In Press

Data Papers in press yet.

Sorry for the Inconvenience

Current Issue - 2020

Comparative Analysis of PV System Performance in Different Environmental Conditions

Vol. 7, Issue 11, PP. 394-400, November 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.711394400

ePub PDF

Abstract

Apart from many other factors the overall performance of PV depends on temperature and solar irradiance because as the day progresses the energy received by PV panels from the sun changes and temperature also changes throughout the day. In this paper effects of temperature and solar irradiance variation were studied on a 240V PV panels maximum power, efficiency, and fill factor. The model is designed in Simulink/Matlab software which has two variable inputs in the form solar irradiance and temperature and three output parameters i.e. efficiency, fill factor and maximum power. First the performance parameters are observed under STC conditions and then one of the input is changed from STC whereas the other one is kept constant. At the end the second input is varied whereas the first one is held at STC. Simulations were performed and results obtained in terms of maximum power, efficiency and fill factor shows percent variation from its reference value for every one degree centigrade change in temperature and for every 20W/m2 change in the solar irradiance.

Author

Muhammad Azaz: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar.

Sajad Ullah: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar.

Jawad Ul Islam: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar.

Cite

Muhammad Azaz, Sajad Ullah, Jawad Ul Islam, “Comparative Analysis of PV System Performance in Different Environmental Conditions”, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 11, PP. 394-3400, November 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.711394400., ,

References

[1] Darwish, Z.A., et al., Impact of some environmental variables with dust on solar photovoltaic (PV) performance: review and research status. International J of Energy and Environment, 2013. 7(4): p. 152-159.

[2] Singh, G.K., Solar power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: A review. Energy, 2013. 53: p. 1-13.

[3] Pandiarajan, N. and R. Muthu. Mathematical modeling of photovoltaic module with Simulink. in 2011 1st International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems. 2011. IEEE.

[4] Touati, F., et al., Investigation of solar PV performance under Doha weather using a customized measurement and monitoring system. Renewable Energy, 2016. 89: p. 564-577.

[5] Aksakal, A. and S. Rehman, Global solar radiation in northeastern Saudi Arabia. Renewable Energy, 1999. 17(4): p. 461-472.

[6] Kim, I.-S., Robust maximum power point tracker using sliding mode controller for the three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system. Solar Energy, 2007. 81(3): p. 405-414.

[7] Van Dyk, E., et al., Temperature dependence of performance of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. South African Journal of Science, 2000. 96(4).

[8] Kawajiri, K., T. Oozeki, and Y. Genchi, Effect of temperature on PV potential in the world. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011. 45(20): p. 9030-9035.

[9] Dubey, S., J.N. Sarvaiya, and B. Seshadri, Temperature dependent photovoltaic (PV) efficiency and its effect on PV production in the world–a review. Energy Procedia, 2013. 33: p. 311-321.

[10] Kane, A.N. and V. Verma, Performance enhancement of building integrated photovoltaic module using thermoelectric cooling. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 2013. 3(2): p. 320-324.

Optimization of Shape, Size and Material of Plasmonic Nano Particles in Thin Film Solar Cell

Vol. 7, Issue 11, PP. 390-393, November 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.711390393

ePub PDF

Abstract

In this study we present optimized shape, size and material of plasmonic nanoparticles in thin film solar cell. For this purpose, we chose silicon active layer solar cell, on the top of active layer another layer of silicon dioxide was used as antireflection coating. Thickness of ARC layer was kept 71nm. On the top of ARC layer metallic nanoparticles were placed. Parameters of NP’s such as shape, size and material were varied. Respective variations in the absorption of light in the active silicon layer were observed respectively. Absorption patterns were plotted against wavelength range of 400nm to 1400nm of incident light radiation using Finite Element Method (FEM). Results revealed the most optimized size and shape of nanoparticles that can contribute to the absorption of light in the active layer of the solar cell. Results also distinguished the best material for nanoparticle.

