International Journal of Engineering Works

In Press

Performance Evaluation of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements

Published online Performance Evaluation of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements

Abstract

The extensive use of organic and virgin aggregates contributes to their resource exploitation. High priority must be given to the partial substitution of conventional aggregates with recyclable construction material, which must be environmentally responsible and should function equally too as the conventional material. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements (RAP) is a great choice for the asphaltic wearing and asphaltic base courses of road pavements. In this research, the properties were determined for various combinations and proportions of virgin and aged asphalts. In this study, six blends which were the mixtures of virgin materials and RAP, were analyzed. The blends were designed with a wide variety of RAP blends from 0 to 100 percent by Marshall Method of design. The rutting performance of the blends was also determined in-order to check the deformation. The RAP content was combined with virgin aggregates in such a way that all the test samples had about the same gradation. RAP-containing mixtures showed significant variation and the properties indicated improvement with the increase in RAP material. The results show that up to 40 percent of RAP material can be used efficiently in the construction of wearing courses.

Author

Cite

References

Advance Energy Meter with Tariff Indication, Theft Dedection and Prepaid System using GSM

Published online Advance Energy Meter with Tariff Indication, Theft Dedection and Prepaid System using GSM

Abstract

Due to electricity stealing, electricity providers in divergent territories particularly inside progressing ones are experiencing from massive losses. This work focuses on electricity energy metering technique which is prepaid with an additional function of theft detection and changing tariff time to peak time and off-peak time. The suggested system has two parts. First part is service main side which will be installed on pole and is connected to distribution lines through service line while second part is main meter which will be installed at consumer side on service main wire. The suggested meter is equipped with transmitter/receiver used for theft detection and GSM module which open the door for bidirectional communication between service provider, users, and main meter getting advantage of the pre-installed GSM framework. Electricity meter can be recharged by customers, simply scratching card and sending hidden code with the help of SMS utilizing GSM module. This work presents new techniques to cover meter tampering and bypassing. In case of theft detection, it will cut off supply, inform the service provider and will show the exact location of theft using GSM. The tariff time will be changed by service provider using SMS with the help of GSM module to meter. The bidirectional GSM communication using SMS is very helpful for user as well as service providers. In case of low balance and if remaining balance become zero, it will cut off supply and inform user as well as service provider.

Author

Cite

References

Development of Dynamic Performance of a Grid Tied Photovoltaic (PV) System

Published online Development of Dynamic Performance of a Grid Tied Photovoltaic (PV) System

Abstract

Grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) system installations are rapidly growing around the globe to meet the increasing demand of electricity, leading to a high penetration to the electric grid. Tremendous efforts should be employed to sustain the operation of the PV system at the optimal level. Due to its non-linear nature, PV system can’t handle electrical faults, which may lead to voltage sag at DC side while simultaneously producing dynamics at AC side. This work offers techniques for improving the dynamic performance of the PV system by controlling voltage sag through the application of fuzzy logic based maximum power point techniques (MPPT) at DC-DC boost converter and the regulation of dynamics at inverter by using positive and negative sequence current controlling techniques during grid faults. In the event a fault occurs, fuzzy logic based MPPT controller will be activated, instead of the simple MPPT techniques. These techniques are implemented by designing 1 MW PV system in MATLAB/SIMULINK and validating the results by introducing faults in the implemented system.

Author

Cite

References

Assesment of Renewable Energy Sector in Pakistan

Published online Assesment of Renewable Energy Sector in Pakistan

Abstract

With the increasing technological advances, the global energy needs are increasing exponentially. The ever increasing demand of electricity has compelled generation sector to highly depend on fossil based fuel but the irony is that the fossil fuel is not only costly but also pose hazard to environment. Therefore, shift towards Renewable Energy (RE) is vital for every country. Currently, RE sector in Pakistan is underdeveloped though some projects have been initiated in Pakistan to decrease reliance on fossil fuel and to lessen the energy shortage in Pakistan. Globally, many countries like Germany and China are heavily investing in renewable energy. Hence, it is important to know the status of renewable energy project growth in Pakistan in comparison to other countries. The proposed methodology aims to find the growth of RE in Pakistan energy mix in comparison to bench mark country as China, Germany, India and Saudi Arabia. This is done to understand the current progress of Pakistan in expanding RE projects, against certain developed and under developed counties. For this study, solar, wind and small micro hydro sectors of Pakistan has been considered. After analysis, the challenges and way forward for successful integration of RE in Pakistan is put forth by this study.. The results of this study will help the policy makers of Pakistan in choosing the right energy resource which is not only cost effective but also environmental friendly. This will help Pakistan in ensuring economic energy projects along with mitigation of greenhouse emissions.

Author

Cite

References

Analysis and Monitoring of 500 KV Grid; Innovation in Power, Control, and Optimization, using ETAP Software

Published online Analysis and Monitoring of 500 KV Grid; Innovation in Power, Control, and Optimization, using ETAP Software

Abstract

In this research work, we have modeled and analyzed an existing 500 KV power station located at Shiekh Muhammadi, Peshawar in ETAP, using the actual real time data taken carefully for simulation in order to improve the voltage profile of the system using different techniques. It was revealed that voltage profiles of most of the buses are far below the nominal values with high losses causing considerable voltage drop at the bus. The optimization was very carefully performed by analyzing each simulation results in light of classical Newton Raphson technique in order to get the best possible optimized value without going through tedious iterations. Reactive power compensation using Static Capacitor Banks was used for voltage profile improvement of the power system. After performing optimization through above techniques, the voltages of all the buses including those with previously critical under voltage conditions, experienced boost in voltage to the nominal value with increased in real power supplied, thus improving the overall efficiency of the system.

