International Journal of Engineering Works

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Analysis of Electricity from Municiple solid waste of Peshawar City by Utilized plasma Arc Gasification Technique

Published online Analysis of Electricity from Municiple solid waste of Peshawar City by Utilized plasma Arc Gasification Technique

Abstract

The utilization of the waste to energy technology was studied for Peshawar city, the data was compiled from the authentic data base of Municipal Corporation Peshawar. It includes the data from twelve different regions of Peshawar city. It is estimated that the flammable share of MSW of Peshawar city in tons will be 544.38 tons. Hence a power of 18.5 MW can be generated from MSW of Peshawar City by utilization of Plasma Arc Gasification Technique. It’s suggested that 18.5MW Power Plant will generate electricity @ 9 ₵/ KWh which is less as compare to current national average rate.

Author

WajidAli: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Pakistan.

Mohammad Asif: Department of computing and Engineering Abasyn University Peshawar Pakistan.

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References

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Current Issue - 2019

Analysis of Biogas Technology Adoption at Household Level and its Impact on Sustainable Livelihoods

Vol. 6, Issue 09, PP. 314-323, September 2019

Published online Analysis of Biogas Technology Adoption at Household Level and its Impact on Sustainable Livelihoods

ePub PDF

Abstract

The incessant depletion of world energy resources and the global environmental deterioration are a good indicator of banishing the conventional energy extraction technologies in favor of renewable and sustainable options. Pakistan being an agrarian society is home to one of the largest proportion of population dependent on agricultural products and livestock to make ends meet. Fortuitously this also provides an abundant resource for biomass which can be utilized for generating biogas energy. In the era of renewable energy boom, the resource has poignantly not been fully utilized. Whatever portion of the biogas energy has been tapped is not proliferating across the country owing to the lack of knowledge about the impacts of this precious resource. This research endeavor attempted to investigate the impact the biogas technology is imposing on the households that have adopted it. A total of 162 households composed of both adopters and non adopters of the technology were surveyed in the Dera Ismail Khan District of Pakistan in addition to the meetings and discussions with the relevant stakeholders. Resultantly the factors vastly impacting the adoption of the biogas technology were uncovered. Accordingly the apprehensions and misconceptions of the households not employing the technology despite possessing the resources necessary also came to surface. It was found out that the technology had profound impacts on the environment, education, and the health of the adopting families. However the age, education level, and gender of the target population did not bear any correlation with the decision to adopt the technology itself. The major barrier to the adoption of the technology in the target area was the high upfront costs of the technology, and low awareness about the technology’s installation, and maintenance.

Author

Muhammad Haseeb: United States Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy UET Peshawar, Pakistan

Saddam Ali: United States Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy UET Peshawar, Pakistan

Saim Saher: United States Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy UET Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Muhammad Haseeb Saddam Ali and Saim Saher, Analysis of Biogas Technology Adoption at Household Level and its Impact on Sustainable Livelihoods, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 09 PP. 314-323 September 2019

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Projecting Future Temperature using CMIP5 GCMs over Transboundary Gomal River Basin

Vol. 6, Issue 09, PP. 310-313, September 2019

Published online Projecting Future Temperature using CMIP5 GCMs over Transboundary Gomal River Basin

ePub PDF

Abstract

Temperature is a key driving force in hydrological cycle, defining the extent of climate change. It causes the alteration in hydrological cycle process, limiting and intensifying the rainfall, increasing the rate of evapotranspiration and changes the crop pattern and duration over a region. Its future analysis is utmost to cope with negative effects of climate change over a specified region. This study also investigates, the future temperature pattern over Gomal River Basin (GRB). To undertake the study, downscaled daily temperature data of four General Circulation Models (GCMS) namely; bcc_csm1_1_m, mpi_esm_mr, ncar_ccsm4 and ncc_noresm1_m and their ensemble mean were first compared and validated with observed data for the period of 1980-2005. After that, temperature was projected for the mid-century (2020-2060) for the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5. The analysis were carried out based on the four seasons; winter (December-February), spring (March-May), summer (June-August) and autumn (September-November). The results indicate that, the basin temperature was accurately predicted by the ensemble mean of the four GCMs with R2 value of 0.9. All the GCMs projected a warming in future in all seasons. Winter warming is more compared to other seasons. Proper adaptation strategies are needed to cope with the adverse impacts of global warming in the basin.