Author

Asadullah: University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan, U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E)

Fazal E Hilal: University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan, U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E)

Cite

Asadullah, Fazal E Hilal, Optimization of Shape, Size and Material of Plasmonic Nano Particles in Thin Film Solar Cell, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 11, PP. 390-393, November 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.711390393., ,

References

[1] A. D. Khan and G. Miano, "Higher order tunable Fano resonances in multilayer nanocones," Plasmonics, vol. 8, pp. 1023-1034, 2013.

[2] A. D. Khan and G. Miano, "Investigation of plasmonic resonances in mismatched gold nanocone dimers," Plasmonics, vol. 9, pp. 35-45, 2014.

[3] A. D. Khan and M. Amin, "Tunable salisbury screen absorber using square lattice of plasmonic nanodisk," Plasmonics, vol. 12, pp. 257-262, 2017.

[4] A. D. Khan, A. D. Khan, S. D. Khan, and M. Noman, "Light absorption enhancement in tri-layered composite metasurface absorber for solar cell applications," Optical Materials, vol. 84, pp. 195-198, 2018.

[5] W. Farooq, A. D. Khan, M. Khan, and J. Iqbal, "Enhancing the absorption and power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells," International journal of engineering works, vol. 6, pp. 94-97, 2019.

[6] S. Jamal, A. D. Khan, and A. D. Khan, "High performance perovskite solar cell based on efficient materials for electron and hole transport layers," Optik, p. 164787, 2020.

[7] W. Farooq, A. D. Khan, A. D. Khan, A. Rauf, S. D. Khan, H. Ali, et al., "Thin-Film Tandem Organic Solar Cells With Improved Efficiency," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 74093-74100, 2020.

[8] F. E. Subhan, A. D. Khan, F. E. Hilal, A. D. Khan, S. D. Khan, R. Ullah, et al., "Efficient broadband light absorption in thin-film a-Si solar cell based on double sided hybrid bi-metallic nanogratings," RSC Advances, vol. 10, pp. 11836-11842, 2020.

[9] F. E. Subhan, A. D. Khan, A. D. Khan, N. Ullah, M. Imran, and M. Noman, "Optical optimization of double-side-textured monolithic perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells for improved light management," RSC Advances, vol. 10, pp. 26631-26638, 2020

The Reliability Analysis of PV Panels Installed in KP Region

Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 384-389, October 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710384389

ePub PDF

Abstract

Reliability and long term performance of photovoltaic (PV) system is of vital importance in switching from conventional sources to sustainable one. Design, study and analysis of key components in a photovoltaic power system starting from generation of power to withstands number of climatic stresses and uninterrupted power supply plays a key role. One of the key elements in photovoltaic system is photovoltaic module. Also power generated in photovoltaic system is dependent on a source of energy that changes in every instant and with the passage of time during its operation .Hence it is paramount to build a long lasting photovoltaic module and analyze characteristics of the PV module under various conditions. This paper presents an efficient PV module based on PV equivalent circuit model using MATLAB/Simulink, and compared the simulated model results with manufacturer’s specifications like peak current, peak voltage, open circuit voltage and short circuit current .Also the performance of the module under variation of series resistance, irradiation, and temperature are analyzed. Data from five different areas across KP are noted and the results were Simulated and compared with the rated data.

Author

Jawad Ahmad: MSc. Student EESE UET Peshawar

Cite

Jawad Ahmad, The Reliability Analysis of PV Panels Installed in KP Region, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 384-389, October 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710384389., ,

References

[1] I. Ulfat, F. Javed, F. A. Abbasi et al., “Estimation of solar energy potential for Islamabad, Pakistan,” Energy Procedia, vol. 18, pp.1496–1500, 2013.

[2] M. Ashraf Chaudhry, R. Raza, and S. A. Hayat, “Renewable energy technologies in Pakistan: prospects and challenges,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, no. 6-7, pp. 1657–1662, 2009.