Author

Cite

References

Comparative Review of the Factors Affecting the Performance of Solar Photovolatic System

Published online Comparative Review of the Factors Affecting the Performance of Solar Photovolatic System

Abstract

The increasing trend in the photvoltaic technology ask not only for efficient photvoltaic technology but also requires the best utilization of the solar power. As many factor effecting the performance of photvoltaic system such as Temperature, Dust depositon, Humidity, Tilt angle, wind speed. So a qualitative study is carried out to summarize the effect of these factors. Among all these temperature is the main culprit in degrading the performance of the Photovoltaic System. Due to dust deposition slightly reduce the open circuit voltage of the system while it significantly reduce the short circuit current and hence affecting the performance. Humidity has also negative impact on the performace of the PV system. Similar with increase in tilt angle the ability of the system to receive maximum irradiance decrease but it has the advantage of reducing the dust deposited on the photvolataic panel. Among all the parameters wind speed has positive impact on the performance of the system as it reduce temperature, dust deposition, humidity and hence improve the performance of the system.

Author

Cite

References

Analysis of Vehicle Accidents using Spatio-temporal Tools in ArcGIS; A Case Study of Hayatabad, Peshawar

Published online Analysis of Vehicle Accidents using Spatio-temporal Tools in ArcGIS; A Case Study of Hayatabad, Peshawar

Abstract

Identification of traffic accident spots play a pivotal role in planning of roads and application of effective strategies in order to minimize the traffic accidents. This study puts into use the spatial distribution of the traffic accidents scattered throughout the area using spatial analysis and statistical approaches. The purpose of this research study is to analyze the traffic accidents occurring in the Hayatabad area of Peshawar. The fundamental objective of this study is to detect accidents hotspot in an observed area by a complex statistical algorithm. A methodology was developed in ArcGIS 10.2 to analyze the spatial patterns of traffic accidents and to identify hotspots. This study has conducted NNHA spatial clustering method in CrimeSTAT for the identification of hotspot clusters for accidents points in ArcGIS. Moreover, based on the detected hotspots, spatio-temporal tool like Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) analysis was performed in Crime STAT to create a temporal map of RTAs hotspots in ArcGIS. A geostatistical method known as Kriging Interpolation method (KI) was also used to assess the results computed by KDE. The results indicated that the roundabouts located in this area are the major hotspot of accidents, which includes Bagh-e-Naran roundabout, Phase-6 roundabout, Tatara Park roundabout and Jamrud road. Comparison of KDE and KI was performed and it was found that KI outperforms KDE in identifying hotspots. It has been concluded that these hotspots lacked the basic traffic controlling devices, which are necessary for controlling the speed and converging or merging of vehicles at these locations.

Author

Cite

References

[1] Ahmed, Aizaza. "Road safety in Pakistan." National Road Safety Secretariat, Islamabad, 142, 2007.

[2] Chen, Yen-Chi. "A tutorial on kernel density estimation and recent advances." Biostatistics & Epidemiology 1.1, 161-187, 2017.

[3] Chainey, Spencer, and Jerry Ratcliffe. GIS and crime mapping. John Wiley & Sons, 2013

[4] Gudes, Ori, and Richard Varhol. "Using a spatial analysis approach to investigate Articulated Heavy Vehicle." Journal of Transport Geography 31, 64-71. 2015

[5] Goovaerts, Pierre. Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation. Oxford University Press on Demand, 1997.

[6] Hart, Timothy C., and Paul A. Zandbergen. "Effects of data quality on predictive hotspot mapping." Final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice 1, 2012.

[7] Kazmi, Jamil H., and Salman Zubair. "Estimation of vehicle damage cost involved in road traffic accidents in Karachi, Pakistan: a geospatial perspective." Procedia engineering 77, 70-78, 2014

[8] McCullagh, Michael J. "Detecting hotspots in time and space." ISG06 349 : 1-17, 2006

[9] Nakaya, Tomoki, and Keiji Yano. "Visualising crime clusters in a space‐time cube: An exploratory data‐analysis approach using space‐time kernel density estimation and scan statistics." Transactions in GIS 14.3: 223-239, 2010

[10] Prasannakumar, V., et al. "Spatio-temporal clustering of road accidents: GIS based analysis and assessment." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 21, 317-325, 2011

[11] World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health Organization, 2015.

[12] World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2018. World Health Organization, 2018.

[13] Razzak, Junaid Abdul, et al. "A successful model of road traffic injury surveillance in a developing country: process and lessons learnt." BMC public health 12.1, 357.2012

[14] Rosenblatt, Murray. "Remarks on some nonparametric estimates of a density function." The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 832-837, 1956

[15] Shafabakhsh, Gholam Ali, Afshin Famili, and Mohammad Sadegh Bahadori. "GIS-based spatial analysis of urban traffic accidents: Case study in Mashhad, Iran." Journal of traffic and transportation engineering (English edition) 4.3, 290-299, 2017

[16] Thakali, Lalita, Tae J. Kwon, and Liping Fu. "Identification of crash hotspots using kernel density estimation and kriging methods: a comparison." Journal of Modern Transportation23.2, 93-106, 2015

[17] Van Patten, Isaac T., Jennifer McKeldin-Coner, and Deana Cox. "A microspatial analysis of robbery: Prospective hot spotting in a small city." Crime Mapping: A journal of research and practice 1.1, 7-32., 2009

[18] Jia, Ruo, Anish Khadka, and Inhi Kim. "Traffic crash analysis with point-of-interest spatial clustering." Accident Analysis & Prevention 121, 223-230, 2018

[19] Romano, Benjamin, and Zhe Jiang. "Visualizing traffic accident hotspots based on spatial-temporal network kernel density estimation." Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM, 2017.

[20] Rushton, G., and C. Tiwari. "Spatial filtering/kernel density estimation.", 359-364. 2009

view all

Current Issue - 2019

Feasibility Analysis of Green Technologies For Residential Buildings

Vol. 6, Issue 11, PP. 414-419, November 2019

Published online Feasibility Analysis of Green Technologies For Residential Buildings

ePub PDF

Abstract

Pakistan is suffering from acute energy crisis since last decades. There is a big gap between power supply and demand and the shortfall is about 5000 MW per day. This shortfall is badly affecting all sectors which consumes electricity like residential, commercial, industrial and agriculture etc. Among the total energy about 43 % is consumed by the residential buildings. This high consumption needs to be minimized so finding desirable and effective ways to minimize the energy consumption of existing residential buildings and to propose strategies that are energy efficient is the aim of this research work. Each household has its own energy consumption pattern which is affected by the socio-economic conditions, number of occupants, the age group and gender. Thus, figuring out a generalized procedure for the transformation of residential buildings into the energy efficient building becomes very challenging. The proposed methodology aims at optimizing the energy consumption of residential buildings and finding a generalized procedure that can be adopted to transform any residential building into a low energy building. The test site selected for the proposed work is situated at canal town Peshawar which is a residential building. To lower down the electricity consumption of the selected building different insulation materials and energy efficient equipment’s along with different retrofitting strategies are analyzed in this research work. The financial analysis is also carried out based on the KWH savings, with an improvement in energy consumption up to 30%.

