International Journal of Engineering Works

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A Survey Report on MultiiLevel-Inverter Topologies

Vol. 6, Issue 07, PP. 224-227, July 2019

Published online A Survey Report on MultiiLevel-Inverter Topologies

Abstract

Electricity demand is continuously increasing due to dependency of industrial, commercial and residential users on advance technology. To address this issue is the prime need of time. Modern trend is to harvest energy from renewable sources such as wind, PV etc, which is environmental friendly and economical comparatively. However, as Renewable-Energy- Sources (RES) are sprinkled in small scale by the nature, so usually it is difficult to get a scalable amount of energy. Furthermore, the power quality is much affected due to varying nature of these RES sources. To get maximum efficiency and reliable operation from RES, different inverter topologies are presented. This paper highlights four types of Multilevel-invertertopologies commonly used for smoother, reliable and efficient operation of renewable energy sources (RES) in medium and high power applications. These are NeutrallPoint-Clamped-(NPC) or also called Diode-Clamped MultiiLevel-Inverter(DCMLI), Flying-Capacitor(FCMLI), Cascaded-Inverterr(CMLI) and a Hybrid/ Mixed MultiiLevel-Inverter topology(HMLI/MMLI). Each topology when used with renewable energy sources has its own features with corresponding advantages and disadvantages. This review is based on controlling methodologies, Total-Harmonic-Distortion (THD), construction complexity and components need for the respective topology. Multi-level-inverter (MLI) has the advantage of extinguishing the need of passive filtering at the grid side, and hence efficiency of the grid and cost minimization can be achieved.

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Current Issue - 2019

Energy Efficient and CO2 Absorbing Concrete Material

Vol. 6, Issue 07, PP. 224-227, July 2019

Published online Energy Efficient and CO2 Absorbing Concrete Material

ePub PDF

Abstract

Concrete greater consumption in construction due to its high strength releases greenhouse gas emissions both directly and indirectly. In order to reduce the effects of global warming, this research work objective is to construct concrete that can absorb carbon dioxide without affecting strength and life span of concrete structures. Therefore to absorb CO2, Zeolite is added to cement which would help CO2 absorption from environment and hence decrease the overall CO2 content. Moreover concrete has heavy weight and has higher thermal conductivity. Efforts are made in order to make concrete lighter and energy efficient. Introducing foam material in form of polystyrene beads can decrease its density as well as make it energy efficient as its insulation properties will be enhanced. The blocks will be tested for Tension, Compression, and Thermal Insulation as well for CO2 absorption. Addition of zeolite for absorption of CO2 and EPS beads for Insulation properties is an innovative approach and helps in a cleaner and healthier environment.

Author

M Fawad Gul: Research Student, Center for Advance studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar

Qazi Sami Ullah: Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar.

Umair Khan: Research Student, Center for Advance studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar

Iftikhar Ahmed: Assistant Professor, Dept. of Energy Research Center, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.

Hayat Khan: Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar.

Cite

M Fawad Gul Qazi Sami Ullah Umair Khan Iftikhar Ahmed and Hayat Khan, Energy Efficient and CO2 Absorbing Concrete Material, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 07 PP. 224-227 July 2019, ,

References

[1] Madeleine Rubenstein, Emissions from the cement Industry, News from the Earth Institute, May 9, 2012.

[2] Ernst Worrell,Lynn Price, Nathan Martin, Chris Hendriks, and Leticia Ozawa Meida, Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Global Cement Industry, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, Vol. 26, pp 303-329, 2001.

[3] Balraj More, Pradeep Jadhav, Vicky Jadhav, Giridhar Narule, Shahid Mulani, CO2 Absorbing Concrete Block, International Journal of technology enhancements and emerging engineering research, Volume 2, pp 2347-4289.

[14] Mark G. Stewart, David V. Rosowsky, Time-dependent reliability of deteriorating reinforced concrete bridge decks, Structural Safety, Volume 20, pp 91-109, 1998.

[4] Ranjani V, Siriwardane, Ming-Shing Shen, and Edward P. Fisher, Adsorption of 2 on Zeolites at Moderate Temperatures U.S. Department of Energy, Energy & Fuels, 19 (3), pp 1153-1159, 2005.

