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Detetion and Prevention of Irrelevent Data Through Data Cleansing

Published online https://doi.org/

Abstract

A file oriented unstructured data collected and transformed into the data warehouse .Two or more records identified separately actually represent same real world entity, detection and prevention to improve data quality. The proposed technique introduces smart tokens of most representative attributes by sorting those tokens identical records are bring into close neighborhood, record duplicates are identified and removed from the data. Clean consistent and non duplicated data loaded into warehouse. The technique is a mile stone for cleaning data as with the explosive amount of data recording it is the need of time that more corrected data to be provided to the data mangers for effective decisions making.

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Current Issue - 2026

Diagonally Loaded LMS Beamforming for Underwater Acoustic Arrays: Steady-State Limits and Robustness in Anisotropic, Impulsive, and Non-Stationary Noise

Vol. 13, Issue 10, PP. 72-83 October 2026

Published online https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23322183

ePub PDF

Abstract

Adaptive array processing is a key enabler of interference-resilient underwater acoustic (UWA) links, yet the noise seen by UWA receivers is spatially anisotropic, impulsive, and non-stationary, conditions under which low-complexity stochastic-gradient beamformers are poorly characterized. This paper analyzes the Griffiths-type least-mean-squares beamformer with diagonal loading and a power-normalized step size (LMS-DL) on a ten-element half-wavelength line array, and benchmarks it against sample-matrix-inversion (SMI-DL), normalized LMS (NLMS-DL), and exponentially weighted recursive-least-squares (EW-RLS-DL) beamformers. A closed-form approximation of the steady-state output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of LMS-DL is derived. It shows that the misadjustment is driven by the total output power, so the SINR saturates at 10log₁₀(2/γ) dB for step-size parameter γ; Monte Carlo simulations show the prediction is conservative and accurate to within 0.75 dB at SNR ≤ 10 dB. For a 10 dB signal and interferers at 20 and 40 dB, LMS-DL settles 3.3 dB below the optimum after about 10⁴ snapshots, whereas SMI-DL comes within 1 dB in 681 snapshots. In Cron–Sherman surface-generated noise the optimum gains 7.4 dB over white noise; SMI-DL recovers 6.4 dB of this gain but LMS-DL only 2.5 dB. Symmetric α-stable noise with α = 1.2 costs LMS-DL 5.6 dB, a loss that per-snapshot normalization (NLMS-DL) reduces to 0.3 dB. LMS-DL tracks a moving 40 dB interferer (worst-case loss 4.1 dB) but not a moving 20 dB interferer (13.3 dB). A link budget with Thorp absorption and Wenz noise shows that converged LMS-DL extends the QPSK range at a bit-error rate (BER) of 10⁻³ from 3.4 km to 15.2 km (optimum 16.0 km), but leaves an error floor of 2–5×10⁻⁵ at short range. The analysis yields design rules for the step size and for SNR-dependent loading in UWA array receivers.

Author

Sehrish, Athar Rasool, Dr. Syed Irfan Hussain, Hanan Ahmad Saeed

Cite

Sehrish, Athar Rasool, Dr. Syed Irfan Hussain, Hanan Ahmad Saeed “Recent Advantages of Chemiluminescence-Based Fully Automated Microfluidic Devices in the Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms” International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 13, Issue 10, PP. 72-83, October 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23322183.

References

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[6] M. Stojanovic and J. Preisig, “Underwater acoustic communication channels: Propagation models and statistical characterization,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 84–89, 2009, doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2009.4752682.

[7] P. van Walree, “Propagation and scattering effects in underwater acoustic communication channels,” IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 614–631, 2013, doi: 10.1109/JOE.2013.2278913.

[8] P. Qarabaqi and M. Stojanovic, “Statistical characterization and computationally efficient modeling of a class of underwater acoustic communication channels,” IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 701–717, 2013, doi: 10.1109/JOE.2013.2278787.

[9] M. Chitre, S. Shahabudeen, and M. Stojanovic, “Underwater acoustic communications and networking: Recent advances and future challenges,” Mar. Technol. Soc. J., vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 103–116, 2008, doi: 10.4031/002533208786861263.