Author

Tayyaba Sony: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pak Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), UET, Peshawar, Pakistan

Muhammad Jamal Farooq: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pak Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), UET, Peshawar, Pakistan

Adan Zahid: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pak Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), UET, Peshawar, Pakistan

Uzair Muhammad: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pak Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), UET, Peshawar, Pakistan

Haseenullah: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pak Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), UET, Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Tayyaba Sony Muhammad Jamal Farooq Adan Zahid Uzair Muhammad Haseenullah, Feasibility Analysis of Green Technologies For Residential Buildings, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 11 PP. 414-419 November 2019,

References

[1] Rashid, Tanzeel-ur. Energy Modeling and Policy Analysis of Pakistan’s Residential Energy System. Diss. University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, 2016.

[2] K. kiani, DAWN NEWS, May 2017.

[3] Valasai, Gordhan Das, et al. "Overcoming electricity crisis in Pakistan: A review of sustainable electricity options." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72 (2017): 734-745.

[4] Balaras, Constantinos A., et al. "Heating energy consumption and resulting environmental impact of European apartment buildings." Energy and buildings 37.5 (2005): 429-442.C. Balaras,

[5] Asimakopoulos, D. A., et al. "Modelling the energy demand projection of the building sector in Greece in the 21st century." Energy and Buildings 49 (2012): 488-498.

[6] Zhang, Tao, Peer-Olaf Siebers, and Uwe Aickelin. "Modelling electricity consumption in office buildings: An agent based approach." Energy and Buildings 43.10 (2011): 2882-2892.

Economic Impact Assessment of Mini Micro Hydel Power Projects in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Vol. 6, Issue 11, PP. 420-430, November 2019

Published online Economic Impact Assessment of Mini Micro Hydel Power Projects in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

ePub PDF

Abstract

The exhaustion of the fossil fuel supply of the world is an understood eventuality, considering the pace at which these resources are being exploited the world over. More so when the global energy requirements are increasing without much interruption; suffice to say the current state of operations in the energy arena is not going to last long. Alternative energy resources, in this worldview, provide an auspicious avenue of fulfilling the burgeoning human thirst for energy. The impact of these alternative energy resources utilization will be twofold: the satiation of the energy demand, and the culmination of the global warming resulting from the incessant use of the fossil fuels. The urge for alternative resources of energy is key to survival and demand of future. In comparison to all the alternative resources of energy, Hydro power present better results in terms of efficiency and long term viability.The viability of Hydro Power is subject to its high initial cost and major construction with no return in the initial phase of construction. This work is aimed at presenting the technical and financial aspects of Micro-Hydro power. The financial assessment is based on the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return and Benefit to Cost Ratio (B/C). Apart from the social benefits to the residents and improving the quality of life, the financial feasibility is tested on the basis the above parameters and results shows the micro hydro are feasible in the lights of mentioned parameters. The proposition is tested and implemented on three different case studies, i.e. Ajmera Hydro power plant, Bersa Payen and Sheri Dumrai HPP. The data shows successful results in the all the mentioned cases.

Author

Ijaz ur Rahman: United States Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy UET Peshawar, Pakistan

Maoz: United States Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy UET Peshawar, Pakistan

Tanvir Ahmad: United States Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy UET Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Ijaz ur Rahman Maoz and Tanvir Ahmad, Economic Impact Assessment of Mini Micro Hydel Power Projects in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 11 PP. 420-430 November 2019, ,

References

[1] N. E. F. Bloomberg, "New energy outlook 2018," ed: Informs BNEF). Disponible en: http://about. bnef. com/content/uploads/sites …, 2016.

[2] L. Yang, H. Yan, and J. C. Lam, "Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications–a review," Applied energy, vol. 115, pp. 164-173, 2014.

[3] A. Amin, N. Muhammad, S. A. Maoz, A. Basit, and T. Ahmad, "A Socio-Technical Survey of Micro Hydro Power Projects in District Shangla, Pakistan," 2018.

[4] N. Qureshi, "Exploring the energy consumption environmental impacts and economic consequences of," 2018.

[5] M. A. Sheikh, "Energy and renewable energy scenario of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, pp. 354-363, 2010.

[6] A. Raheem, S. A. Abbasi, A. Memon, S. R. Samo, Y. Taufiq-Yap, M. K. Danquah, et al., "Renewable energy deployment to combat energy crisis in Pakistan," Energy, Sustainability and Society, vol. 6, p. 16, 2016.

[7] M. K. Farooq and S. Kumar, "An assessment of renewable energy potential for electricity generation in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 20, pp. 240-254, 2013.

[8] M. Shahbaz, N. Loganathan, M. Zeeshan, and K. Zaman, "Does renewable energy consumption add in economic growth? An application of auto-regressive distributed lag model in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 44, pp. 576-585, 2015

[9] S. Z. Farooqui, "Prospects of renewables penetration in the energy mix of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 29, pp. 693-700, 2014.

[10] F. Wagner, "The complex story of energy transition—an introduction," in EPJ Web of Conferences, 2018, p. 00002.

[11] W. Uddin, S. Hussain, K. Zeb, M. A. Dildar, Z. Ullah, . U. Khalil, et al., "Energy Scenario and Potential of Hydroelectric Power in Pakistan," in 2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), 2018, pp. 1-6.

[12] S. Stiebert, "Pakistan Low Carbon Scenario Analysis," 2016.

[13] A. Hussain and Z. Gillani, "Fulfilling environment related international commitments through implementation of multilateral environmental agreements (meas) in pakistan," A scientific journal of COMSATS–Science Vision, vol. 18, pp. 1-2, 2014.

