International Journal of Engineering Works

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An Analytical Approach to Find DG Integration Capacity by Load Analysis

Published online https://doi.org/

Comparative Analysis of Capacitance Finding Techniques of a Solar Cell

Published online https://doi.org/

Abstract

Variable capability of the PV module depends on the ability of the photovoltaic cell to be standard. Finding this parameter is not as easy. The finding of capacitance of photovoltaic cell needs high accuracy instrument. Two ways are going to be mentioned during this analysis, one is Electrical phenomenon spectrographic analysis (IS) and alternative one is RLC circuit methodology. The most straight forward methodology for locating capacitance a PV module. The electrical event spectroscopy is the most common way to check the dynamic nature of PV modules. Supported by these methods, the AC parameters, capacitors and dynamic and series registrations of photovoltaic cells will be set. Check out the following signal (Voltage or Current) device. The test device electrical effect will be calculated by taking significant AC voltage and current. The test device electrical effect spectrum will be detected by AC signal frequency variable. Duty equivalent circuit is supported, its components will be determined by capacitance in case of serial fitting method and parallel resistance and photovoltaic cell. Electronic devices are constructed as a load of photovoltaic cells. The ability of photovoltaic cells to detect the frequency of oscillation of gas by menstrual cycle, which happens promptly to connect the electrical device to a photovoltaic cell. By assembling completely different Indicators in photovoltaic cells. The frequency effect on photovoltaic cell capacities has been studied considering the low intensity of capacitance with frequency. This analysis introduces an easy and effective methodology to work out the electrical Capacitance of the photovoltaic cell.

Author

Raheel Khan: Department of Electrical Engineering,Uet Peshawar, Pakistan

Waseem Ullah Faiz: Department of Electrical Engineering,Uet Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

References

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Kumar, R.A.; Suresh, M.S.; Nagaraju, J. Silicon (BSFR) solar cell AC parameters at different temperatures. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2005, 85, 397–406. [CrossRef]
Kim, K.A.; Seo, G.S.; Cho, B.H.; Krein, P.T. Photovoltaic Hot-Spot Detection for Solar Panel Substrings Using AC Parameter Characterization. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2016, 31, 1121–1130. [CrossRef]
Rauschenbach. S. Solar Cell Design Handbook. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand, 1980.
Hailing Wang, Ten-Lon Chen, and Gennady Gildenblat, Quasi-static and Nonquasi- static Compact MOSFET Models http://pspmodel.asu.edu/downloads/ted03.pdf
Mary Anne Tupta, “Evaluating Performance of Photovoltaic Cells” Keithley Instruments, October 2010.
Mary Anne Tupta, “Evaluating Performance of Photovoltaic Cells” Keithley Instruments, October 2010
William Liu (2001). MOSFET Models for Spice Simulation. New York: Wiley- Interscience. pp. 42– 44. ISBN 0-471-39697-4.
https://www.gamry.com/application-notes/EIS/basics-of-electrochemical- impedance- spectroscopy/
1R. A. Kumar, M.Sc. ~Eng.! thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, 2000.
R Mac Donald, W.B Jhonson, Impedance spectroscopy, wiley Newyork,1987

Implementation of Energy Management System in Power Generation from Gas Processing Field of Pakistan Oil and Gas Sector

Published online https://doi.org/

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Current Issue - 2021

Flow Velocity Simulation of Wind Turbines by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Vol. 8, Issue 02, PP. 73-78, February 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8027378

ePub PDF

Abstract

Rapid transition towards renewable, wind is having potential of 14TW. Flow simulations attracted worldwide scholars to optimize wind power production and wind farms. In present work NREL 3MW wind turbine under k-ε RANS model is simulated at two velocities i.e. 10m/s and 15m/s to calculate the flow and pressure distribution over wind turbine. With these variables velocity magnitude, dynamic pressure, wake effect and turbulent dissipation rate results are generated, compared and analyzed. Accurate results are shown in near wake regions. At 10m/s fluctuations in velocity magnitude are recorded less, which leads to less pressure drop and less intensified wake downstream, The distance covered by 2nd wake is recorded more while at 15m/s there are more fluctuations in velocity magnitude this results more pressure drop and provide favorable conditions for turbulent wakes. The distance of 1st and 2nd wake is recorded almost equal while the 1st wake intensity is more. The computational time by k-ε model require less time and provide good results.