[10] Z. Li, M. Chitre, and M. Stojanovic, “Underwater acoustic communications,” Nat. Rev. Electr. Eng., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 83–95, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s44287-024-00122-w.

Vaccination-Based Modelling for the Dynamics of COVID-19

Vol. 13, Issue 10, PP. 61-71 October 2026

Published online https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23320775

ePub PDF

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was a serious health issue in late 2019 and caused a huge number of deaths worldwide. Various mathematical models were constructed to predict and analyse the dynamics of COVID-19. In this study, we formulate a deterministic model that incorporates a vaccination compartment and some other important parameters. The disease-free and disease-present equilibria were analysed, and the analytical expression for the basic reproduction number was derived using the next-generation matrix approach. Stability of the system was checked using Jacobian and eigenvalue analysis. The analytical results establish that the system preserves biological feasibility, with all state variables remaining positive and bounded over time. The model dynamics and effect of key parameters on the transmission of COVID-19 are demonstrated through numerical simulations using the MATLAB ODE45 solver. We found that vaccination has a positive impact on controlling COVID-19 spread.

Author

Muhammad Masood, Zia Ullah Afridi, Atiqa Sarfaraz, Siraj Ahmad

Cite

Muhammad Masood, Zia Ullah Afridi, Atiqa Sarfaraz, Siraj Ahmad “Vaccination-Based Modelling for the Dynamics of COVID-19” International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 13, Issue 10, PP. 61-71 October 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23320775.

References

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[3]. Khan, A., Zarin, R., Hussain, G., Ahmad, N. A., Mohd, M. H., & Yusuf, A. (2020). Stability analysis and optimal control of COVID-19 with convex incidence rate in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (Pakistan), Results Phys., 20 (2021), 103703. Crossref, Web of Science.

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[9]. Jdid, T., Benbrahim, M., Kabbaj, M. N., & Naji, M. (2024). A vaccination-based COVID-19 model: Analysis and prediction using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Heliyon, 10(19).

[10]. Li, C. Z., Lü, X., Gong, J. J., & Lei, Y. (2025). Extended SEIR model of COVID-19 spread focusing on compartmental flow in England: C. Li et al. Nonlinear Dynamics, 113(1), 971-988.

Recent Advantages of Chemiluminescence-Based Fully Automated Microfluidic Devices in the Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms

Vol. 13, Issue 07, PP. 49-60 July 2026

Published online https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21551530

ePub PDF

Abstract

The integration of chemiluminescence and microfluidics has led to significant advances in pathogen detection and represents an excellent platform to build fast, sensitive and miniaturized diagnostic tools. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in chemiluminescent microfluidic biosensors, describing device integration, signal amplification approaches, and automation for assay performance. With developments including CRISPR-Cas detection, enzyme catalysis, and amplification approaches for isothermal amplification and AI-integrated fluid control, the enhancements offered through next-generation detection systems support improvements in detection sensitivity and throughput. Recent products for pathogens, including E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and respiratory viruses, are also discussed with a focus on lab-on-a-disc and smartphone-based diagnostics. Detected limits and/or reproducibility are analyzed, where relevant, to understand performance and considerations for subsequent implementation at scale and real-world applications. Finally, it considers future perspectives in the field with a discussion on standardization of assays, device fabrication costs and regulation, routine (point-of-care) use of chemiluminescent microfluidic systems, and write-up optimization of modules or diagnostic approaches. Considering the above, chemiluminescent microfluidic systems are positioned and act as game-changers or valuable tools for global health surveillance, food safety, and the practice of personalized medicine, providing transformative diagnostics in centralized laboratory settings and low-resource settings.

Author

Shah Muhammad Adnan, Md. Mudassir Chowdhury, Daloar Hossan, Mohammed Imran Hossain, Muhammad Tahir Zaman

Cite

Shah Muhammad Adnan, Md Mudassir Chowdhury, Daloar Hossan, Mohammes Imran Hossain, Muhammad Tahir Zaman “Recent Advantages of Chemiluminescence-Based Fully Automated Microfluidic D, Vol. 13, Issue 07, PP. 49-60, July 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21551530.,

References

[1] J. Sun et al., “An Automated Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Chemiluminescence Immunoassay,” in Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024. doi: 10.1109/EMBC53108.2024.10782768.