[5] Semsettin Kılıncarslan “The effect of zeolite amount on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete” International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(13), pp. 3041-3046, 4 July, 2017.

[6] G. M. Parton and M. E. Shendy-EI-Barbaryt, Polystyrene-bead concrete properties and mix design, The International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete, Volume 4, pp 153-161, 1982.

[7] Eva Vejmelkova, Dana Konˇakova, Tereza Kulovana, Martin Keppert, Jaromir Z umar, Pavla Rovnanikova, Zbyne k Keršner, Martin Sedlmajer, Robert C erny “Engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material: Strength, toughness, durability, and hygrothermal performance” Cement & Concrete Composites Vol. 55, (2015) pp 259–267M.

[8] Meysam Najimi Meysam Najimi, Jafar Sobhani, Babak Ahmadi, Mohammad Shekarchi “An experimental study on durability properties of concrete containing zeolite as a highly reactive natural pozzolan” Construction and Building Materials Vol. 35, (2012) pp 1023–1033Marcelo Bertalmio, Luminita Vese, Guillermo Sapiro, Stanley Osher, “Simultaneous Structure and Texture Image Inpainting”, IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 12, No. 8, 2003

[9] Fereshteh Alsadat Sabet, Nicolas Ali Libre, Mohammad Shekarchi “Mechanical and durability properties of self-consolidating high performance concrete incorporating natural zeolite, silica fume and fly ash” Construction and Building Materials Vol. 44 pp 175–184 (2013).

[10] J.M. Irwan, R.M. Asyraf, N. Othman, H.B. Koh, M.M.K. Annas and Faisal S.K,The Mechanical Properties of PET Fibre Reinforced Concrete from Recycled Bottle Wastes , Advanced Materials Research Vol. 795, pp 347-351, 2013.

[11] B.D. Ikotun, S. Ekolu “Strength and durability effect of modified zeolite additive on concrete properties” Construction and Building Materials Vol. 24, (2010) pp 749–757

[12] Md Azree Othuman Mydin “Effective thermal conductivity of foam concrete of different densities” School of Housing, Building and Planning, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.

[13] Bing Chena, Juanyu Liub “Properties of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with steel fiber” Cement and Concrete Research 34 (2004) 1259–1263.

[15] Aman Mulla, Amol Shelake “Lightweight Expanded Polystyrene Beads Concrete” International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: 2321-9637) Special Issue National Conference “VishwaCon16”, 19 March 2016.

Insulated Concrete Blocks Using Plastic Waste and Steel Fibers

Vol. 6, Issue 07, PP. 221-223, July 2019

Published online Insulated Concrete Blocks Using Plastic Waste and Steel Fibers

ePub PDF

Abstract

Plastic is used in abundance due to its various beneficial properties. All forms of consumed plastic become waste and require large areas of land for storage. The low biodegradability of plastic and its presence in large quantity negatively affects the environment. Researchers have developed numerous techniques to recycle plastic. However, each technique has its own demerits. Such as use of solid plastic waste as aggregates in concrete, affects the concrete mechanical properties. Therefore, the objective of this research work is to regain concrete strength by using steel fibers in combination with PET plastic aggregates and investigate its effect on mechanical and thermal insulation properties of concrete. Different specimen were tested for compressive and tensile strength to find out the effect of plastic aggregates incorporation as fine aggregates replacement on strength of concrete. There was noticeable decrease in the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete at 20% replacement of sand by PET plastic aggregates. Steel fibers were also added to the concrete mixes which increase the strength of concrete mixes. After getting satisfactory results of mechanical properties, finally specimen were tested for thermal insulation properties. Results showed that thermal conductivity of samples decrease considerably with addition of plastic aggregates and it leads to good insulation properties of concrete.

Author

Umair Khan: Research Student, Center for Advance studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
Qazi Sami Ullah: Assistant professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan.
M.Fawad Gul: Research Student, Center for Advance studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
Iftikhar Ahmad: Assistant Professor, Dept of Energy Research Center, Comsates University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
Khawar Naveed Abbasi: Assistant professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science & Technology, Pakistan.