[3] Wohlgemuth, J. H., Cunningham, D. W., Nguyen, A. M., Miller, J., “Long Term Reliability of PV Modules,” Proceedings of the 20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 2005

[4] Pandiarajan N, Muthu R (2011) Mathematical modeling of photovoltaic module with Simulink. International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES 2011), p 6

[5] Salmi T, Bouzguenda M, Gastli A, Masmoudi A (2012) Matlab/simulink based modelling of solar photovoltaic cell. Int J Renew Energy Res 2(2):6

Response of Maize Yield Parameters to Different Inter Row Spacings and Sowing Methods

Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 379-383, October 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710379383

ePub PDF

Abstract

A field work was conducted to evaluate the response maize yield parameters to different inter row spacing and sowing methods in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in 2019. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for setting the experiment. All the treatments were replicated three times in the experiment. Five treatments i.e. S1 (Flat sowing with inter row spacing 0.60 m), S2 (Ridge-Furrow sowing with inter row spacing 0.60 m), S3 (Ridge-Furrow sowing with inter row spacing 0.75 m), S4 (Bed sowing with inter row spacing 0.60 m, in two row sowing, bed width 0.60 m) and S5 (Bed sowing with row spacing 0.75 m, in two row sowing, bed width 0.60 m) were evaluated. After performing the statistical analysis of the recorded data, it was noted that flat treatment S1 produced statically significant (P<0.05) higher kernel number (4.74 × 107 ha-1). While S5 produced minimum (3.52 × 107 ha-1) kernel number. Statistically no difference was observed in kernel number for S2, S3 and S4. Similarly, no significant difference was examined for number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row and number of kernels per ear among the different sowing methods. Therefore, it was concluded that to maximize maize kernel number (yield) it is suggested to use the flat method of sowing keeping the inter row spacing 0.60 m.

Author

Cite

Shakir Ali1, Zia Ul Haq, Abdul Malik, Response of Maize Yield Parameters to Different Inter Row Spacings and Sowing Methods, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 379-383, October 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710379383., , , , , ,

References

[1] M. Zamir, G. Yasin, H. Javeed, A. Ahmad, A. Tanveer, and M. Yaseen, "Effect of different sowing techniques and mulches on the growth and yield behavior of spring planted maize (Zea mays L.)," Cercetari agronomice in Moldova, vol. 46, pp. 77-82, 2013.

[2] Y. Niu, L. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. Han, and X. Peng, "Estimating Above-Ground Biomass of Maize Using Features Derived from UAV-Based RGB Imagery," Remote Sensing, vol. 11, p. 1261, 2019.

[3] P. Ranum, J. P. Peña‐Rosas, and M. N. Garcia‐Casal, "Global maize production, utilization, and consumption," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1312, pp. 105-112, 2014.

[4] Á. Kovács, "Modelling of maize plant by the discrete element method," 2019.

[5] S. A. Raza, Y. Ali, and F. Mehboob, "Role of agriculture in economic growth of Pakistan," International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 2012.

[6] K. Jabran, A. Zahid, and M. Faroo, "Maize: cereal with a variety of uses," DAWN–Business. Available on the: http://wwwdawn. com/2007/03/12/ebr5. htm, 2007.

[7] M. Ayub, R. Ahmad, A. Tanveer, and I. Ahmad, "Fodder yield and quality of four cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) under different methods of sowing," Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 232-234, 1998.

[8] A. Saberi, "Effects of Plant Density and Planting Patterns on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (Zea mays L.) HSC 704 Cultivar," Int J Clin Med Info, vol. 2, pp. 18-23, 2019.

[9] K. A. Gomez and A. A. Gomez, Statistical procedures for agricultural research. Philippines: John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

[10] M. Abuzar, G. Sadozai, M. Baloch, A. Baloch, I. Shah, T. Javaid, et al., "Effect of plant population densities on yield of maize," The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, vol. 21, pp. 692-695, 2011.