[2] S. Duan et al., “Automated Offline Smartphone-Assisted Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Biomarker Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease,” in Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024. doi: 10.1109/EMBC53108.2024.10781517.

[3] E. Huang, Y. Wang, N. Yang, B. Shu, G. Zhang, and D. Liu, “A fully automated microfluidic PCR-array system for rapid detection of multiple respiratory tract infection pathogens”, doi: 10.1007/s00216-021-03171-4/Published.

[4] B. Bao, X. Tian, R. Wang, and D. Li, “A Microfluidic Platform Based on Magnetic Labels for Rapid Mixing, Trapping and Detection of Biomarkers,” in Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024. doi: 10.1109/SENSORS60989.2024.10784618.

[5] J. Lee, A. T. Abafogi, T. J. Lee, and S. Park, “Automated Sample Treatment System for Enhanced Molecular Pathogen Detection in Blood,” Biochip J, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s13206-025-00193-3.

[6] S. Cui, K. Wang, Y. Yang, X. Lv, and X. Li, “An integrated and paper-based microfluidic system employing LAMP-CRISPR and equipped with a portable device for simultaneous detection of pathogens,” Anal Bioanal Chem, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s00216-024-05693-z.

[7] J. P. Neto et al., “Open-source tool for real-time and automated analysis of droplet-based microfluidic,” Lab Chip, vol. 23, no. 14, pp. 3238–3244, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1039/d3lc00327b.

[8] M. Xie, T. Chen, Z. Cai, B. Lei, and C. Dong, “An All-in-One Platform for On-Site Multiplex Foodborne Pathogen Detection Based on Channel-Digital Hybrid Microfluidics,” Biosensors (Basel), vol. 14, no. 1, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.3390/bios14010050.

[9] H. Tavakoli et al., “A microfluidic fully paper-based analytical device integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification and nano-biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific quantitative detection of infectious diseases,” Lab Chip, vol. 22, no. 23, pp. 4693–4704, 2022, doi: 10.1039/D2LC00834C.

[10] C. J. Kim et al., “Fully automated platelet isolation on a centrifugal microfluidic device for molecular diagnostics,” Lab Chip, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 949–957, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1039/c9lc01140d.

AI-Driven Smart Electric Vehicles: A Revolutionary Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Transportation

Vol. 13, Issue 06, PP. 39-49 June 2026

Published online https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21550138

ePub PDF

Abstract

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration into Electric Vehicles (EVs) is revolutionizing automotive industry by solving critical problems related to sustainable transportation. This comprehensive review examines the revolutionary impact of AI applications in EVs, focusing on four key domains: capabilities of autonomous driving, sophisticated smart charging infrastructure, state of the art in battery management systems and predictive maintenance. It describes how by analyzing current implementations and future technologies, AI native solutions ensure energy efficiency, enhanced safety protocol, optimized user experience and reduce environmental impacts. First, the paper conducts a critical exploration of ethical issues in AI, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and accident accountability, and draws up frameworks for robust deployment of responsible AI systems. Finally, the paper also touches on the future ideas of V2G technology being used in a real life scenario, developing Level 5 autonomous vehicles and eco-driving systems and how they can possibly be implemented for higher sustainability and better human machine environment cooperation. Deep diving into technical advancements and ethical implications, they take a closer look at how AI powered EVs can quickly put the world on track for a green transportation revolution with responsible technological deployment.

Author

Shah Muhammad Adnan, Md. Mudassir Chowdhury, Muhammad Abobakar Sadiq, Daloar Hossan, Khan Jawad, Muhammad Tahir Zaman

Cite

Shah Muhammad Adnan, Md Mudassir Chowdhury, Muhammad Abobakar Sadiq, Daloar Hossan, Khan Jawad, Muhammad Tahir Zaman “AI-Driven Smart Electric Vehicles: A Revolutionary Paradigm Shift in Susta, Vol. 13, Issue 06, PP. 39-49, June 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21550138., ,

References

[1] M. Ahmed, Y. Zheng, A. Amine, H. Fathiannasab, and Z. Chen, “The role of artificial intelligence in the mass adoption of electric vehicles,” Joule, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 2296–2322, 2021.