Cite

Umair Khan Qazi Sami Ullah M.Fawad Gul Iftikhar Ahmad and Khawar Naveed Abbasi, Insulated Concrete Blocks Using Plastic Waste and Steel Fibers, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 07 PP. 221-223 July 2019, ,

References

[1] Cordoba, L.A., Berrera, G.M., Diaz, C.B., Nunez, F.U., Yanez, A.L., 2013. Effects on mechanical properties of recycled PET in cement-based composites. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2013, 1e6

[2] Araghi, H.J., Nikbin, I.M., Reskati, S.R., Rahmani, E., Allahyari, H., 2015. An experimental investigation on the erosion resistance of concrete containing various PET particles percentages against sulfuric acid attack. Constr. Build. Mater. 77, 461e471.

[3] Naik, T.R., Singh, S.S., Huber, C.O., Brodersen, B.S., 1996. Use of post-consumer waste plastic in cement-based composites. Cem. Concr. Res. 26, 1489e1492.

[4] Kou, S.C., Lee, G., Poon, C.S., Lai, W.L., 2009. Properties of lightweight aggregate concrete prepared with PVC granules derived from scraped PVC pipes. Waste Manag. 29, 621e628.

[5] Bhogayata, A., Shah, K.D., Arora, N.K., 2013. Strength properties of concrete containing post-consumer metalized plastic wastes. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. ISSN: 2278-0181 2 (3).

[6] Asokan P, Osmani M, Price ADF. Improvement of the mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced plastic waste powder filled concrete. Constr Build Mater 2010;24:448–60

[7] Kan A, Demirbog˘a R. A novel material for lightweight concrete production. Cem Concr Compos 2009;31:489–95.

[8] Hannawi K, Kamali-Bernard S, Prince W. Physical and mechanical properties of mortars containing PET and PC waste aggregates. Waste Manage 2010;30:2312–20

[9] Bayasi Z, Zeng J. Properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete. ACI Mater J 1993;90:605–10

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[11] Mounanga P, Gbongbon W, Poullain P, Turcry P. Proportioning and characterization of lightweight concrete mixtures made with rigid polyurethane foam wastes. Cem Concr Compos 2008;30:806-14

[12] Van Krevelen, D.W., 1990. Properties of Polymers, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1990.

[13] Al-Manaseer, A.A., Dalal, T.R., 1997. Concrete containing plastic aggregates. Concrete International 19 (8), 47–52.

[14] Klein, R. Laser Welding of Plastics, 1st ed.;Wiley-VCH: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2011

Application of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) as Electrolyte in The Presence of Acetonitrile as Highly Soluble Organic Solvent And KI Iodide As Inorganic Redox Salt

Vol. 6, Issue 07, PP. 217-220, July 2019

Published online Application of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) as Electrolyte in The Presence of Acetonitrile as Highly Soluble Organic Solvent And KI Iodide As Inorganic Redox Salt

ePub PDF

Abstract

The dye sensitized solar cells technology is one of the highly efficient, low cost and easily fabricated renewable energy technology. The highly soluble PVAc was prepared by solution polymerization. The PVAc was employed as an electrolyte in third generation, Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The PVAc was characterized using SEM, XRD and conductivity measuring techniques. The prepared electrolyte behaved as gel electrolyte. SEM images shows the excellent dispersion PVAc in liquid electrolyte. The conversion efficiency achieved using gel electrolyte was 4.18%, which was comparable to liquid electrolyte with a value of 4.57%.This new technique reduces the degradation of DSCs rising from volatilization and leakage of the liquid electrolyte and endorses the commercialization process of DSSC.

Author

Shafi ur Rehman: US Pakistan Center For Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
Hizb Ullah Khan: National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar
Muhammad Khitab Ahmed: National University of Engineering & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
Rizwan Kamal: US Pakistan Center For Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar

Cite

Shafi ur Rehman Hizb Ullah Khan Muhammad Khitab Ahmed and Rizwan Kamal, Application of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) as Electrolyte in T, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 07 PP. 217-220 July 2019, , , ,