[11] A. Hashemi‐Dezfouli and S. Herbert, "Intensifying plant density response of corn with artificial shade," Agronomy Journal, vol. 84, pp. 547-551, 1992.

[12] J. Bakht, M. F. Siddique, M. Shafi, H. Akbar, M. Tariq, N. Khan, et al., "Effect of planting methods and nitrogen levels on the yield and yield components of maize," Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 23, p. 553, 2007.

[13] W. D. Widdicombe and K. D. Thelen, "Row width and plant density effects on corn grain production in the northern Corn Belt," Agronomy Journal, vol. 94, pp. 1020-1023, 2002

Improving Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cell

Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 375-378, October 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710375378

ePub PDF

Abstract

Efficiency and stability are the main challenges of organic solar cells. In this research novel structure is investigated for organic solar cell which has improved efficiency and improved stability. Blend of PTB7 and PCBM elements was used for the active layer of cell. Thickness of this layer was varied from 80nm to 200nm and selected the optimized thickness of 90nm. On which the cell has maximum efficiency of 12.24 %. The influence of window layer material such as Zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) with various electrode materials including Indium tin oxide (ITO), Fluorine tin oxide (FTO), aluminum (Al) Silver (Ag) and Gold (Au) with different combinations have been investigated with the objective to enhance the absorption and PCE of the cell. Also varied the thicknesses of these different layers and selected the optimized thickness on which the cell had maximum efficiency. The structure of the proposed scheme was observed with ITO/Al as top and bottom electrode with thicknesses of 125nm and 100nm respectively and found that this holds the highest performance parameters including Jsc=0.130(mA/m2), Voc= 1 (V), FF=94.1% and ƞ=12.24% respectively as compared to different electrode combination and window layers with the same photoactive absorber material PTB7: PCBM. This indicates that the proposed structure can be a good choice for replacing less efficient in-organic cell.

Author

Muhammad Zeeshan: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Cite

Muhammad Zeeshan, Improving Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cell, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 375-378, October 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710375378., , ,

References

[1] Goetzberger, A., J. Luther, and G. Willeke, Solar cells: past, present, future. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2002. 74(1-4): p. 1-11.

[2] Bagher, A.M., Comparison of organic solar cells and inorganic solar cells. International Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2014. 3(3): p. 53-58.

[3] Goetzberger, A., J. Knobloch, and B. Voss, Crystalline silicon solar cells. New York, 1998: p. 114-118.

[4] Green, M.A., Corrigendum to ‘Solar cell efficiency tables (version 46)’[Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2015; 23: 805–812]. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 2015. 23(9): p. 1202-1202.

[5] Sahare, S.A., Enhancing the Photovoltaic Efficiency of a Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell. 2016.

[6] Winder, C., et al., Sensitization of low bandgap polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. Thin Solid Films, 2002. 403: p. 373-379.

[7] Zhang, F., et al., High photovoltage achieved in low band gap polymer solar cells by adjusting energy levels of a polymer with the LUMOs of fullerene derivatives. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2008. 18(45): p. 5468-5474.

[8] Tang, C.W., Two‐layer organic photovoltaic cell. Applied physics letters, 1986. 48(2): p. 183-185.

[9] 松本真哉, et al., 真空蒸着膜におけるビスアゾメチン色素の J 会合体. 色材協会誌, 2006. 79(11): p. 503-510.

[10] Peet, J., et al., Efficiency enhancement in low-bandgap polymer solar cells by processing with alkane dithiols. Nature materials, 2007. 6(7): p. 497-500.

[11] Schlenker, C.W. and M.E. Thompson, The molecular nature of photovoltage losses in organic solar cells. Chemical Communications, 2011. 47(13): p. 3702-3716.

[12] Chen, C.-C., et al., Visibly transparent polymer solar cells produced by solution processing. ACS nano, 2012. 6(8): p. 7185-7190.