[14] O. Paish, "Small hydro power: technology and current status," Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 6, pp. 537-556, 2002.

[15] M. S. Rahman, I. M. Nabil, and M. M. Alam, "Global analysis of a renewable micro hydro power generation plant," in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017, p. 020014.

[16] M. Bilal, R. Ullah, A. Ali, M. H. Khan, and Z. Ullah, "Wheeling hybrid energy system for industries," in 2016 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube), 2016, pp. 169-174.

[17] M. H. Baloch, S. T. Chauhdary, D. Ishak, G. S. Kaloi, M. H. Nadeem, W. A. Wattoo, et al., "Hybrid energy sources status of Pakistan: An optimal technical proposal to solve the power crises issues," Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 132-153, 2019.

[18] H. A. Sher, A. F. Murtaza, K. E. Addoweesh, and M. Chiaberge, "Pakistan’s progress in solar PV based energy generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 47, pp. 213-217, 2015.

[19] B. K. Sovacool, "The political economy of energy poverty: A review of key challenges," Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 16, pp. 272-282, 2012.

[20] W. Uddin, K. Zeb, A. Haider, B. Khan, S. ul Islam, M. Ishfaq, et al., "Current and future prospects of small hydro power in Pakistan: A survey," Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 166-177, 2019.

[21] M. Umar and A. Hussain, "Micro hydro power: a source of sustainable energy in rural communities: economic and environmental perspectives," The Pakistan Development Review, pp. 487-504, 2015.

[22] A. Hussain, G. K. Sarangi, A. Pandit, S. Ishaq, N. Mamnun, B. Ahmad, et al., "Hydropower development in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region: Issues, policies and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 107, pp. 446-461, 2019.

[23] M. A. Khan, "Policy review and recommendations on the promotion of renewable energy and energy efficiency," 2016.

[24] D. Moulick, B. Chowardhara, and S. K. Panda, "Agroecotoxicological Aspect of Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) on Field Crops and its Mitigation: Current Status and Future Prospect," in Plant-Metal Interactions, ed: Springer, 2019, pp. 217-246.

[25] P. Purohit, "Small hydro power projects under clean development mechanism in India: A preliminary assessment," Energy Policy, vol. 36, pp. 2000-2015, 2008

Material Selection for Micro Channel Heat Exchangers for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery

Vol. 6, Issue 11, PP. 406-413, November 2019

Published online Material Selection for Micro Channel Heat Exchangers for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery

ePub PDF

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide the software-based materials selection approach for the micro channel heat exchanger for high-temperature industrial waste heat recovery. Industrial heat processing and heat recovery places increasing demand for material performance in extreme conditions. These extreme conditions accelerate the materials degradation in turn leading to performance and efficiency reduction. Therefore the development of new compatible materials demand material qualification for the miniaturized technology to function over a long period of time with full efficiency. This paper proposes methodology for the material identification and selecting appropriate material for the micro channel heat exchanger to recover high-temperature (>500℃) industrial waste heat. Thermally stable materials such as aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten carbide, tungsten alloys, and nickel and TZM alloys were observed to perform exceptionally well in extreme condition. Thus silicon carbide, aluminum nitride and molybdenum TZM alloys were selected as the most promising materials for micro channel heat exchanger recover high-temperature (500-750 ℃) waste heat from different industries.

Author

Wiqas Alam: Mechanical Department, NWFP, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar

Cite

Wiqas Alam, Material Selection for Micro Channel Heat Exchangers for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 11 PP. 406-413 November 2019

References

[1] Tuckerman, D. B. and R. F. W. Pease (1981). "High-performance heat sinking for VLSI." IEEE Electron device letters 2(5): 126-129.

[2] Dixit, T. and I. Ghosh (2015). "Review of micro-and mini-channel heat sinks and heat exchangers for single phase fluids." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41: 1298-1311.

[3] Knight, R. W., et al. (1992). "Heat sink optimization with application to microchannels." IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 15(5): 832-842.

[4] Lee, J., et al. (2005). "Optimum design of cold-formed steel channel beams using micro Genetic Algorithm." Engineering Structures 27(1): 17-24.

[5] Riera, S., et al. (2015). "Stepwise varying width microchannel cooling device for uniform wall temperature: Experimental and numerical study." Applied Thermal Engineering 78: 30-38.

[6] Harms, T. M., et al. (1999). "Developing convective heat transfer in deep rectangular microchannels." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 20(2): 149-157.

[7] Mohammed, H., et al. (2011). "Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in microchannels heat exchanger using nanofluids: a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15(3): 1502-1512.

[8] Segre, G. and A. Silberberg (1962). "Behaviour of macroscopic rigid spheres in Poiseuille flow Part 2. Experimental results and interpretation." Journal of fluid mechanics 14(1): 136-157.

[9] Kan, M., et al. (2015). "Plate heat exchangers as a compact design and optimization of different channel angles." Acta Physica Polonica A 12: 49-52.

[10] Peng, X. and G. Peterson (1996). "Convective heat transfer and flow friction for water flow in microchannel structures." International journal of heat and mass transfer 39(12): 2599-2608

[11] Wu, H. and P. Cheng (2003). "An experimental study of convective heat transfer in silicon microchannels with different surface conditions." International journal of heat and mass transfer 46(14): 2547-2556.

[12] Jiang, P.-X., et al. (2001). "Thermal–hydraulic performance of small scale micro-channel and porous-media heat-exchangers." International journal of heat and mass transfer 44(5): 1039-1051.

[13] Westphalen, D. and S. Koszalinski (1999). "Energy consumption characteristics of commercial building HVAC systems. Volume II: Thermal Distribution, auxiliary equipment, and ventilation." Arthur D. Little Inc (ADLI) 20(October): 33745-33700.

[14] Kandlikar, S., et al. (2005). Heat transfer and fluid flow in minichannels and microchannels, elsevier.

[15] Pettersen, J., et al. (1998). "Development of compact heat exchangers for CO2 air-conditioning systems." International journal of refrigeration 21(3): 180-193.