References

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Gong, J., Sumathy, K., Qiao, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2017). Review on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): Advanced techniques and research trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 234-246.
Yun, S., Freitas, J. N., Nogueira, A. F., Wang, Y., Ahmad, S., & Wang, Z. S. (2016). Dye-sensitized solar cells employing polymers. Progress in Polymer Science, 59, 1-40.
Bagher, A. M., Vahid, M. M. A., & Mohsen, M. (2015). Types of solar cells and application. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 3(5), 94-113.
Al-Alwani, M. A., Mohamad, A. B., Ludin, N. A., Kadhum, A. A. H., & Sopian, K. (2016). Dye-sensitised solar cells: Development, structure, operation principles, electron kinetics, characterisation, synthesis materials and natural photosensitisers. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, 183-213.
Lee, C. P., Li, C. T., & Ho, K. C. (2017). Use of organic materials in dye-sensitized solar cells. Materials Today.
Ye, M., Wen, X., Wang, M., Iocozzia, J., Zhang, N., Lin, C., & Lin, Z. (2015). Recent advances in dye-sensitized solar cells: from photoanodes, sensitizers and electrolytes to counter electrodes. Materials Today, 18(3), 155-162.
Kumara, N. T. R. N., Lim, A., Lim, C. M., Petra, M. I., & Ekanayake, P. (2017). Recent progress and utilization of natural pigments in dye sensitized solar cells: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 301-317.
Mehmood, U., Al-Ahmed, A., Al-Sulaiman, F. A., Malik, M. I., Shehzad, F., & Khan, A. U. H. (2017). Effect of temperature on the photovoltaic performance and stability of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 946-959.
Lee, C. P., Li, C. T., & Ho, K. C. (2017). Use of organic materials in dye-sensitized solar cells. Materials Today, 20(5), 267-283.
Yusof, S. M. M., & Yahya, W. Z. N. (2016). Binary ionic liquid electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells. Procedia engineering, 148, 100-105.
Mohamad, A. A. (2016). Absorbency and conductivity of quasi-solid-state polymer electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells: A characterization review. Journal of Power Sources, 329, 57-71.
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Fares, S. (2011). Frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity and dielectric constants of polycarbonate (Makrofol-E) film under the effects of [gamma]-radiation. Natural Science, 3(12), 1034.

Modeling and Simulation of a Novel Module for Thermoelectric Power Generation from Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Vol. 6, Issue 06, PP. 212-216, June 2019

Published online Modeling and Simulation of a Novel Module for Thermoelectric Power Generation from Solar Photovoltaic Panels

ePub PDF

Abstract

Electricity is a basic need of humans in this modern era and plays a role of a backbone in our daily life as well as in the economic growth of a country. The efficiency of a power system is very important parameter which helps in analyzing its overall performance. So due to this reason effective and efficient utilization of solar energy is very important. Heat losses occurs in solar panels which reduces power output and hence overall efficiency is decreased. These heat losses can be utilized in such a way that works as waste heat recovery system. This system uses light and heat energy of the sun. When sunlight strikes the PN Junctions of solar PV panels, photovoltaic electricity is produced. Whereas, heat of sun and heat losses in the solar panels can be utilized and temperature difference is created by different means so as to generate electricity using thermoelectric cells (TEC) which works on the principle of Seebeck effect. Electricity generated from both sources can be common pooled and feed to the load either directly or it can be stored in batteries. This makes the system more effective and efficient.

Author

Muhammad Suleman Malik: University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar
Muhammad Naeem Arbab: University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar
Bilal Mehmood: University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar
Haseeb Aman: University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar
Hayat: University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar
Pir Jalal: University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar

Cite

Muhammad Suleman Malik Muhammad Naeem Arbab Bilal Mehmood Haseeb Aman Hayat and Pir Jalal, Modeling and Simulation of a Novel Module for Thermoelectric Power Generation from Solar Photovoltaic Panels, Vol. 6 Issue 06 PP. 212-216 June 2019, International Journal of Engineering Works