[13] Li, J. and N. Wu, Semiconductor-based photocatalysts and photoelectrochemical cells for solar fuel generation: a review. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2015. 5(3): p. 1360-1384.

[14] Verploegen, E., et al., Manipulating the morphology of P3HT–PCBM bulk heterojunction blends with solvent vapor annealing. Chemistry of Materials, 2012. 24(20): p. 3923-3931.

[15] Jørgensen, M., et al., Stability of polymer solar cells. Advanced materials, 2012. 24(5): p. 580-612.

[16] Zhao, J., et al., Phase diagram of P3HT/PCBM blends and its implication for the stability of morphology. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2009. 113(6): p. 1587-1591.

[17] Ouyang, J., Solution-processed PEDOT: PSS films with conductivities as indium tin oxide through a treatment with mild and weak organic acids. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2013. 5(24): p. 13082-13088.

[18] Lipomi, D.J., et al., Electronic properties of transparent conductive films of PEDOT: PSS on stretchable substrates. Chemistry of Materials, 2012. 24(2): p. 373-382.

[19] Lang, U., N. Naujoks, and J. Dual, Mechanical characterization of PEDOT: PSS thin films. Synthetic Metals, 2009. 159(5-6): p. 473-479.

[20] Burgelman, M., et al., Modeling thin‐film PV devices. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 2004. 12(2‐3): p. 143-153.

[21] Farooq, W., et al., Enhancing the absorption and power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. International journal of engineering works, 2019. 6: p. 94-97.

[22] MacKenzie, R.C., et al., Modeling nongeminate recombination in P3HT: PCBM solar cells. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011. 115(19): p. 9806-9813.

[23] Hanfland, R., et al., The physical meaning of charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage transients from organic solar cells. Applied Physics Letters, 2013. 103(6): p. 063904.

[24] Deschler, F., et al., Increasing organic solar cell efficiency with polymer interlayers. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2013. 15(3): p. 764-769.

[25] MacKenzie, R.C., et al., Extracting microscopic device parameters from transient photocurrent measurements of P3HT: PCBM solar cells. Advanced Energy Materials, 2012. 2(6): p. 662-669.

[26] Koster, L.J.A., et al. Performance enhancement of poly (3-hexylthiophene): methanofullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells. in Organic Photovoltaics VII. 2006. International Society for Optics and Photonics.

[27] Koster, L., V. Mihailetchi, and P. Blom, Ultimate efficiency of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. Applied Physics Letters, 2006. 88(9): p. 093511.

[28] Apaydın, D.H., et al., Optimizing the organic solar cell efficiency: role of the active layer thickness. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2013. 113: p. 100-105.

[29] Hanna, M. and A. Nozik, Solar conversion efficiency of photovoltaic and photoelectrolysis cells with carrier multiplication absorbers. Journal of Applied Physics, 2006. 100(7): p. 074510.

[30] Fabiano, S., et al., Role of photoactive layer morphology in high fill factor all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011. 21(16): p. 5891-5896.

[31] Vandewal, K., et al., The relation between open‐circuit voltage and the onset of photocurrent generation by charge‐transfer absorption in polymer: fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. Advanced Functional Materials, 2008. 18(14): p. 2064-2070.

Enhancing Service Life of Power Transformer through Inhibiting the Degradation of Insulating oil by New Approach

Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 369-374, October 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710369374

