ePub PDF

Abstract

Delays are one of the major issues in the development venture. Because of this, projects surpass projected time and cost. Retardation in the project can be reduced only when its reasons are determined and evaluated. The main focus of this research study was to determine the delaying causes in the establishment of FATA University. The study follows a quantitative approach where a well-defined questionnaire was distributed among the experts directly managing the construction project of FATA University, i.e. the consultant, the contractor, and the client for the data collection. Relative Important Index (RII) was employed in the research methodology to determine the significance of each delaying factor. Top five delaying causes in the establishment of FATA University project were recorded as (1) client having risk attitudes, (2) Lack of coordination between client, contractor, and consultant, (3) slow decision effects, (4) consultant supervisory staff size and (5) frequent changes in design documents by the consultant. The efficient management and planning of these delaying factors will positively affect the project completion time and its overall cost.

Author

Cite

Mirza Ali, Shahid Iqbal, Qaiser Iqbal, "Causes of Delay in the Establishment of Public Sector University in Newly Merged District of KP, Pakistan" International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 05, PP. 221-227, May 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.705221227., , ,

References

[1] Government of Pakistan, Planning and Development Department, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) Pakistan (Peshawar: FATA Secretariat, Warsak Road, 2009), p.vii http://fata.gov.pk/files/MICS.pdf (Accessed 17th August 2013).

[2] In pictures: Census teams go door-to-door for Pakistan first nationwide headcount in 19 years. DAWN.COM. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

[3] Social Policy and Development in Pakistan: The State of Education, Annual Review 2002-2003, Social Policy and Development Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, 2003. P.7.

[4] Alzahrani, J. I., & Emsley, M. W. (2013). The impact of contractors’ attributes on construction project success: A post construction evaluation. International journal of project management, 31(2), 313-322.

[5] Aibinu, A. A., & Odeyinka, H. A. (2006). Construction Delays and Their Causative Factors in Nigeria. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 132(7), 667–677. https://doi.org/10.1061.

[6] Santoso, D. S., & Soeng, S. (2016). Analyzing delays of road construction projects in Cambodia: Causes and effects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(6), 05016020.

[7] Awan, N. (2013). Education in FATA. Pakistan annual research journal, 49, 163-170.

[8] Assaf, S. A., & Al-Hejji, S. (2006). Causes of delay in large construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 24(4), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2005.11.010.

[9] Lo, T. Y., Fung, I. W., & Tung, K. C. (2006). Construction Delays in Hong Kong Civil Engineering Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 132(6), 636–649. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:6(636)

[10] Gunduz, M., Nielsen, Y., & Ozdemir, M. (2015). Fuzzy Assessment Model to Estimate the Probability of Delay in Turkish Construction Projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 31(4), 04014055. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000261

[11] Marzouk, M. M., & El-Rasas, T. I. (2014). Analyzing delay causes in Egyptian construction projects. Journal of advanced research, 5(1), 49-55.

[12] Al-Momani, A. H. (2000). Construction delay: a quantitative analysis. International journal of project management, 18(1), 51-59.

[13] Sambasivan, M., & Soon, Y. W. (2007). Causes and effects of delays in the Malaysian construction industry. International Journal of Project Management, 25(5), 517–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2006.11.007

[14] Hwang, B.-G., Zhao, X., & Ng, S. Y. (2013). Identifying the critical factors affecting schedule performance of public housing projects. Habitat International, 38, 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.06.008

[15] Zaneldin, E. K. (2006). Construction claims in United Arab Emirates: Types, causes, and frequency. International journal of project management, 24(5), 453-459

[16] Hussain, S., Zhu, F., Ali, Z., Danial Aslam, H., & Hussain, A. (2018). Critical delaying factors: Public sector building projects in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. 8(1), 6.

[17] Hussain, S., Zhu, F., Ali, Z., & Xu, X. (2017). Rural residents’ perception of construction project delays in Pakistan. Sustainability, 9(11), 2018.

Methodology of Material Selection for Evaporator Coil in Air Conditioning System

Vol. 7, Issue 04, PP. 217-220, April 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.704217220

ePub PDF

Abstract

The ever-growing demand of air conditioning system in commercial and household applications emphasis on long-term material’s stability. Material’s failure in air conditioning system due to temperature variance and heat flow causing reduction in cooling effect of the system. Considerable amount of heat waste in evaporator coil as a result of low thermal transitions through coils material resulting reduction in overall efficiency of the system. This paper provide a CES Granta’s design software-based approach being followed to select appropriate material for evaporator coil in air conditioning system. Cast iron, pure titanium, copper, low alloy steel, Stainless steel, and nickel-chromium alloys are the shortlisted candidate for evaporator coil based on design and functional requirements. Low alloy steel, titanium, and stainless steel are the top suitable candidate among which stainless steel shows promising attributes for evaporator coil in air conditioning system. This paper will help the researchers, engineers, and designers to better understand the methodology of selecting a stainless steel in evaporator system to control corrosion and provide high- temperature-resistance.