[16] Han, Y., et al. (2012). "A review of development of micro-channel heat exchanger applied in air-conditioning system." Energy Procedia 14: 148-153.

[17] Leland, J. E. and R. Ponnappan (2001). Method of making micro channel heat pipe having corrugated fin elements, Google Patents.

[18] [18] Harris, C., et al. (2000). "Design and fabrication of a cross flow micro heat exchanger." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 9(4): 502-508.

[19] Min, J. K., et al. (2009). "High temperature heat exchanger studies for applications to gas turbines." Heat and mass transfer 46(2): 175.

[20] Sommers, A., et al. (2010). "Ceramics and ceramic matrix composites for heat exchangers in advanced thermal systems—a review." Applied Thermal Engineering 30(11-12): 1277-1291.

[21] Meng, J.-H., et al. (2016). "Performance investigation and design optimization of a thermoelectric generator applied in automobile exhaust waste heat recovery." Energy Conversion and Management 120: 71-80.

[22] Baek, S., et al. (2010). Micro channel heat exchanger for LNG-FPSO application. The Ninth ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.

[23] Thonon, B. and E. Breuil (2001). Compact heat exchanger technologies for the HTRs recuperator application.

[24] Kandlikar, S. G. (2005). "High flux heat removal with microchannels—a roadmap of challenges and opportunities." Heat transfer engineering 26(8): 5-14.

[25] Walpole, J. N. and L. J. Missaggia (1992). Microchannel heat sink with alternating flow directions, Google Patents.

[26] Reuse, P., et al. (2004). "Hydrogen production for fuel cell application in an autothermal micro-channel reactor." Chemical Engineering Journal 101(1-3): 133-141.

[27] Li, Q., et al. (2011). "Compact heat exchangers: A review and future applications for a new generation of high temperature solar receivers." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15(9): 4855-4875.

[28] Silvestri, S. and E. Schena (2012). "Micromachined flow sensors in biomedical applications." Micromachines 3(2): 225-243.

[29] Qu, W. and I. Mudawar (2002). "Experimental and numerical study of pressure drop and heat transfer in a single-phase micro-channel heat sink." International journal of heat and mass transfer 45(12): 2549-2565.

[30] Liu, X. and J. Yu (2016). "Numerical study on performances of mini-channel heat sinks with non-uniform inlets." Applied Thermal Engineering 93: 856-864.

[31] Del Col, D., et al. (2011). "Effect of cross sectional shape during condensation in a single square minichannel." International journal of heat and mass transfer 54(17-18): 3909-3920.

[32] Brandner, J., et al. (2006). "Concepts and realization of microstructure heat exchangers for enhanced heat transfer." Experimental thermal and fluid science 30(8): 801-809.

[33] [33] David, M. P., et al. (2011). "Hydraulic and thermal characteristics of a vapor venting two-phase microchannel heat exchanger." International journal of heat and mass transfer 54(25-26): 5504-5516.

[34] M Kan, O Ipek, B et al. (2015) "Plate heat exchangers as a compact design and optimization of different channel angles" GurelActa Physica Polonica A 12, 49-52

[35] Liu, N., et al. (2016). "Experimental investigation of condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of propane, R1234ze (E) and R22 in minichannels." Applied Thermal Engineering 102: 63

[36] Shen, S., et al. (2006). "Flow and heat transfer in microchannels with rough wall surface." Energy Conversion and Management 47(11-12): 1311-1325.

[37] Peng XF, Peterson GP. The effect of thermo fluid and geometrical parameters on convection of liquids through rectangular micro channels. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 1995; 38: 755–8.

[38] Peng XF, Peterson GP. Convective heat transfer and flow friction for water flow in micro channel structures. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 1996; 39: 2599–608

[39] P Chamarthy, SV Garimella, ST Wereley - Measurement of the temperature non-uniformity in a micro channel heat sink using micro-scale laser-induced fluorescence of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010.

[40] P Wu, WA Little - Measurement of the heat transfer characteristics of gas flow in fine channel heat exchangers used for micro miniature refrigerators Cryogenics, 1984.

[41] Khare, S., Dell’Amico, M., Knight, C., & McGarry, S. (2013). Selection of materials for high temperature sensible energy storage. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 115, 114–122. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2013.03.009.

[42] Barreneche, C., Navarro, M. E., Cabeza, L. F., & Fernández, A. I. (2015). New database to select phase change materials: Chemical nature, properties, and applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 3, 18–24. doi:10.1016/j.est.2015.08.003.

[43] Shanian, A., & Savadogo, O. (2006). A material selection model based on the concept of multiple attribute decision making. Materials & Design, 27(4), 329–337.

[44] MF Ashby, A Miller, F Rutter, C Seymour, UGK Wegst the CES Eco Selector – Background Reading – 2009[42] MF Ashby, A Miller, F Rutter, C Seymour, UGK Wegst the CES Eco Selector – Background Reading – 2009.

Numerical Analysis of Flow through High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor Impeller and Effect of Varying Diffuser Exit Width on Performance

Vol. 6, Issue 11, PP. 399-405, November 2019

Published online Numerical Analysis of Flow through High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor Impeller and Effect of Varying Diffuser Exit Width on Performance

ePub PDF

Abstract

This paper carries out a comprehensive numerical investigation of turbocharger high-pressure ratio centrifugal compressor impeller. The aim is to study the effect of varying mass flow rate on the pressure ratio and efficiency from stall to choke using (3D) numerical simulations. The transonic SRV2 compressor developed by DLR (German Aerospace Center) has been used as the test case in this study. Numerical simulations have been performed using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based k-ɛ model to predict turbulence. Y-plus is kept 35 for the structured mesh near the boundaries. In first part, calculations were carried out for design speed of 50,000 1/min to study the suitability of ANSYS CFX in the design procedure and compared the results with experimental data and four other (3D) solvers. The numerical simulations showed that ANSYS CFX over predicts the experimental data by 9% in this compressor. The second part describes the effect of vaneless diffuser exit width on performance parameters of centrifugal compressor at design high rotational speed, which shows that decreasing vaneless diffuser exit width increases pressure ratio, isentropic efficiency and operating range from stall to choke.