ePub PDF

Abstract

Oil reclamation is a transformer insulation reconditioning technique which may be used as on-line or off-line. However, there is a need of evidence showing the effect of this process on conditions of the paper insulation, which indeed affects the life span of a transformer. This research work focuses on oil reclamation experiment on an old retired distribution transformer. Electrical testing and post-mortem analysis of the transformer were conducted, aimed at investigating the design aspects and collecting information on the insulation conditions prior to the oil reclamation. Temperature and moisture sensors were installed to monitor the conditions within the transformer during the oil reclamation [2]. The experimental process of transformer Oil reclamation was performed into two phases, with regular oil sampling to analyze the changes in key oil parameters, namely acidity number (AN), moisture and breakdown voltage (BV). This was accompanied by paper sampling at the end of each reclamation cycle to study the effects of oil reclamation on properties, particularly moisture, LMA and degree of polymerization. The transformer which was used for the entire experimental process was about 45 years old, 200kVA, 1100 / 415-240V distribution transformer. In order to study the long-term effect of oil reclamation, oil samples were collected from an on-site reclamation exercise performed in a laboratory-accelerated thermal ageing experiment. Oil samples collected before and after the reclamation were aged alongside new oils for comparison [4]. Through the regular monitoring and measurement of oil parameters (AN, moisture and BD strength) over 144 hours and paper parameters (LMA, moisture and DP) at specific stages of phase 1, it was observed that the transformer oil-paper insulation system was significantly improved.

The entire research work was performed into two phases (phase 1 and phase 2). The “phase 1” was aimed to improve and restore the oil parameters comparable to the parameters of new oil as specified in “IEC-60296” and its effect on the paper insulation. “Phase 2” was aimed to compare the life span of reclaimed oil filled transformer with the transformer in which aged oil has been replaced by new oil[6]. Effective study of oil reclamation was analyzed through laboratory accelerated aging experiment and real time application on a 45 years old transformer. Through the regular monitoring and measurement of oil parameters (AN, moisture and BD strength) over 144 hours and paper parameters (LMA, moisture and DP) at specific stages of phase1, it was observed that the transformer oil-paper insulation system was significantly improved [15].

Author

Yasir Khan: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Muhammad Iftikhar Khan: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Yasir Khan and Muhammad Iftikhar Khan, Enhancing Service Life of Power Transformer through Inhibiting the Degradation of Insulating oil by, International Journal of Engineering Works, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710369374.,

References

[1] A. J. Kachler and I. Hohlein, "Aging of cellulose at transformer service temperatures. Part 1: Influence of type of oil and air on the degree of polymerization of pressboard, dissolved gases, and furanic compounds in oil," IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 21, pp. 15-21, 2005.

[2] J. Schneider, A. J. Gaul, C. Neumann, J. Hogräfer, W. Wellßow, M. Schwan, and A. Schnettler, "Asset management techniques," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 28, pp. 643-654, 2006.

[3] A. Jahromi, R. Piercy, S. Cress, J. Service, and W. Fan, "An approach to power transformer asset management using health index," IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 25, pp. 20-34, 2009.

[4] D. F. García, B. Garcia, and J. C. Burgos, "Modeling power transformer field drying processes," Drying Technology, vol. 29, pp. 896-909, 2011.

[5] J. Almendros-Ibaez, J. C. Burgos, and B. Garcia, "Transformer field drying procedures: a theoretical analysis," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 24, pp. 1978-1986, 2009.

[6] Q. L. N. Azis, Z.D. Wang, D. Jones, B. Wells ,G.M. Wallwork, "Experience of Oil Re-generation on a 132 kV Distribution Transformer," presented at the International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD), 2014.

[7] W. G. A.-. (Declerq), "“Thermal performance of Transformers”, Technical brochure No 393," CIGRE, 2010.

[8] P. Jarman, Z. Wang, Q. Zhong, and T. Ishak, "End-of-life modelling for power transformers in aged power system networks," in CIGRE 6th Southern Africa regional conference, 2009.

[9] B. Pahlavanpour, R. Linaker, and E. Povazan, "Extension of life span of power transformer by on-site improvement of insulating oils," in 6th International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications, 1992, pp. 260-263.

[10] T. Rouse, "Mineral insulating oil in transformers," IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 14, pp. 6-16, 1998.

[11] P. Hodges, Hydraulic fluids: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996.

[12] M. Heathcote, J & P transformer book: Newnes, 2011.

[13] A. Emsley and G. Stevens, "Review of chemical indicators of degradation of cellulosic electrical paper insulation in oil-filled transformers," IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, vol. 141, pp. 324-334, 1994.