Author

Hammad ur Rahman: Department of Energy Management & Sustainability (EnMS) (UET Peshawar)

Syed Faisal Shah: Department of Energy Management & Sustainability (EnMS) (UET Peshawar)

Abdullah Jamshaid: Department of Energy Management & Sustainability (EnMS) (UET Peshawar)

Muhammad Usama: Department of Thermal System Engineering, Center for Advanced studies in Energy (UET Peshawar)

Cite

Hammad ur Rahman , Syed Faisal Shah, Abdullah Jamshaid, Muhammad Usama “Flow Velocity Simulation of Wind Turbines by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)�, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 02, PP. 73-78, February 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8027378., ,

References

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[4] A. Crespo, J. Hernandez, and S. Frandsen, “Survey of modelling methods for wind turbine wakes and wind farms,” Wind Energy: An International Journal for Progress and Applications in Wind Power Conversion Technology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–24, 1999.

[5] S. McTavish, S. Rodrigue, D. Feszty, and F. Nitzsche, “An investigation of in-field blockage effects in closely spaced lateral wind farm config-urations,” Wind Energy, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 1989–2011, 2015.

[6] M. Ghasemian, Z. N. Ashrafi, and A. Sedaghat, “A review on computa-tional fluid dynamic simulation techniques for darrieus vertical axis wind turbines,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 149, pp. 87–100, 2017.

[7] D. W. R. Zhang, “Aerodynamic analysis of the wind turbine by two different numerical methods,” ICCM2019, pp. 381–390, Jul. 2019.

[8] e. a. Choi, Nak, “”cfd study on aerodynamic power output changes with inter-turbine spacing variationfor a 6 mw offshore wind farm.”,” Energies, pp. 7483–7498., Nov. 2014.

[9] H. Dong, S. Cao, T. Takemi, and Y. Ge, “Wrf simulation of surface wind in high latitudes,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 179, pp. 287–296, 2018.

[10] K. R. P. C. J.M. Prospathopoulos, E.S. Politis, “Evaluationof the effects of turbulence model enhancements on wind turbine wake predictions we.419,” Wind Energy 14 (2, pp. 285–300, Feb. 2011.

[11] R. J. Barthelmie, S. C. Pryor, S. T. Frandsen, K. S. Hansen, J. Schepers,

Rados, W. Schlez, A. Neubert, L. Jensen, and S. Neckelmann, “Quantifying the impact of wind turbine wakes on power output at offshore wind farms,” Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1302–1317, 2010.

[12] L. Vermeer, J. N. Sørensen, and A. Crespo, “Wind turbine wake aerodynamics,” Progress in aerospace sciences, vol. 39, no. 6-7, pp. 467–510, 2003.

[13] K. Grogg, “Harvesting the wind: the physics of wind turbines,” Physics and Astronomy Comps Papers, vol. 7, 2005.

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[15] R. J. Barthelmie, S. T. Frandsen, M. Nielsen, S. Pryor, P.-E. Rethore, and H. E. Jørgensen, “Modelling and measurements of power losses and turbulence intensity in wind turbine wakes at middelgrunden offshore wind farm,” Wind Energy: An International Journal for Progress and Applications in Wind Power Conversion Technology, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 517–528, 2007.

[16] A. Inc, “Ansys fluent theory guide,” 2013.

[17] T. Ahmad, “Wind farm coordinated control and optimisation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Durham University, 2017.

[18] M. H. Baloch, G. S. Kaloi, and Z. A. Memon, “Current scenario of the wind energy in pakistan challenges and future perspectives: A case study,” Energy Reports, vol. 2, pp. 201–210, 2016.

[19] R. Barthelmie, S. Frandsen, K. Hansen, J. Schepers, K. Rados, Schlez, A. Neubert, L. Jensen, and S. Neckelmann, “Modelling the impact of wakes on power output at nysted and horns rev,” in European wind energy conference, 2009.

[20] B. Sanderse, S. Van der Pijl, and B. Koren, “Review of computational fluid dynamics for wind turbine wake aerodynamics,” Wind energy, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 799–819, 2011.