Author

Cite

Wiqas Alam, Aamer Ullah Khan, Abdul Shakoor, "Methodology of Material Selection for Evaporator Coil in Air Conditioning System", International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 04, PP. 217-220, April 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.704217220, ,

References

[1] Wiqas Alam Material Selection for Micro Channel Heat Exchangers for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery International Journal of Engineering Works Vol. 6 Issue 11 PP. 406-413 November 2019

[2] Zupan, Marc, Mike F. Ashby, and Norman A. Fleck. "Actuator classification and selection—the development of a database." Advanced engineering materials 4.12 (2002): 933-940

[3] Schodek, Daniel L., Paulo Ferreira, and Michael F. Ashby. Nanomaterials, nanotechnologies and design: an introduction for engineers and architects. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2009.

[4] Reddy, G. Prashant, and Navneet Gupta. "Material selection for microelectronic heat sinks: an application of the Ashby approach." Materials & Design 31.1 (2010): 113-117.

[5] Shanian, A., and O. Savadogo. "A methodological concept for material selection of highly sensitive components based on multiple criteria decision analysis." Expert Systems with Applications 36.2 (2009): 1362-1370.

[6] Sommariva, Corrado, Harry Hogg, and Keith Callister. "Cost reduction and design lifetime increase in thermal desalination plants: thermodynamic and corrosion resistance combined analysis for heat exchange tubes material selection." Desalination 158.1-3 (2003): 17-21.

[7] Sommariva, Corrado, H. Hogg, and K. Callister. "Forty-year design life: the next target Material selection and operating conditions in thermal desalination plants." Desalination 136.1-3 (2001): 169-176.

[8] Anojkumar, L., M. Ilangkumaran, and V. Sasirekha. "Comparative analysis of MCDM methods for pipe material selection in sugar industry." Expert systems with applications 41.6 (2014): 2964-2980.).

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Policy Analysis of Thermal Power Generation in Pakistan

Vol. 7, Issue 07, PP. 255-258, July 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.707255258

ePub PDF

Abstract

Author

Cite

References

[2] “75Aceb87369D3C696Ad46C349Aaa8D5B4Ec1D7C3.Pdf.” .

[3] S. No, Government of Pakistan Notification. 2004.

[4] “Policy For Power Generation Projects Year 2002,” Policy, 2002.

[5] J. Vinanchiarachi, N ational P ower P olicy, 2013th ed., no. September. government of pakistan, 2013.

[6] muhammad adnan, “Energy crisis in Pakistan and its issues,” 2011.

[7] “world energy usage by fuel,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_consumption.

Design and Analysis of Dual Band Circular Slotted Patch Antenna at 2.45GHZ and 5.8GHZ for RFID Applications

Vol. 7, Issue 07, PP. 251-254, July 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.707251254

ePub PDF

Abstract

Author

Cite

References

S. Mangal, Y.J. Kang and H. J. Lee. "Survey on security in Internet of Things: State of the art and challenges." Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2017 19th International Conference on. IEEE, 2017.
M. Gaetano. "The art of UHF RFID antenna design: impedance matching and size-reduction techniques." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, pp. 66-79, 2008
A. Ren; C. Wu; T. Wang; B. Yao, "A novel design for UHF near-field RFID reader antenna based on traveling wave," Communication Technology (ICCT), 2010 12th IEEE International Conference on , vol., no., pp.239,242, 11-14 Nov. 2010
A.Iqbal, S.Shah, M. Amir, "Investigating Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) Performance analysis in 5G cognitive Radio Based Sensor Network (CSNs)" International Journal of Engineering Works,Vol. 4, Issue 1, PP. 5-9, Jan 2017.
Z. N. Chen Fellow IEEE;X. Qing; Member IEEE and H. L. Chung, “AUniversal UHF RFID Reader Antenna” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.57, no.5, pp.1275, 1282, 27 March 2009
C. A. Balanis Antenna Theory: analysis and design. Wiley-interscience, 2012.
E. Michael. An investigation of reduced size planer fed microstrip patch antennas. Doctoral thesis Northumbria University, 2005.
W.S. Chen, “Single-feed dual-frequency rectangular microstrip antenna with square slot,”
Researcher own contribution – May 2019.