[2] J. K. Verma, R. Kanday, and S. Gupt, “Role of artificial intelligence in revolutionizing the automotive industry: A review,” in E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 556, p. 01039, EDP Sciences, 2024.

[3] E. Lukin, A. Krajnovic, and J. Bosna, “Sustainability strategies and´ achieving sdgs: A comparative analysis of leading companies in the automotive industry,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 4000, 2022.

[4] H. Rehan, “The future of electric vehicles: Navigating the intersection of ai, cloud technology, and cybersecurity,” Valley International Journal Digital Library, pp. 1127–1143, 2024.

[5] M. Mosayebi, M. Gheisarnejad, H. Farsizadeh, B. Andresen, and M. H. Khooban, “Smart extreme fast portable charger for electric vehiclesbased artificial intelligence,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 586–590, 2022.

[6] V. Sumanasena, L. Gunasekara, S. Kahawala, N. Mills, D. De Silva, M. Jalili, S. Sierla, and A. Jennings, “Artificial intelligence for electric vehicle infrastructure: Demand profiling, data augmentation, demand forecasting, demand explainability and charge optimisation,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 5, p. 2245, 2023.

[7] M. H. Lipu, M. S. Miah, T. Jamal, T. Rahman, S. Ansari, M. S. Rahman, R. H. Ashique, A. Shihavuddin, and M. N. Shakib, “Artificial intelligence approaches for advanced battery management system in electric vehicle applications: A statistical analysis towards future research opportunities,” Vehicles, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 22–70, 2023.

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[9] M. H. Abbasi, Z. Arjmandzadeh, J. Zhang, B. Xu, and V. Krovi, “Deep reinforcement learning based fast charging and thermal management optimization of an electric vehicle battery pack,” Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 95, p. 112466, 2024.

[10] S. P. Mahardhika and O. Putriani, “A review of artificial intelligenceenabled electric vehicles in traffic congestion management,” in ICSEDTI 2022: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Development and Technological Innovation, ICSEDTI 2022, 11-13 October 2022, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia, p. 255, European Alliance for Innovation, 2023

MEMS-Based Biosensor Design and Microfabrication for Tear Glucose Sensing

Vol. 13, Issue 03, PP. 22-38, March 2026

Published online https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19124891

ePub PDF

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring using smart contact lenses offers a promising non-invasive alternative for diabetes management; however, reliable wireless power delivery and integration of rigid microelectronic components into soft contact lens substrates remain significant engineering challenges. This study presents a battery-free smart contact lens platform integrating MEMS biosensors with a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for real-time tear glucose monitoring. The system employs a near-field communication (NFC) inductive coupling architecture operating at 13.56 MHz, incorporating a miniaturized microcoil embedded within a transparent SU-8/PDMS composite to maintain optical clarity and biocompatibility. A peripheral active-zone integration strategy places electronic components outside the optical region, ensuring unobstructed vision while maximizing power transfer efficiency. The power management module integrates a multi-stage rectifier and a high-efficiency buck–boost converter fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate, achieving conversion efficiencies exceeding 95%. Experimental evaluation demonstrates a wireless power transfer efficiency of 31.4%, delivering a stable continuous power supply of 30–35 mW suitable for sustained biosensor operation and wireless telemetry. A supercapacitor-based energy buffering system further stabilizes transient load variations during data transmission. To enable reliable integration on curved substrates, a sacrificial-layer flattening technique and compliance-based stress mitigation framework were developed, ensuring mechanical reliability and long-term lens comfort. The proposed architecture establishes a scalable wireless power and integration framework for next-generation wearable biosensing platforms, enabling clinically deployable smart contact lenses for continuous, non-invasive glucose monitoring in diabetic patients.