[21] M. I. C. Cabezon´ D, Sanz J, “A. cfd modeling of the interaction between the surface boundary layer and rotor wake. comparison of results obtained with different turbulence models and mesh strategies,” European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition,Marseille, 2009.

[22] S.N.P.E.C..Z Radoos KG, Prospathopouloss,JMM,”A cfd modeling is issues of wind turbine waless under stable atmospheric conditions,” European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition Marsile 2008.

Design Analysis of Mini/Micro Hydro Power Generation Plants in Northern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 68-72, February 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8026872

ePub PDF

Abstract

Energy access in global challenge faced by more than 1 billion people. Pakistan, to address the challenge, has developed access strategy of decentralized energy system. In northern hilly areas of country, Hydel resource has been tapped through mini-micro hydro projects. However, the sites are remotes located in hilly terrain, making transportation of machinery a challenging task increasing initial cost. Similarly, loss of head caused by slope in water channels and laborious construction of concrete channel in rigid and sharp rocks further aggravates the situation. This study undertakes case studies of mini-micro Hydel power projects and looks for technically feasible solutions. New design techniques have been revealed relying on piping and pumping of water and construction composition. Concrete channel is replaced by piping structure and water is pumped from intake to fore bay at different angles of inclination and pipe diameters and accordingly the pump power is observed. Due to variation in slope, the net head also varies which has a direct impact on the output power from the plant. The power of pump is subtracted of the power generated by the plant which results in net power. Two actual design examples are considered from a rural area of Pakistan and using statistical analysis techniques the influence on the total output power is analyzed under different scenarios.

Author

Muhammad Asif: Department of Energy Management and Sustainaibility,US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy

Tahir Junaid: Department of Energy Management and Sustainability, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies Energy

Zafar Ullah: Department of Energy Management and Sustainability,US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy

Najeeb Ullah: Department of Energy Management and Sustainability,US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy

Cite

Muhammad Asif, Tahir Junaid, Zafar Ullah, Najeeb Ullah “Design Analysis of Mini/Micro Hydro Power Generation Plants in Northern District, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 02, PP. 63-67, February 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8026367., , , ,

References

[1] S. V. Jain and R. N. Patel, "Investigations on pump running in turbine mode: A review of the state-of-the-art," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 30, pp. 841-868, 2014

[2] G. Case and W. D. Marscher, "Centrifugal pump, mechanical design, analysis and testing," in Proceedings of the 18th International Pump users Symposium, Texas,USA, 2001, pp. 1-16.

[3] M. De Marchis, C. M. Fontanazza, G. Freni, A. Messineo, B. Milici, E. Napoli, et al.,"Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks. Implementation of Pumps as Turbine in a Dynamic Numerical Model," Procedia Engineering, vol. 70, pp. 439-448, 2014.

[4] A. Gurbuz, "The role of Hydropower in sustainable development," European Water Publication, vol. 13, pp. 63-70, 2006.

[5] F. Louwinger, "Case study of Ingula and Lima Pumped Storage Schemes," Energize, vol. Generation: Hydropower plants, pp. 40-44, 2008.

[6] S. Rehman, L. M. Al-Hadhrami, and M. M. Alam, "Pumped hydro energy storage system: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 44, pp. 586-598, 2015

[7] GEA, "Manual for the Design of Pipe Systems and Pumps," G. M. Equipment, Ed., ed. Am Industriepark 2-10, 21514 Büchen, 2012, pp. 16-23.

[8] M. T. Gatte and R. A. Kadhim, "Hydro Power," in Energy Conservation, A. Z. Ahmed, Ed., ed Ministry of Sciences and Technology, Babylon Department, Hilla, Iraq: In Tech, pp. 1-30, 2012.

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[13] C. P. Jawahar, P. A. Michael, A review on turbines for micro hydro power plant. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 72 (2017), pp. 882–887.

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[19] N. F. Yah, A. N. Oumer, M. S. Idris, Small scale hydro-power as a source of renewable energy in Malaysia: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 72 (2017), pp. 228–239.