Author

Amjad Khan: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Univeristy of Engineering & Technology Peshawwar.

M. Shahzad Khattak: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Univeristy of Engineering & Technology Peshawwar.

Mahmood Alam Khan: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Univeristy of Engineering & Technology Peshawwar.

Saadia Rehman: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Univeristy of Engineering & Technology Peshawwar.

Cite

Amjad Khan M. Shahzad Khattak Mahmood Alam Khan and Saadia Rehman, Projecting Future Temperature using CMIP5 GCMs over Transboundary Gomal River Basin, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 09 PP. 310-313 September 2019, , , ,

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Synthesis of Non Precious Metals (NPM) Electrocatalysts for Higher ORR Efficiency in Fuel Cell Applications

Vol. 6, Issue 09, PP. 305-309, September 2019

Published online Synthesis of Non Precious Metals (NPM) Electrocatalysts for Higher ORR Efficiency in Fuel Cell Applications

ePub PDF

Abstract

Pt-less electrocatalysts for the assistance in Oxygen Reduction Reaction, elucidating at the cathode of PEMFC have been widely researched. To be considered as an alternative this research work focuses two different classes of Non-Precious Group Metals (Non-PGM),carbon base supports and Metal Organic Frameworks have been synthesized and tested for ORR characteristics i.e Cobalt doped Graphitic Carbon Nitrides (Co-C3N4) and Zeolitic Imidazole Framework with iron as a dopant i.e Fe+2. Potentiodynamic steady state convectively diffusing the reacting material within the electrolyte is employed at varying rpm to attain Linear Sweep Voltammograms at 20 mV.s-1 in 0.1M KOH and 0.1 HCLO4 electrolytes are obtained at 400, 800,1200 and 1600 rpm. Charge transfer number is obtained, showing the rate determining step of the reaction kinetics of transport of ionic species in the Oxygen reduction.

Author

Afaf Ali: US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar,Pakistan.

Ihtesham Ahmed: Department of Energy Systems Engineering, US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Dr.Saim Saher: US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar,Pakistan.

Cite

Afaf Ali Ihtesham Ahmed and Dr.Saim Saher, Synthesis of Non Precious Metals (NPM) Electrocatalysts for Higher, ORR Efficiency in Fuel Cell Applications, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 09 PP. 305-309 September 2019

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Evaluating the Effect of Different Burning Techniques on the Chemical Composition

Vol. 6, Issue 09, PP. 300-304, September 2019

Published online Evaluating the Effect of Different Burning Techniques on the Chemical Composition

ePub PDF

Abstract

After maize and sugar cane, rice was ranked as third position as a horticultural commodity. At global level, majority of Asian countries produce and consume the rice. Disposing of rice husk is a big problem and needs attention. In the present study, three different techniques were compared for converting rice husk (RH) into rice husk ash (RHA). The RHA obtained by combustion in drum for 24 hours yielded maximum quantity 97.703 % of SiO2. Therefore, this method was adopted for further studies on samples collected from different regions (Charsada, Swat and Buner) of Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. By comparing the contents of SiO2 obtained from combustion technique, the Charsada sample containing 97.073% of SiO2 was found best.

Author

Muhammad Fahad Ullah: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
Sheraz Abbas: Civil Engineering Department, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
Faizullah Jan: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
Zeeshan Khan: Civil Engineering Department, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
Muhammad Khubaib: Civil Engineering Department, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Muhammad Fahad Ullah Sheraz Abbas Faizullah Jan Zeeshan Khan and Muhammad Khubaib, Evaluating the Effect of Different Burning Techniques on the Chemical Composition of RHA from Different Region of Pakistan, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 09 PP. 300-304 September 2019

References

[1] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations, Statistical Database, 2002.http://apps.fao.org.

[2] W. Khan, K. Shehzada, T. Bibi, S.U. Islam, S.W. Khan, Performance evaluation of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in improving mechanical behavior of cement, Construction and Building Materials 176 (2018) 89–102.