Author

Amjid Khan: Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, NUST, ISB, Pakistan

Tariq Ullah: Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, NUST, ISB, Pakistan

Cite

Amjid Khan and Tariq Ullah, Numerical Analysis of Flow through High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor, Impeller and Effect of Varying Diffuser Exit Width on Performance, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 11 PP. 399-405 November 2019, ,

References

[1] S. N. Danish, Chaochen Ma, and Y. Ce, “The influence of tip clearance on centrifugal compressor stage of a turbocharger,” Proc. 4th WSEAS Int. Conf. Fluid Mech. Aerodyn. Elounda, Greece, vol. 2006, pp. 6–11, 2006.

[2] G. Eisenlohr et al., “Gt-2002-30394 Investigations of the Flow Through a High,” pp. 1–9, 2002.

[3] G. Eisenlohr, P. Dalbert, H. Krain, H. Pröll, F.-A. Richter, and K.-H. Rohne, “Analysis of the Transonic Flow at the Inlet of a High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Impeller,” p. V001T01A007, 2014.

[4] A. Jaatinen-Värri, P. Röyttä, T. Turunen-Saaresti, and A. Grönman, “Experimental study of centrifugal compressor vaneless diffuser width,” J. Mech. Sci. Technol., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1011–1020, 2013.

[5] A. S. Rathore and K. B. Ravichandrakumar, “International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering PARAMETRIC STUDY ON IMPELLER EXIT BLADE WIDTH VARIATION ON CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering,” vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 16–22, 2017.

[6] Q. H. Nagpurwala, “Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Exit Width Trim on the Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor Impeller Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Exit Width Trim on the Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor Impeller,” no. January 2010, 2018.

[7] T. C. Siva Reddy, G. V. Ramana Murty, M. V. S. S. S. M. Prasad, and D. N. Reddy, “Experimental studies on the effect of impeller width on centrifugal compressor stage performance with low solidity vaned diffusers,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A J. Power Energy, vol. 221, no. 4, pp. 519–533, 2007.

Control and Modelling of Rotor and Grid side converters control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator For the application in Micro Hydro

Vol. 6, Issue 11, PP. 392-398, November 2019

Published online Control and Modelling of Rotor and Grid side converters control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator For the application in Micro Hydro

ePub PDF

Abstract

Micro hydro power is considered as one of the lucrative options for electricity generation, it can work both autonomously and in Grid connected mode.Most of the MHP’s are built on obsolete technology due to which only a portion of flow is utilized for power generation. In micro hydro power plant Voltage and frequency of induction generator are not constant due to change in discharge of water.To overcome these issues technology is moving from fixed speed operation (FSO) to variable speed operations (VSO). Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is the most suitable option for variable speed operation .In this research paper working and operation of DFIG in MHP system in Grid connected mode is observed which allow to compensate the variations in acceptable proportion while guaranteeing a good quality of electrical outputs.A control algorithm is developed which enable the stator voltage and frequency of DFIG to a constant value in spite of speed variation in driving shaft and load changes. A vector control technique is adopted for the regulation of rotor side converter (RSC) and grid side converter(GSC) to keep the voltages and frequency with in limits and also ensure the reactive power exchange with the grid according to the reference value.Operation of the established model is tested by different operating conditions in Simulink MATLAB.

Author

Mohsin hamid: US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, UET Peshawar

Dr Abdul Basit: US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, UET Peshawar

Muhammad Ilyas: US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, UET Peshawar

Fazl-e-Hilal: US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, UET Peshawar

Imran Haseeb: US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, UET Peshawar

Cite

Mohsin hamid Dr Abdul Basit Muhammad Ilyas Fazl-e-Hilal and Imran Haseeb, Control and Modelling of Rotor and Grid Side Converters Control of Doubly, Fed Induction Generator for the Application in Micro Hydro, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 11 PP. 392-398 November 2019,

References

[1] R. Adib, R. Coordinator, and C. Webinar, “Renewables 2015 Global Status Report Distrbuted Renewable Energy for Energy Access,” no. September, 2015.

[2] S. Breban, M. M. Radulescu, and B. Robyns, “Direct active and reactive power control of variable-speed doubly-fed induction generator on micro-hydro energy conversion system,” 19th Int. Conf. Electr. Mach. ICEM 2010, pp. 0–5, 2010.

[3] C. Mi, M. Filippa, J. Shen, and N. Natarajan, “Modeling and control of a variable-speed constant-frequency synchronous generator with brushless exciter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 565–573, 2004.

[4] A. Ansel and B. Robyns, “Modelling and simulation of an autonomous variable speed micro hydropower station,” Math. Comput. Simul., vol. 71, no. 4–6, pp. 320–332, 2006.

[5]S. Breban, M. Nasser, A. Ansel, C. Saudemont, B. Robyns, and M. Radulescu, “Variable Speed Small Hydro Power Plant Connected to AC Grid or Isolated Loads,” EPE J., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 29–36, 2008.

[6]M. B. Camara, B. Dakyo, C. Nichita, and G. Barakat, “Simulation of a doubly-fed induction generator with hydro turbine for electrical energy production,” 2009 8th Int. Symp. Adv. Electromechanical Motion Syst. Electr. Drives Jt. Symp. ELECTROMOTION 2009, no. July, pp. 1–3, 2009.

[7] S. Mpn, P. Ts, A. Hermanto, and B. Ian, “Innovative Energy & Research Electric Speed Governor for 1kw Microhydro Generator,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 6–9, 2017.

[8] C. P. Ion and C. Marinescu, “Autonomous micro hydro power plant with induction generator,” Renew. Energy, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 2259–2267, 2011.

IEE Proc. - Electr. Power Appl., vol. 143, no. 5, p. 380, 1996.

[9]A. L. U. Quilisch, “Object Oriented Modelling and Simulation of Kaplan Turbines,” no. February, 2008.

[10]Z. Husain, Basic Fluid Mechanics and . Hydraulic Machines.

[11]D. Zhi and L. Xu, “Direct power control of DFIG with constant switching frequency and improved transient performance,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 110–118, 2007.