[20] V. K. Singh, S. K. Singal, Operation of hydro power plants-a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 69 (2017), pp. 610–619

Comparison of Sound Pressure Level of Conventional and Modified Mufflers by using CFD Analysis

Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 63-67, January 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8016367

ePub PDF

Abstract

The reduction of noise emitted from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine is a real challenge for all automotive industries. Mufflers are designed to reflect sound waves produced by the engine in such a way as to cancel the effect of each other by destructive interference between the incoming waves from the engine cylinder and reflected waves from the muffler of 2 stroke motorbike engine. Numerical simulation is carried out to study the sound pressure level (SPL) and flow variables like velocity and pressure of conventional and proposed modified reactive muffler. In the numerical investigation of Conventional muffler and modified muffler, the path of exhaust gases in which it flows is analyzed through large eddy simulation and then Fflowcs Williams and Hawking model are utilized to predict the Sound pressure level of the conventional muffler and modified mufflers by using the time flow history of large eddy Simulation at the receiver location and the result of proposed modified muffler is compared with the conventional muffler. By comparing the Sound pressure level (SPL) results of conventional and modified mufflers show that the sound pressure level of the modified muffler - 01 are 5dB less than the conventional muffler and the sound pressure level of the modified muffler - 02 are 15dB less than the conventional muffler which produces sound pressure level of 80dB. The output velocity of exhaust gases is also drop down from 259.1 m/s of the conventional muffler to 182 m/s in modified design-2. So the stack pressure inside the expansion chamber of modified muffler-02 is less than the conventional muffler which creates high backpressure so our objective is achieved.

Author

Zahoor Ullah: Department of Mechanical Engineering UET, Peshawar, Pakistan

Hassan Ahmed: Department of Mechanical Engineering NED, Karachi, Pakistan

Kareem Akhtar: Department of Mechanical Engineering UET, Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Zahoor Ullah, Hassan Ahmed, Dr. Kareem Akhtar “Comparison of Sound pressure Level of Conventional and Modified Mufflers by , International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 63-67, January 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8016367., , ,

References

[1]. Selvaraj, N.V., and N.N. Deshmukh, Experimental and Simulation Study to Reduce Engine Noise. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016. 9(34).

[2]. Tutunea, D., M. Calbureanu, and M. Lungu, The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of fluid dynamics performances of a resistance muffler. Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Heat & Mass Transfer, 2013: p. 31-34.

[3]. Liu, K., et al., Flow-induced noise simulation using detached eddy simulation and the finite element acoustic analogy method. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2016. 8(7): p. 1687814016655683.

[4]. Puneetha, C., H. Manjunath, and M. Shashidhar. Backpressure Study in Exhaust Muffler of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine using CFD Analysis.

[5]. P. B. p. D. Suyog s.Mane, "CFD analysis of Backpressure of the reactive muffler," IJIERT, December 2016.

[6]. A. L. V. prof Amar pandhare, "CFD Analysis of flow through muffler to Selectoptimium muffler model of Ci engine," IJLTET, May 2014.

[7]. K. Pradyumna saripalli, "Cfd Analysis on flow through a resistive muffler of LCV engine," IJSTS, June 2015.

[8]. Pangavhane, S. D. ( Oct-Nov 2013). Experimental and CFD Analysis of a Perforated Inner Pipe Muffler for the Prediction of Backpressure. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET) 11.

[9]. Mr. Sumit Surveet all M. S. (2014).Acoustics and Flow Field Analysis of Perforated muffler design

[10]. Kai Liu et all. Flow-induced noise simulation using detached eddy simulation and the finite element acoustic analogy method (2016).Advances in Mechanical Engineering,

[11]Sileshi kore et all.Performance evaluation of reactive muffler using cfd Department of mechanical engineering Addis Ababa institute of technology Addis Ababa university.

[12] Mr.Zahoor Ullah received a degree in B.SC Mechanical engineering from the University of engineering & technology in Peshawar Pakistan in 2015. Currently, he is pursuing an M.S degree in dynamic System engineering from the University of engineering & technology in Peshawar Pakistan.His main research interest in the field of acoustic.