References

[1] Trading Economics, "Pakistan Electricity Production," Trading Economics, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://tradingeconomics.com/pakistan/electricity-production.
[2] Ministry of Finance, "Pakistan Economic Survey 2017-2018," Ministry of Finance, Islamabad, 2017-2018.
[3] N. M. Kumar, M. S. P. Subathra and J. E. Moses, "On-Grid Solar Photovoltaic System: Components,Design Considerations, and Case Study," in 4th International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES), 2018.
[4] M. P. Monfort, S. L. Oña, D. Ribó-Pérez and S. Z. Djokic, "Modelling and Evaluating Performance of Large Off-Grid PV Systems for Water Pumping," in 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGTEurope), Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 2018.
[5] K. Alluhaybi, X. Chen and I. Batarseh, "A Grid Connected Photovoltaic
Microinverter with Integrated Battery," in IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Washington, DC, USA, 2018.
[6] D. A. Tillman, Coal-Fired Electricity and Emissions Control: Efficiency and Effectiveness, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, 2018.
[7] U. Pelay, L. Luo, Y. Fan, D. Stitou and MarkRood, "Thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 79, pp. 82-100, 2017.
[8] S. Huang and X. Xu, "A regenerative concept for thermoelectric power generation," Applied Energy, vol. 185, pp. 119-125, 1 1 2017.
[9] M. Md. Kafiul Islam, "Performance assessment and degradation analysis of solar photovoltaic technologies: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 78, pp. 554-587, 2017.
[10] M. Ibañez-Puy, J. Bermejo-Busto, C. Martín-Gómez, M. Vidaurre-Arbizu and J. Sacristán-Fernández, "Thermoelectric cooling heating unit performance under real conditions", Applied Energy, vol. 200, pp. 303-314, 2017. Available: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.020
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Pyrolysis of Chickpeas Waste and Peanut Shells for the Production of Oil and its Analysis

Vol. 6, Issue 06, PP. 208-211, June 2019

Published online Pyrolysis of Chickpeas Waste and Peanut Shells for the Production of Oil and its Analysis

ePub PDF

Abstract

Pyrolysis is one of the widely used technique among the thermal conversion processes of biomass. Biomass in the form of agricultural residues is prevalent in new renewable energy sources, especially in view of its broad potential and rich use. In this paper, the pyrolysis of chickpeas and peanut shells in laboratory-scale tubular furnace reactors is studied, which is considered to be an effective method to utilize agricultural residues in China. The effects of raw material ratio and reaction temperature on the distribution of pyrolysis products are described quantitatively, as well as some characteristics of these products produced in the tubular furnace reactor system developed in this study. The main constituents of bio-oil are categorized into three kinds including aromatic compound, carbonyl compounds and carboxyl compounds that were analyzed with 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance characterization). The maximum yield of bio-oil, about 44.80% from the peanut shell biomass, and 10.3% from the waste of chickpeas by weight was extracted, at a flow rate 10 L/min of N2 at a reaction temperature of 500°C was achieved.

Author

Najam Iqbal: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China Nanjing, China.
Ben Haoxi: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China Nanjing, China.
Zhihong Wu: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China Nanjing, China.

Cite

Najam Iqbal Ben Haoxi and Zhihong Wu, Pyrolysis of Chickpeas Waste and Peanut Shells for the Production of Oil and its Analysis, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 06 PP. 208-2011 June 2019, , , , ,

References

[1] Bridgwater, A. and G. Peacocke, Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2000. 4(1): p. 1-73.

[2] Vamvuka, D., Bio‐oil, solid and gaseous biofuels from biomass pyrolysis processes—an overview. International journal of energy research, 2011. 35(10): p. 835-862.

[3] Vamvuka, D. and E. Kakaras, Ash properties and environmental impact of various biomass and coal fuels and their blends. Fuel Processing Technology, 2011. 92(3): p. 570-581.

[4] Robinson, J., et al., Microwave pyrolysis of biomass: control of process parameters for high pyrolysis oil yields and enhanced oil quality. Energy & Fuels, 2015. 29(3): p. 1701-1709.

[5] Beneroso, D., et al., Microwave pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production: Scalable processing concepts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017. 316: p. 481-498.

[6] Wu, C., et al., Conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass under different heating rates. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014. 107: p. 276-283.

[7] Bridgwater, A.V., Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass and bioenergy, 2012. 38: p. 68-94.

[8] Bridgwater, A.V., Upgrading biomass fast pyrolysis liquids. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2012. 31(2): p. 261-268.

[9] Abas, F.Z., F.N. Ani, and Z.A. Zakaria, Microwave-assisted production of optimized pyrolysis liquid oil from oil palm fiber. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018. 182: p. 404-413.