Author

Fahad Riaz, Longbing Heb, Shaikh Sabieh

Cite

Fahad Riaz, Longbing Heb, Shaikh Sabieh “MEMS-Based Biosensor Design and Microfabrication for Tear Glucose Sensing, Vol. 13, Issue 03, PP. 22-38, March 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19124891.,

References

[1] J. P. McCulley and W. D. Mathers, “Structure and function of the lacrimal secretory system,” in Ocular Surface Disease: Cornea, Conjunctiva and Tear Film, Elsevier, 2013, pp. 38–51.

[2] B. V. Norm and J. L. Foulks, “The tear film,” in Dry Eye Disease: The Clinician’s Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment, Thieme, 2015, pp. 12–34.

[3] M. Y. Su, J. Z. Ma, H. Zhang, and W. C. Knudtson, “A comparison of tear glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 3714–3719, 2002.

[4] S. Kallenborn-Gerhardt, A. J. Schilling, P. Atanasov, and J. Kruth, “Non-invasive glucose monitoring using tear glucose sensors,” Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 180–191, 2017.

[5] J. Y. Lee, J. K. Park, and S. J. Park, “Tear glucose measurement for non-invasive diabetes monitoring,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 047001, 2015.

[6] Yildirim, A. Atanasov, J. Gonzales, and R. Bhatia, “Correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose in diabetic patients,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 167, pp. 35–41, 2016.

[7] R. Markert, U. Staub, and S. Frey, “Temporal dynamics of tear glucose in response to blood glucose changes,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 459–467, 2021.

[8] M. Bao, Y. Gong, X. Zhou, and L. Li, “Real-time kinetic analysis of tear-blood glucose relationship,” Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 165, p. 112413, 2020.

[9] K. C. Park, S. H. Lee, and J. W. Kim, “First-order kinetic modeling of tear glucose response to blood glucose excursions,” Journal of Diabetes Research, vol. 2021, p. 8837416, 2021.

[10] M. Parviz, “Augmented reality in a contact lens,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 30–35, 2009.

Adaptive Gradient-Enhanced PINNs for Numerical Solution of Convection-Diffusion Equation

Vol. 13, Issue 02, PP. 13-21, February 2026

Published online https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18753514

ePub PDF

Abstract

Physics-Informed Neural networks (PINNs) are mesh-free Deep Learning (DL) framework to solve Partial Differential equations (PDEs). This technique embeds physical laws directly into the training process, enabling the solution of forward and inverse problems governed by PDEs. Unlike traditional neural networks, PINNs incorporate the governing equations, initial conditions, and boundary conditions directly into the loss function. Automatic differentiation in PINNs avoids truncation errors and ensures high precision enforcing the governing equations. Despite their advantages, PINNs face several challenges. PINNs struggle to solve Convection-Diffusion Equations (CDEs), particularly at the region where the convection term dominated. To overcome this problem, an extended form of PINNs is discussed here. Adaptive Gradient-enhanced PINNs (AG-PINNs) are extensions of PINNs, where Residual-based Adaptive Refinement (RAR) and the derivatives of the governing equations are also enforced during training. However, adding gradient constraints leads to over-constraining the network, increased computational cost, and inefficient learning in smooth regions. This motivates RAR, which improves the solution accuracy while avoiding over-constraining the neural network in smooth regions. In this paper we discuss convection-diffusion equation with high Péclet number. As Pé increased the convection terms dominated so it become challenging for standard PINNs, to mitigate these challenges AG-PINNs is used. AG-PINNs is better than standard PINNs which is shown in this paper by comparing results of AG-PINNs with standard PINNs technique. This work is carried out through Python Jupiter Notebook in a deepXDE library.

Author

Javeed Ahmad

Cite

Javeed Ahmad “Adaptive Gradient-Enhanced PINNs for Numerical Solution of Convection-Diffusion Equation” International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 13, Issue 02, PP. 13-21, February 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18753514.

References

[1] J. Cadena-Morales, C. L´opez-Castro, J. Alba-Maldonado, Applications of differential equations to model the physical phenomenon of heat transfer with an internal energy source, in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2102, IOP Publishing, 2021, p. 012018.

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[8] X. Yu, K. Lan, J. Wu, Green’s functions, linear second-order differential equations, and one-dimensional diffusion advection models, Studies in Applied Mathematics 147 (1) (2021) 319–362.