[12]A. D. Hansen, “Overall control strategy of variable speed doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine,” Grid Integr. Electr. Syst. Wind Turbines Wind Farms, 2004.

[13]M. I. Martinez, G. Tapia, A. Susperregui, and H. Camblong, “Sliding-mode control for DFIG rotor- and grid-side converters under unbalanced and harmonically distorted grid voltage,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 328–339, 2012.

Review of Remote Acting Fire Valve (RAF) Calibration and Rework Problems in Tesla Technology Private Limited Pakistan

Vol. 6, Issue 10, PP. 387-391, October 2019

Published online Review of Remote Acting Fire Valve (RAF) Calibration and Rework Problems in Tesla Technology Private Limited Pakistan

ePub PDF

Abstract

The need for safety devices is increasing day by day in a fast-growing technology era. Many heating appliances involve oil fuel or liquefied petroleum gas burning in furnaces providing heat to the working facilities and our homes with controlled fires and careful management. The risk of blazing fire escaping from furnaces will cause potential harm and hazardous to our lives and damages to our houses. Remote acting fire valve (RAF) safeguard against the fuel being fed into the fire and prevent the total destruction by fire. The automated fire safety valve utilizes the temperature control sensor governed to minimize the risk of fire. The RAF with cut off temperature 66 ℃ or 90 ℃ depends on the model, the flow rate of 395 liters/hour with 2m head approved by BS5410. This paper demonstrates the operation, calibration, function, and Reworks of Remote Acting Fire valve (RAF), manufactured and assembled in Tesla Technologies Private limited Pakistan. RAF is a safety device designated to cut off fuels supply to heating appliances that may have malfunctioned. Failure and Reworks of RAF are the problems need to be resolved. The proposed solution to the rework problems at Tesla Private limited would be beneficial to the company and customers.

Author

Wiqas Alam: NWFP, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
Zafar Ahmad: NWFP, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar

Cite

Wiqas Alam and Zafar Ahmad, Review of Remote Acting Fire Valve (RAF) Calibration and Rework Problems in, Tesla Technology Private Limited Pakistan, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 10 PP. 387-391 October 2019,

References

[1] Thompson, W. S. (1977). Pressure reducing fire valve, Google Patents.

[2] Northill, B. W. (1993). Fire suppression systems, Google Patents.

[3] Hilpert, B. and B. Hunziker (1987). Remote control actuating device for a valve, Google Patents.

[4] Kelada, M. I. (2000). Remote function verification of low pressure and vacuum relief devices, Google Patents.

[5] Lymberopoulos, D. (2015). Valve actuator control system and method of use, Google Patents.

[6] Stacey, M. R. (1992). Performance Tests of a Fast-acting Valve for the Driver Tubes of a Large Blast/Thermal Simulator, EG AND G IDAHO INC IDAHO FALLS.

[7] Oppenberg, R. (1981). Safety device for an oil burner, Google Patents

[8] Morse, L. H. (1936). Valve, Google Patents.

[9] Phillips, S. C. (1930). Steam-operated emergency valve for oil and gas wells, Google Patents.

[10] Smith, I. E. (1926). Oil-burner-control system, Google Patents.

[11] Grant, W. S. (1931). Oil burner, Google Patents.

[12] Buchanan, B. F. and J. R. Buchanan (1992). Combination steam and fuel oil supply and purge valve with recirculation feature, Google Patents.

[13] Kagi, T. (2006). Waste oil multi-fuel fired burner, Google Patents.

Potential Assessment of Biogas and its Social Values in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Vol. 6, Issue 10, PP. 379-386, October 2019

Published online Potential Assessment of Biogas and its Social Values in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

ePub PDF

Abstract

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is considered to be one of the greenest province of Pakistan. But the province is in a great threat of deforestation as majority of the population are cutting trees rapidly in order to meet their need of cooking fuel. Majority of the rural population are using firewood as their cooking fuel as they have no access to national gas transmission line and cannot afford the LPG cylinders. Installation of domestic biogas plant is one of the alternative green solutions to this problem. This research is conducted to evaluate the overall potential of biogas from cattle manure in KPK and to carry out the multi prospect assessment of current biogas plants in KPK. Potential of biogas from cattle manure was calculated from statistical data of KPK and literature review. Questionnaires were designed to conduct survey of 15 installed biogas plants in different districts of KPK. The total potential of biogas from cattle manure in KPK was found to be 532.9 million cubic meter per year. The equivalent potential of electricity generation from biogas is 1,344200 GWh per year. FATA regions have the highest potential of biogas which is 22 percent of the total whereas district D.I. Khan has a potential of 8 percent of the total. From the results of multi prospect assessment of current biogas plants it was found that 26.67 percent of the total plants were dismantled. 60 percent of the plants were fixed dome type while 40 percent were floating type. 40 percent of the plants were funded by the government, 33.33 percent by the NGOs and 26.67 percent were constructed by user on their own finance. 100% of the user agreed that biogas helps in firewood reduction. 92.86 percent of the users complaint about the maintenance of plant as a major challenge. 64.29 percent of the users wanted storage of biogas facility in the plant. On average, Rs. 2130 per month per household were saved in energy expenditure of cooking fuel with the help of biogas. 40 percent of plants users were satisfied, 33.33 percent were highly satisfied and only 26.67 percent responded as not satisfied.

Author

Abd-Ur-Rehman: U.S.-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Zohaib Ur Rehman: U.S.-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Abd-Ur-Rehman and Zohaib Ur Rehman, Potential Assessment of Biogas and its Social Values in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 10 PP. 379-386 October 2019

References

[1] F. Fatai, K and Oxley, Les and Scrimgeour, “Modelling the causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP in New Zealand, Australia, India, Indonesia, The Philippines and Thailand,” Math. Comput. Simul., vol. 64, pp. 431–445, 2004.

[2] GOP, “Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19. Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.,” 2019.

[3] M. of Energy, Pakistan Energy Year Book 2018, no. 2018. 2018.

[4] I. Jan and W. Akram, “Willingness of rural communities to adopt biogas systems in Pakistan: Critical factors and policy implications,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 81, no. June, pp. 3178–3185, 2018.