[10] Wang, Y., et al., Production of bio-oil from agricultural waste by using a continuous fast microwave pyrolysis system. Bioresource technology, 2018. 269: p. 162-168.

[11] Aziz, S.M.A., et al., Bio-oils from microwave pyrolysis of agricultural wastes. Fuel Processing Technology, 2013. 106: p. 744-750.

[12] Sutcu, H., I. Toroglu, and S. Piskin, Structural characterization of oil component of high temperature pyrolysis tars. Energy sources, 2005. 27(6): p. 521-534.

Production of Liquid and Solid Fuel by the Technique of Microwave Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires and its Analysis

Vol. 6, Issue 06, PP. 202-207, June 2019

Published online Production of Liquid and Solid Fuel by the Technique of Microwave Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires and its Analysis

ePub PDF

Abstract

The discussion in this paper is about the possible use of microwave pyrolysis technique as an energy-capable alternative to present heating techniques in biomass waste processing and treatment for renewable energy system. The wreck tires have relevant disposal or recycling issues under environment and financial and sustainable modes. These techniques can be a challenging for manufacturing and intellectual learning researches. In this competition, pyrolysis is a latest, strong substitute to the reprocessing of useless tires, until unless it will be possible to produce value adding results. In any case, upgrades in warmth exchange innovation are fundamental to enhance the plenitude of the procedure. Here we are describing the usage of microwave radiation (MW) as one of the most beneficial heating skills for pyrolysis. Whereas, there are different techniques for the process of the waste tires in previous era, such as crushing to get crumbs and rubber powder, burning them in cement furnaces for thermal power generation, re-stepping, decomposition by chemicals Heat degradation of rubber materials. The important and valuable chemicals in commercial use are derived from oils which are obtained from pyrolysis process by subjecting the pyrolytic oils to a fraction distillation at a temperature of about 207 ° C (under atmospheric) pressure for the product of at least one commercially valuable Chemical to isolate at least one commercially valuable chemical. Some of the selected chemicals from the group, consisting of paraffin, naphenes, olefins and flavorings. Particularly valuable chemicals that can be extracted from ripe pyrolytic oils are benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene and lime dl. The distillation fraction, which boils above 204 ° C, can be used as an extension oil in the production of various rubber and plastic parts. An improved process for producing the carbon black by microwave pyrolysis (MWP) of used rubber tires is also revealed. The recovered products which have high commercial value indicates advantage over traditional, more destructive disposal methods, and it also advice the very great capability for measuring the process and feedback to the commercial as well as industrial level.

Author

Kaleemullah: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China Nanjing, China.
Ben Haoxi: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China Nanjing, China.
Zhihong Wu: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China Nanjing, China.

Cite

Kaleemullah Ben Haoxi and Zhihong, Production of Liquid and Solid Fuel by the Technique of Microwave Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires and its, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 06 PP. 202-207 June 2019, ,

References

[1] Wang, H., et al., Characterization of Bitumen Modified with Pyrolytic Carbon Black from Scrap Tires. Sustainability, 2019. 11(6): p. 1631.

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Impact of Urban Infrastructure Development on Power Loss of Solar Photovoltaic Modules

Vol. 6, Issue 06, PP. 196-201, June 2019

Published online Impact of Urban Infrastructure Development on Power Loss of Solar Photovoltaic Modules

ePub PDF

Abstract

Solar photovoltaics pose as a major technology in shifting reliance from non-renewable to renewable energy resources. Soiling is a key issue which is further escalated by dust blowing as a result of road infrastructure development in urban environments. The Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit Corridor (BRT) project provided a chance to carry out this study aimed at corelating scale of infrastructure development with heightened PV losses and formulating ways to cope with the problem. A site offering an urban topography located at a distance of 1.2 km away from the BRT route was identified. The soiling station at this site was operated for one month and the data was processed to identify the prevailing soiling loss trends. The soiling station recorded losses in excess of 20% within the first 2 weeks of operation. It was found that clouds and strong winds had no significant role in retarding the losses. However, frequent rainwater cleaning at one instant reversed the losses back to 0%. It was thus established that cleaning the modules with water on a two week basis during large scale road development works in and around urban areas could keep the losses within a bearable limit.