Energy Efficiency Assessment and Implementation Plans with reference to the Case of Chashma Sugar Mills Unit-1 Dera Ismail Khan

Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 54-62, January 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8015462

ePub PDF

Abstract

Energy efficiency assessment is an important tool to save energy and improve the financial gain of an Organization. Almost all the Small and Medium enterprises conducting energy audit in order to save energy and minimize energy consumption per unit product. The energy conservation is a cost effective with short payback period and modest investment. There is a bright scope of energy conservation in Pakistan in various sectors like Sugar. Textile, Cement, Fertilizer, Agriculture, Chemical process, Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industries. Pakistan is among the world’s top-10 sugarcane producers, the potential of producing electricity from bagasse is huge. Currently there are around 83 Sugar Mills in Pakistan producing about 3.5 Million metric tons of Sugar per year with total crushing capacity 597900 TCD.which cane produce approximately 3000 MW electricity during crushing season. In Pakistan most of the industries are still using the out dated technologies; inefficient equipment’s and are following inefficient operating practices. But some of the progressive industries have already using the up to dated and efficient technology and are reaping the benefits of reduced energy consumption. This paper shows the Comparison of specific energy consumption of inefficient machineries and energy efficient machineries in Chashma Sugar mill unit-1 District Dera Ismail Khan. Before implementation of efficient machineries bagasse consumption per ton sugar production was 2.35 Tons, Sugar losses in bagasse was 1.98 (pol % bagasse), steam economy was 48.2 % and bagasse saving was 70368 per season. After implementation of up to dated and energy efficient technologies the stated valves will be 1.75 Tons, 1.7 %, 35 % & 138613 Tons per season respectively. The overall energy saving is 25 % with a payback period of less than 03 years.

Author

Umar Hayat:

Muhammad Naeem Khan:

Cite

Umar Hayat and Muhammad Naeem Khan “Energy Efficiency Assessment and Implementation Plans with Ref, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 54-62, January 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8015462., , , ,

References

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Solar Energy Technical Potentials Analysis of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa based on GIS and Multi-Criteria Method

Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 47-53, January 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8014753

ePub PDF

Abstract

Pakistan is located just above the tropic of Cancer; this offers most optimal locations on the globe for Photovoltaic power generation. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has an average solar insolation value more than 5.0KWh/m²/day, which is very appropriate for Photovoltaic deployment. But Photovoltaic power generation trend shows considerably less progress in this region. The aim of this research is to assess the solar potential for photovoltaic power generation in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province by identifying feasible sites both technically and economically for a utility-scale solar power park installation. The feasible sites were identified using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. This process uses Multi-Criteria Analysis method to meet different criteria such as solar irradiation, slope and aspect combined with proximity to transmission lines and roads plus a number of limiting factors. The final results showed that 8% (8,000 km²) of the research area is highly suitable for installing utility-scale photovoltaic parks. A total of 18 sites with suitability value of 9 and area greater than 6 km² have been identified in South and South western part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In addition, 70 areas of suitability value between 7 and 8 having areas 2-4 km² have been identified. Calculations were carried out to find the technical potential for power generation. The results showed that appropriate amount of feasible areas are available for large scale PV installations, with adequate power generation potential.

Author

Asif Zarin: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Asif Zarin “Solar Energy Technical Potentials Analysis of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa based on GIS and Mult, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 47-53, January 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8014753., , , , , , , ,

References

[1] International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) Online available https://www.irena.org/

[2] C. P. Castillo, C. Lavalle, and F.B. Silva, " An assessment of the regional potential for solar power generation in EU-28" Energy Policy 24 October 2015.

[3] M. Tahri, M. Hakdaoui, M. Maanan “The evaluation of solar farm locations applying Geographic Information System and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods: Case study in southern Morocco” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,vol. Vol.51, , pp.1354-136, November 2015.

[4] F. Albuyeh and A. Ipakchi, “Grid of the future” IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 52–62, 24 Feb 2009.

[5] H. Z. Al Garni, and A. Awasthi “Solar PV power plant site selection using a GIS-AHP based approach with application in Saudi Arabia,” Applied Energy, vol. 206, pp. 1225–1240,15 Nov 2017.

[6] A. Naseeb and M. Ramadhan "The cost benefit analysis of implementing photovoltaic solar system in the state of Kuwait" Renewable Energy, vol 36 (4), pp.1272–1276. 23 Oct 2010.

[7] A. Lopez, D. Beckley and E. Doris, " Geospatial Analysis of Renewable Energy Technical Potential on Tribal Land" CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, February 2013.