[14] L. E. Lundgaard, W. Hansen, D. Linhjell, and T. J. Painter, "Aging of oil-impregnated paper in power transformers," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 19, pp. 230-239, 2004.

[15] E. Brancato, "Insulation aging a historical and critical review," IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, pp. 308-317, 1978.

[16] A. White, "The desired properties and their effect on the life history of insulating papers used in a fluid-filled power transformer," in IEE Colloquium on Assessment of Degradation Within Transformer Insulation Systems, 1991, pp. 4/1-4/4

Designing and Analysis of Single Stage and Two Stage PV Inverter Connected to Weak Grid System

Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 361-368, October 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710361368

ePub PDF

Abstract

In this research paper design, analysis and comparison of single stage and two stages Photovoltaic inverter connected to weak grid system is executed in terms of their maximum power point tracking, DC link voltage regulation, power factor and overall efficiency. Majority of the commercial and industrial loads are inductive in nature and result in a very low lagging power factor. However renewable energy sources have no reactive power generation and lagging power factor results in a weak grid system. For this purpose control mechanism comprises of three objectives is proposed in this research paper. These objectives are to obtain highest amount of power from photovoltaic array, the power must be deliver from photovoltaic array into the utility grid at unity power factor and to maintain desired voltage at the input of the inverter. In order to achieve these objectives nonlinear control mechanism of Photovoltaic inverter connected to weak grid system is established and implemented based on accurate mathematical modeling and by using Backstepping technique and Lyapunov Stability analysis. PI controller is used for the purpose to maintain desired voltage at input of the inverter according to the requirement of inverter. Both single stage and two stage models are developed and simulated in Simulink/Matlab environment.

Author

Naveed Malik: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy(USPCAS-E), UET, Peshawar

Sami Ullah: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy(USPCAS-E), UET, Peshawar

Amir Khan: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy(USPCAS-E), UET, Peshawar

Farhan Ullah: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy(USPCAS-E), UET, Peshawar

Cite

Naveed Malik, Sami Ullah, Amir Khan and Farhan Ullah, Designing and Analysis of Single Stage and Two Stage PV Inverter Connected to Weak Grid System, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 361-368, October 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710361369., , , , ,

References

D. Poponi, “Analysis of diffusion paths for photovoltaic technology based on experience curves,” Sol. Energy, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 331–340, Apr. 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00151-8.

[2] Fangrui Liu, Yong Kang, Yu Zhang, and Shanxu Duan, “Comparison of P&O and hill climbing MPPT methods for grid-connected PV converter,” in 2008 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Singapore, Jun. 2008, pp. 804–807, doi: 10.1109/ICIEA.2008.4582626.

[3] N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, and M. Vitelli, “Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 963–973, Jul. 2005, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2005.850975.

[4] B. M. T. Ho and H. S.-H. Chung, “An Integrated Inverter With Maximum Power Tracking for Grid-Connected PV Systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 953–962, Jul. 2005, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2005.850906.

[5] Bo Yang, Wuhua Li, Yi Zhao, and Xiangning He, “Design and Analysis of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 992–1000, Apr. 2010, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2036432.

[6] Yeong-Chau Kuo, Tsorng-Juu Liang, and Jiann-Fuh Chen, “Novel maximum-power-point-tracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversion system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 594–601, Jun. 2001, doi: 10.1109/41.925586.

[7] A. Koran, K. Sano, and R.-Y. Kim, “Design of a Photovoltaic Simulator with a Novel Reference Signal Generator and Two-Stage LC Output Filter,” p. 8.

[8] D. Casadei, G. Grandi, and C. Rossi, “Single-Phase Single-Stage Photovoltaic Generation System Based on a Ripple Correlation Control Maximum Power Point Tracking,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 562–568, Jun. 2006, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2005.853784.