[5] Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, “Household Integrated Economic Survey,” p. 2017, 2015.

[6] B. Pandey and S. Bajgain, “Feasibility Study of Domestic Biogas in Pakistan,” Rspn, no. July, pp. 1–38, 2007.

[7] J. Daniel-Gromke et al., “Current Developments in Production and Utilization of Biogas and Biomethane in Germany,” Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik. 2018.

[8] H. Oechsner, S. K. Khanal, and M. Taherzadeh, “Advances in Biogas Research and Application,” Bioresour. Technol., 2015.

[9] C. Sawatdeenarunat et al., “Anaerobic biorefinery: Current status, challenges, and opportunities,” Bioresource Technology. 2016.

[10] Y. Zhou et al., “A comprehensive review on densified solid biofuel industry in China,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016.

[11] M. Shan, D. Li, Y. Jiang, and X. Yang, “Re-thinking china’s densified biomass fuel policies: Large or small scale?,” Energy Policy, 2016.

[12] M. A. Sanz-Bobi, F. De Cuadra, and C. Batlle, “A review of key points of an industrial biogas plant. A European perspective,” in 2012 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA 2012, 2012.

[13] W. Uddin et al., “Biogas potential for electric power generation in Pakistan: A survey,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 54, pp. 25–33, 2016.

[14] GOP, “Pakistan Economic Survey 2017-18. Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.,” p. P: 13-32, 2018.

[15] J. B. Holm-Nielsen, T. Al Seadi, and P. Oleskowicz-Popiel, “The future of anaerobic digestion and biogas utilization,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 100, no. 22, pp. 5478–5484, Nov. 2009.

[16] H. Pathak, N. Jain, A. Bhatia, S. Mohanty, and N. Gupta, “Global warming mitigation potential of biogas plants in India.,” Environ. Monit. Assess., vol. 157, no. 1–4, pp. 407–18, Oct. 2009.

[17] K. C. Surendra, D. Takara, A. G. Hashimoto, and S. K. Khanal, “Biogas as a sustainable energy source for developing countries: Opportunities and challenges,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 31. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 846–859, 2014.

[18] B. Amigun, W. Parawira, J. K., A. O., and A. S., “Anaerobic Biogas Generation for Rural Area Energy Provision in Africa,” in Biogas, InTech, 2012.

[19] M. Lantz, M. Svensson, L. Björnsson, and P. Börjesson, “The prospects for an expansion of biogas systems in Sweden - Incentives, barriers and potentials,” Energy Policy, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 1819–1829, 2007.

[20] J. Lorimor, W. Powers, and A. Sutton, “Manure Characteristics - Manure Management Systems Series,” p. 24, 2018.

[21] C. Karaca, “Determination of biogas production potential from animal manure and GHG emission abatement in Turkey,” Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 205–210, 2018.

[22] Govt of Pakistan Statistics Division, “PAKISTAN LIVESTOCK CENSUS 2006,” 2006.

Design and Analysis of Neutral Grounding Transformer for Hydro Alternators

Vol. 6, Issue 10, PP. 374-378, October 2019

Published online Design and Analysis of Neutral Grounding Transformer for Hydro Alternators

ePub PDF

Abstract

Power Generators of high KVA rating especially that of hydropower plant are very much prone to the ground faults. Stator ground faults are the most common winding failure in generators. During stator ground faults, short circuit currents flow from the damaged phase to ground through the stator core. Experience has shown that stator ground fault damages are proportional to phase-to-ground fault current as well as fault duration. For that reason, Generator Neutral Grounding must be appliedin order to;

Limit phase-to-ground fault current.
Provide a means of stator ground fault detection.

There are various generator grounding classes and types available. In this paper, high-resistance grounding has been chosen. High-resistance generator neutral grounding scheme based on a grounding transformer with a secondary resistor. The advantage of the distribution transformer resistor combination is that the resistor used in the secondary is of comparatively low ohmic value and of rugged construction as compared to obtaining the same result by installing a high-ohmic, low-current resistor directly in the generator neutral. This research introduces some important and applicable practices which came from few years of practical as well as theoretical studies and discussions with some national and international power system experts. The research was made on the hydro power plants installed at Tarbela generating unit. The important parameters concerning the high impedance grounding of the generator were calculated. These results will be a kind of ready references for neutral grounding transformer design calculations and analysis.

Author

Muhammad Bais: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
Abdul Basit: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
Muhammad Sadiq: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority Peshawar, Pakistan
Israr Ahmad: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Muhammad Bais Abdul Basit Said Ali Muhammad Sadiq and Israr Ahmad, Design and Analysis of Neutral Grounding Transformer for Hydro Alternators, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 6 Issue 10 PP. 374-378 October 2019

References

[1] M. Gilany, O. Malik and A. Megahed, "Generator stator winding protection with 100% enhanced sensitivity", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 167-172, 2002. Available: 10.1016/s0142-0615(01)00018-7.

[2] B. Ravindranath and M. Chander, Power system protection and switchgear. New Delhi: New Age International, 2011.

[3] D. Reimert, Protective relaying for power generation systems. 2017.

[4] Y. Hase and Y. Hase, Handbook of power systems engineering with power electronics applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2013.

[5] The 10th IET International Conference on Development in Power Systems Protection (DPSP 2010). [Stevenage, Hertfordshire]: Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010.

[6] L. Hewitson, M. Brown and B. Ramesh, Practical power systems protection. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008.

[7] S. Horowitz and A. Phadke, Power system relaying. Chichester, England: Wiley/Research Studies Press, 2008.

[8] M. Kezunovic, J. Ren and S. Lotfifard, Design, modeling and evaluation of protective relays for power systems. 2015.

[9] J. Martínez-Velasco, Transient analysis of power systems. Chichester: Wiley, 2015.

[10] Y. Paithankar, Fundamentals of power system protection. Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited, 2014.

[11] W. Rebizant, J. Szafran and A. Wiszniewski, Digital signal processing in power system protection and control. London: Springer, 2011.

[12] L. Singh, Advanced power system analysis and dynamics. New Dehli: New Age International (P) Ltd., 2007.