Author

Shah Naveed: Research Scholar, US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan.
Saddam Ali: Research Associate, US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan.
Dr.Saim Saher: Assistant Professor, US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan.

Cite

Shah Naveed Saddam Ali and Dr.Saim Saher, Impact of Urban Infrastructure Development on Power Loss of Solar Photovoltaic Modules, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 06 PP. 196-201 June 2019, , , , , , ,

References

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Chaudhry, M.A., Raza, R. and Hayat, S.A., 2009. Renewable energy technologies in Pakistan: prospects and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(6-7), pp.1657-1662.
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K. Menoufi, “Dust accumulation on the surface of Photovoltaic Panels: Introducing the Photovoltaic Soiling Index (PVSI)”, MDPI Sustainability Journal, 2017.
T. Sarver, A. Al-Qaraghuli and L. Kazmerski, "A comprehensive review of the impact of dust on the use of solar energy: History, investigations, results, literature, and mitigation approaches", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 22, pp. 698-733, 2013.
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Novel Control Technique for Control of Circulating Current in Modular Multilevel Converters

Vol. 6, Issue 06, PP. 192-195, June 2019

Published online Novel Control Technique for Control of Circulating Current in Modular Multilevel Converters

ePub PDF

Abstract

Modular multilevel converters are the prominent candidates for high voltage direct current transmission systems. They offer high flexibility, modularity and flexibility in their operation. The main problem of multilevel converters are the circulating current in the converter and arm’s voltage balancing in steady state and dynamic state. An easy and flexible control scheme is introduced in this study which eliminates the even order harmonics in the circulating current and reduces the circulating current. The model is implemented in Simulink/Matlab and the results confirm the efficiency of the proposed model. , the response of the controller is also presented in result section, which manifest its ability to control the current and eliminate the even order harmonics.

Author

Farhan Ali: US Pakistan Centre for Advance Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan.
Dr Tanvir Ahmad: US Pakistan Centre for Advance Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan.
Asif Khan: US Pakistan Centre for Advance Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan.
Saad Rashid: US Pakistan Centre for Advance Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan.

Cite

Farhan Ali Dr Tanvir Ahmad Asif Khan and Saad Rashid, Novel Control Technique for Control of Circulating Current in Modular Multilevel Converters, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 06 PP. 192-195 June 2019, , , , , , ,

References

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[8] T. G. a. U. K. M. B. S. Riar, "Model Predictive Direct Current Control of Modular MLCRs: Modeling, Analysis, and Experimental Evaluation," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 431-439, 2015.
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Energy Efficient and CO2 Absorbing Concrete Material

Vol. 6, Issue 07, PP. 224-227, July 2019

Published online Energy Efficient and CO2 Absorbing Concrete Material

ePub PDF

Abstract

Author

M Fawad Gul: Research Student, Center for Advance studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar

Qazi Sami Ullah: Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar.

Umair Khan: Research Student, Center for Advance studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar

Iftikhar Ahmed: Assistant Professor, Dept. of Energy Research Center, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.

Hayat Khan: Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar.

Cite

References

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[11] B.D. Ikotun, S. Ekolu “Strength and durability effect of modified zeolite additive on concrete properties” Construction and Building Materials Vol. 24, (2010) pp 749–757

[12] Md Azree Othuman Mydin “Effective thermal conductivity of foam concrete of different densities” School of Housing, Building and Planning, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.

[13] Bing Chena, Juanyu Liub “Properties of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with steel fiber” Cement and Concrete Research 34 (2004) 1259–1263.

Insulated Concrete Blocks Using Plastic Waste and Steel Fibers

Vol. 6, Issue 07, PP. 221-223, July 2019

Published online Insulated Concrete Blocks Using Plastic Waste and Steel Fibers

ePub PDF

Abstract

Author

Umair Khan: Research Student, Center for Advance studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
Qazi Sami Ullah: Assistant professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan.
M.Fawad Gul: Research Student, Center for Advance studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
Iftikhar Ahmad: Assistant Professor, Dept of Energy Research Center, Comsates University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
Khawar Naveed Abbasi: Assistant professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science & Technology, Pakistan.