[3] Economic Survey of Pakistan, Ministry of Planning and Development, Islamabad, 2009-2010.

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[5] Development of Statistics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Bureau of Statistics

Planning & Development Department Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (2017). www.kpbos.gov.pk.

[6] S. Wansom, S., Janjapuraphan, S. Sinthupinyo, Characterizing pozzolanic activity of rice husk ash by impedance spectroscopy, Cement and Concrete Research, 40 (2010) 1714-1722.

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[8] I.J. Fernandes, D. Calheiro, F.A.L. Sánchezb, A.L.D. Camacho, Characterization of Silica Produced from Rice Husk Ash: Comparison of Purification and Processing Methods, Materials Research. 20(Suppl. 2) (2017) 512-518.

[9] D.G. Nair, K.S. Jagadish, A. Fraaij, Reactive pozzolanas from rice husk ash : An alternative to cement for rural housing, 36 (2006) 1062–1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.03.012.

[10] L.A. Bui, C. Chen, C. Hwang, W. Wu, Effect of silica forms in rice husk ash on the properties of concrete. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 19(3) (2012) 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-012-0547-9.

[11] V.P. Della, I. Ku¨hn, D. Hotza, Rice husk ash as an alternate source for active silica production, Materials Letters 57 (2002) 818–821.

[12] R.M. Ferraro, A. Nanni, A. (2012). Effect of off-white rice husk ash on strength, porosity, conductivity and corrosion resistance of white concrete, Construction and Building Materials 31 (2012) 220–225.

[13] Muthadhi, S. Kothandaraman, Optimum production conditions for reactive rice husk ash, Materials and Structures 43(9) (2010) 1303–1315.

[14] R. Khan, A. Jabbar, I. Ahmad, W. Khan, A.N. Khan, J. Mirza, Reduction in environmental problems using rice-husk ash in concrete, Construction and Building Materials 30 (2012) 360-365.

Analysis of Heat Generation Hardness Distribution and Tensile Strength of Friction Plug Welding

Vol. 6, Issue 09, PP. 292-299, September 2019

Published online Analysis of Heat Generation Hardness Distribution and Tensile Strength of Friction Plug Welding

ePub PDF

Abstract

The Friction plug welding (FPW), is a kind of process to join the two dissimilar/similar materials and no external heat is applied or no molten state involved. As no melting occurs, friction welding is not a kind of fusion welding process, but more than a counterfeit welding technique. The joint efficiency may be increased by interpolating heat source or pre-heating at the workpiece surface. The generation of heat flux at the mean surface is calculated by friction during the materials to consider the friction co-efficient. By changing the diameter of the plug, the land width can be changed to get an impact on the temperature profile. Mathematical and Analytical modeling has computed the impact of pre-heating. The temperature distribution values during the workpiece were computed for various plug diameters with various pre-heating temperature values from 250ºC-550ºC.

Author

Preetam: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China

Yan Chongjing: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China Preetam and Yan Chongjing

Cite

Preetam and Yan Chongjing, Analysis of Heat Generation Hardness Distribution and Tensile Strength of Friction Plug Welding, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 09 PP. 292-299 September 2019

References

Comparison of Satellite and Ground based Solar Data for Peshawar, Pakistan

Vol. 6, Issue 09, PP. 288-291, September 2019

Published online Comparison of Satellite and Ground based Solar Data for Peshawar, Pakistan