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Styrene Butadiene Rubber and Plastic Bottle Wastes as Sustainable Materials in Hot Mix Asphalt

Vol. 13, Issue 02, PP. 22-40, February 2026

Published online https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18782799

ePub PDF

Abstract

Environmental concerns associated with waste tires and plastic bottles have driven the adoption of recycling-based modifiers to enhance pavement performance. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing Styrene–Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and Plastic Bottle Waste (PBW) as sustainable modifiers in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Modified asphalt mixtures were prepared with PBW and SBR contents ranging from 2% to 10% by weight of the Optimum Binder Content (OBC). The performance of conventional and modified mixtures was evaluated using Marshall Stability, rutting resistance, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and microstructural and chemical characterization through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Results indicate that a 6% modifier content provides optimum performance enhancement, leading to significant improvements in stability, tensile strength, rut resistance, thermal stability, and stiffness. Microstructural analyses confirmed improved binder–modifier interactions and enhanced material compatibility. Comparatively, SBR demonstrated superior performance improvements over PBW, indicating its higher effectiveness as an asphalt modifier. In addition to mechanical benefits, the incorporation of SBR and PBW offers substantial environmental advantages by reducing landfill disposal and incineration, thereby lowering the associated carbon footprint. Overall, the findings support the use of recycled SBR and PBW as cost-effective, durable, and environmentally sustainable alternatives for producing high-performance asphalt mixtures, contributing to extended pavement service life and sustainable infrastructure development.

Author

Salman Khan, Fazli Karim, Hafiz Adil Shah, Sangeen Khan

Cite

Salman Khan, Fazli Karim, Hafiz Adil Shah, Sangeen Khan “Styrene Butadiene Rubber and Plastic Bottle Wastes as Sustainable Materials in Hot Mix Asphalt” International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 13, Issue 02, PP. 22-40, February 2026. https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.18782799.

References

[1] M. Sasidharan, M. E. Torbaghan, and M. Burrow, Using Waste Plastics in Road Construction. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, 2019.

[2] E. Ahmadinia, M. Zargar, M. R. Karim, M. Abdelaziz, and P. Shafigh, “Using waste plastic bottles as additive for stone mastic asphalt,” Materials & Design, vol. 32, pp. 4844–4849, 2011.

[3] F. Xu, Y. Zhao, and K. Li, “Using waste plastics as asphalt modifier: A review,” Materials, vol. 15, p. 110, 2021.

[4] F. Karim, “Waste cooking oil as sustainable rejuvenator in recycled asphalt pavement,” Technical Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, p. 17, Sep. 2024.

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Investigation of Superelasticity of Iron based Shape Memory Alloy

Vol. 13, Issue 01, PP. 07-12, January 2026

Published online https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18242902

ePub PDF

Abstract

Iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs) have recently attracted significant attention as cost-effective and mechanically robust alternatives to conventional Ni–Ti alloys for smart structural and engineering applications. This study investigates the superelastic behavior of an iron-based shape memory alloy through systematic mechanical characterization under controlled loading–unloading conditions. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to evaluate stress–strain response, reversible strain capacity, critical transformation stresses, and hysteresis behavior associated with stress-induced martensitic transformation and reverse transformation. The influence of cyclic loading on superelastic stability, energy dissipation, and residual strain accumulation was also examined. Microstructural observations were correlated with mechanical responses to elucidate the role of phase transformation mechanisms in governing superelastic performance. The results demonstrate that the investigated Fe-based alloy exhibits pronounced superelasticity with substantial recoverable strain and stable cyclic behavior, highlighting its potential for applications in vibration control, seismic damping, and adaptive structural components. The findings provide fundamental insight into the deformation and recovery mechanisms of Fe-based SMAs and contribute to the development of reliable, large-scale superelastic materials for civil and mechanical engineering systems.

Author

Hamza Kamran, Rana Atta ur Rahman, Ahmed Usman Yasir

Cite

Hamza Kamran, Rana Atta ur Rahman, Ahmed Usman Yasir “Investigation of Superelasticity of Iron based Shape Memory Alloy” International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 13, Issue 01, PP. 07-12, January 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18242902.

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