[8] J. R. Janke, “Multicriteria GIS modeling of solar and wind farms in Colorado,” Renewable Energy, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 2228–2234, October. 2010.

[9] C. H. Antunes, J. M. Sánchez-Lozano, L. C. Dias and M. S. García-Cascales, “GIS based photovoltaic solar farms site selection using ELECTRE-TRI, Evaluating the case for Torre Pacheco, Murcia, Southeast of Spain,” Renewable Energy, vol. 66, pp. 478–494, Jun. 2014.

[10] A.A. Merrouni, A. Mezrhab and A. Mezrhab, “PV sites suitability analysis in the Eastern region of Morocco,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessment, vol.18, Dec 2016.

[11] O. Nait Mensour B.El Ghazzani B. Hlimi A.Ihlal “A geographical information system-based multi-criteria method for the evaluation of solar farms locations: A case study in Souss-Massa area, southern Morocco” Enery, Vol. 182, 1 Sept 2019.

[12] A. Zakaria, M. L. Sabo, M. A. Mohd Radzi, N. Mariun and H. Hizam, “Spatial matching of large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power generation with utility demand in Peninsular Malaysia,” Applied Energy, vol. 191, pp. 663–688, 1 April 2017.

[13] A. Paduru, D. Hurlbut, D. Corbus, E. Ibanez, P. Schwabe, M. Hand, G. Brinkman,V.Diakov, and M. Milligan, “California-Wyoming Grid Integration Study Phase 1 Economic Analysis California-Wyoming Grid Integration Study Phase 1 — Economic Analysis,” 2014.

[14] E. B. Mondino, R. Chiabrando and E. Fabrizio, “Site Selection of Large Ground Mounted Photovoltaic Plants, A GIS Decision Support System and an Application to Italy,” International Journal of Green Energy, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 515–525,8 Dec 2014.

[15] M. Welsch, D. Mentis, O. Broad and H. Ronger “A GIS based approach for Electrification planning, A case study on Nigeria,” Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 29, pp. 142–150, 28 Sept 2015.

[16] A. Gastli and Y. Charabi, “PV site suitability analysis using GIS-based spatial fuzzy multi-criteria evaluation,” Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 2554–2561, Sep. 2011.

[17] A. Miller and B. Lumby, “Utility Scale Solar Power Plants - A Guide for Developers,”2012.

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Performance Evaluation of Micro Hydro Power Plant using Cross Flow Turbines in Northern Pakistan

Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 41-46, January 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8014146

ePub PDF

Abstract

Micro Hydro-power Plants (MHPs) play a key role in electrification and economic development of remote rural areas where the government grid system power supply is limited. A field study was conducted to evaluate the performance of crossflow turbines in District Shangla, Pakistan during 2019. The relevant data was collected to find the actual and potential power produced, transmission losses, number of households served and installed capacity of MHPs for detailed analyses. A relatively higher power was generated by MHPs with flow discharges ranged from 0.600 to 0.800 m3/s and head of about 10.00 m. The power produced at generation points varied from 8.496 to 48.574 KW with overall average of 25.782±11.971 KW. About two-third of the MHPs performance in term of average overall efficiency (67.56±11.63%) was found higher as compared to the overall efficiency (37.80±8.79%) of the remaining one-third of MHPs where the installation was not according to the site requirements. The number of Households per MHP ranged from 15 to 250 with overall average of 88±55 and energy demand of 1420±474 watts per household. The total transmission line loss in MHPs studied varied from 0.08 to 1.84 per km with overall average of 0.71±0.58 KW per km. With proper design and installation of MHPs more energy can be generated to minimize the gap between demand and supply in the rural areas.

Author

Ahmad Jamal: Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Amjad Ullah Khattak: Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Ahmad Jamal and Amjad Ullah Khattak “Performance Evaluation of Micro Hydro Power Plant using Cross, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 41-46, January 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8014146., , , , , , , ,

References

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Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete Based on Ansys Composite Model

Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 37-40, January 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8013740

ePub PDF

Abstract

In order to study different carbon fiber contents and it’s influences on mechanical properties of concrete, ANSYS materials composites were synthesized to carry out numerical simulation. Here are the results of numerical analysis: The addition of carbon fiber composite can greatly improve the compressive strength of concrete. Among them, the mechanical properties of concrete with 1% carbon fiber content and 2% carbon fiber content are basically the same, but there is no clear improvement in flexural performance. Therefore, the enhancement of mechanical properties of concrete by fiber is closely related to its content. The study of the change between them can effectively reduce the loss of fiber, but also conducive to the promotion of fiber reinforced concrete.