ePub PDF

Abstract

This study presents one of the first analyses carried out on solar energy resource measurement using meteorological station established at University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Peshawar by World Bank under Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). Ground based direct normal irradiance (DNI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI) were measured and analyzed for year 2017 and then compared with the data of satellite based solar model called SUNY. Ground based data was measured with the help of Kipp & Zonen CMP10 Pyranometer and Twin sensor Rotating Shadowband Irradiometer (RSI). Data of satellite based solar model (SUNY) was based on daily total monthly mean averaged over 15 years, starting from 2000 till 2014. The maximum value of ground based GHI was found for the month of June which was 6,415 Wh/m2 and minimum GHI was found for the month of December which was 1,605 Wh/m2. On the other hand, highest DNI was recorded in the month of April which was 5,884 Wh/m2 and lowest DNI was recorded in the month of January which was 1,718 Wh/m2. Comparison of the data showed higher values of GHI and DNI for satellite based model (SUNY) in most of the months. In February, March and April, ground based GHI and DNI were overestimated compared to satellite based model. Maximum difference of 1,346 Wh/m2 in GHI was noticed in November and minimum difference of -181 Wh/m2 was recorded in the month of March. On the other hand, maximum difference of 2,348 Wh/m2 in DNI was observed in the month of November and a minimum difference of -140 Wh/m2 was seen in March. This study will be helpful in further assessment of solar energy resource at any location in Pakistan as it will provide help for base-line studies. Moreover, it will also help in establishing any solar energy program particularly concentrating solar power (CSP) in Pakistan.

Author

Adnan Ayaz: Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Mohammad Abdul Aziz Irfan: Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawr, Pakistan

Muhammad Noman: Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Adnan Ayaz Mohammad Abdul Aziz Irfan and Muhammad Noman, Comparison of Satellite and Ground based Solar Data for Peshawar Pakistan, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 09 PP. 288-291 September 2019,

References

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[4] C. C. Rodrigo A.Escobar, Alan Pino, Enio Bueno Pereira, Fernando Ramos Martins, José Miguel Cardemil, "Solar energy resource assessment in Chile: Satellite estimation and ground station measurements," Renewable Energy, vol. 71, pp. 324-332, 2014.

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[8] P. J. Yang Dazhi, Wilfred M.Walsh, "The Estimation of Clear Sky Global Horizontal Irradiance at the Equator," in Energy Procedia, 2012, pp. 141-148.

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Energy Efficient Routing Protocols and Introduction to Wireless Recharging of Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks

Vol. 6, Issue 09, PP. 280-287, September 2019

Published online Energy Efficient Routing Protocols and Introduction to Wireless Recharging of Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks

ePub PDF

Abstract

This paper gives a brief review of the concept of sensor networks which has become feasible due to large scale development in micro electro-mechanical systems technology and wireless communications. First of all, sensor node deployment and sensor networks applications are presented, and then various issues regarding sensor node lifetime are discussed. Then, to solve sensor node issues, various energy conservation techniques, their advantages and limitations are discussed. The energy conservation techniques are compared using MATLAB and best routing protocol is shown. Lastly, wireless power transfer to replenish sensor node battery is discussed. A review of wireless power transfer history and various development in this technology is also given to solve the energy issue of sensor node. Research issues for efficiency improvement of wireless sensor network are also discussed.

Author

Farman Ullah: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Cite

Farman Ullah, Energy Efficient Routing Protocols and Introduction to Wireless Recharging of Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 09 PP. 280-287 September 2019

References

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Mitigating Low Frequency Oscillations in Interconnected Power System

Vol. 6 Issue 09 PP. 275-279 September 2019

Published online Mitigating Low Frequency Oscillations in Interconnected Power System

ePub PDF

Abstract

Low frequency oscillations are one of the major causes which reduce the capabilities of power system. Low frequency oscillations (LFO) have taken the attention of engineers therefore different techniques are introduced. This paper will help out to damp low frequency oscillations using one of the best and effective technique i.e. Power system stabilizer (PSS). Since among various techniques power system stabilizer has taken the attention by working effectively to damp low frequency harmonics. The model will is implemented using Simulink and the graphical results are analyzed and compared. The system efficiency is improved up to 82%, by employing power system stabilizer.

Author

Juveria Anwar:US-Pak Center of Advanced Studies Energy (USPCASE) University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar KPK, Pakistan.

Asfand Yar Ali: US-Pak Center of Advanced Studies Energy (USPCASE) University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar KPK, Pakistan.

Dr.Tanvir Ahmad: US-Pak Center of Advanced Studies Energy (USPCASE) University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar KPK, Pakistan.

Cite

Juveria Anwar Asfand Yar Ali and Dr.Tanvir Ahmad, Mitigating Low Frequency Oscillations in Interconnected Power System, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 09 PP. 275-279 September 2019

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