Author

Zhao Xiaolong: College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650000, Kunming China. Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Efficient Urban and Rural Water Safety and Water Saving and Emission Reduction, 650000, Kunming China.

Ismail Shah: Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Efficient Urban and Rural Water Safety and Water Saving and Emission Reduction, 650000, Kunming China. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650000, Kunming China.

Zhai Pingyu: College of Foreign Languages, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan China.

Fan Xiaoya: College of Water Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, 6500000, Kunming China. College of Foreign Languages, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan China.

Wang Jing: Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Efficient Urban and Rural Water Safety and Water Saving and Emission Reduction, 650000, Kunming China. College of Water Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, 6500000, Kunming China.

Cite

Zhao Xiaolong, Ismail Shah, Zhai Pingyu, Fan Xiaoya, Wang Jing “Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete Based on Ans, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 37-40, January 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8013740., , , , ,

References

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Saradar, A., et al., Restrained shrinkage cracking of fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete. Fibers, 2018. 6(1): p. 12.
Xu, J.-J., et al., Recycled aggregate concrete in FRP-confined columns: a review of experimental results. Composite Structures, 2017. 174: p. 277-291.
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Analysis of Health of Transformer using Different Loading Conditions

Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 31-36, January 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8013136

ePub PDF

Abstract

Transformer is one of the most crucial and expensive part of the power system. Any failure in its components may cause major loss to the economy of a country. The healthy operation of the transformer actually ensures the reliable and secure operation of the power system. Keeping in mind the importance of the transformer, this study mainly focuses on the online health monitoring of the transformer in order to detect the fault in its initial stages. This study provides cost effective, real time online monitoring system for the health of the transformer. Real-time data of the transformer is recorded through phasor measurement unit (PMU). Signal to noise ratio (SNR) of voltage and current of the transformer has been calculated. The width of signal to noise ratio is employed as an indicator for the occurrence of fault in the transformer. When transformer operates in its normal conditions the width of SNR band is small, when fault occurs in the transformer the width of SNR band starts to increase. As fault in the transformer continues to increase the width of SNR also increases. Thus this technique can help the transformer operators to take significant steps in order to mitigate the fault before major accidents.

Author

Shazmina Jamil: U.S Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar

Aehtsham-Ul-Haq: U.S Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar

Cite

Shazmina Jamil , Aehtsham-Ul-Haq “Analysis of Health of Transformer Using Different Loading Conditions”, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 01, PP. 31-36, January 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.8013136.

References

[1] Masoum, A.S., Hashemnia, N., Abu-Siada, A., Masoum, M.A. and Islam, S.M., 2017. Online transformer internal fault detection based on instantaneous voltage and current measurements considering impact of harmonics. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 32(2), pp.587-598.

[2] Thangavelan, M., Prabavathi, K. and Ramesh, L., 2013. Review on Power Transformer Internal Fault Diagnosis. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 14, pp.372-377.

[3] Henault, P., 2011, May. Detection of internal arcing faults in distribution transformers. In Transmission and Distribution Construction, Operation and Live-Line Maintenance (ESMO), 2011 IEEE PES 12th International Conference on (pp. 1-7). IEEE.

[4] Prasetiyono Hari Mukti , Feby Agung Pamuji, Buyung Sofiarto Munir., 2014. Implementation of Artificial Neural Networks for Determining Power Transfomer Condition.In ADCONP ,pp.473-477

[5] Z. Moravej *, S. Bagheri., 2015. Condition Monitoring Techniques of Power Transformers: A Review. Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 71-82

[6] Drasko Furundzic, Zeljko Djurovic, Vladimir Celebic, and Iva Salom., 2012. Neural Network Ensemble for Power Transformers Fault Detection.IEEE NEURAL 11th symposium on neural network application in electrical engineering,NEURAL-2012, pp 247-251