[9] Y. Huang, M. Shen, F. Z. Peng, and J. Wang, “$Z$-Source Inverter for Residential Photovoltaic Systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1776–1782, Nov. 2006, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2006.882913.

[10] S. B. Kjaer, J. K. Pedersen, and F. Blaabjerg, “A Review of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters for Photovoltaic Modules,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1292–1306, Sep. 2005, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2005.853371.

[11] V. Ravindran, S. K. Ronnberg, T. Busatto, and M. H. J. Bollen, “Inspection of interharmonic emissions from a grid-tied PV inverter in North Sweden,” in 2018 18th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), Ljubljana, May 2018, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/ICHQP.2018.8378887.

[12] B. N. Alajmi, K. H. Ahmed, G. P. Adam, and B. W. Williams, “Single-Phase Single-Stage Transformer less Grid-Connected PV System,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 2664–2676, Jun. 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2228280.

[13] L. Chen, A. Amirahmadi, Q. Zhang, N. Kutkut, and I. Batarseh, “Design and Implementation of Three-Phase Two-Stage Grid-Connected Module Integrated Converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 3881–3892, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2294933.

[14] H. Hu, S. Harb, N. H. Kutkut, Z. J. Shen, and I. Batarseh, “A Single-Stage Microinverter Without Using Eletrolytic Capacitors,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 2677–2687, Jun. 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2224886.

[15] N. Sukesh, M. Pahlevaninezhad, and P. K. Jain, “Analysis and Implementation of a Single-Stage Flyback PV Microinverter With Soft Switching,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1819–1833, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2013.2263778.

[16] Y.-H. Kim, Y.-H. Ji, J.-G. Kim, Y.-C. Jung, and C.-Y. Won, “A New Control Strategy for Improving Weighted Efficiency in Photovoltaic AC Module-Type Interleaved Flyback Inverters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 2688–2699, Jun. 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2226753.

[17] C. Meza, D. Biel, D. Jeltsema, and J. M. A. Scherpen, “Lyapunov-Based Control Scheme for Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV Central Inverters,” IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 520–529, Mar. 2012, doi: 10.1109/TCST.2011.2114348.

[18] F. Blaabjerg, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and A. V. Timbus, “Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1398–1409, Oct. 2006, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2006.881997.

[19] J. He and Y. W. Li, “Generalized Closed-Loop Control Schemes with Embedded Virtual Impedances for Voltage Source Converters with LC or LCL Filters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1850–1861, Apr. 2012, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2011.2168427.

Serial Robot Collision Reaction using Joints Data at Stationary Position

Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 356-360, October 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710356360

ePub PDF

Abstract

This paper present a method for detecting collision occurs in the robot manipulator and reacting according to collision direction. An experiment was conducted to read the joints speed during collision of the UR3 robot at static position, where the joints speeds are supposed to be zero. The experiment showed that when collision occurs within the manipulator there is oscillatory speed produced in joints, which is suggested to be duo to the stiffness of the harmonic drive. The harmonic drive is a flexible transmission generates stiffness behavior, as a spring, between the motor and the link. The collision is determined from the oscillatory speed produced in robot joints at static position. The method successfully identified the collision impact at joints, and reacted according to the collision direction. The experimental setup and the results are presented in this paper.

Author

Omar Abdelaziz: Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt, Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nanjing, 211800, China.

Minzhou Luo: University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nanjing, 211800, China.

Cite

Omar Abdelaziz and Minzhou Luo, Serial Robot Collision Reaction using Joints Data at Stationary Position, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 10, PP. 356-360, October 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.710356360.,

References

[1] I. Maurtua, A. Ibarguren, J. Kildal, L. Susperregi, and B. Sierra, “Human-robot collaboration in industrial applications: Safety, interaction and trust,” Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1–10, 2017.

[2] P. A. Lasota, T. Fong, and J. A. Shah, “A Survey of Methods for Safe Human-Robot Interaction,” Found. Trends Robot., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 261–349, 2017.

[3] S. Haddadin, A. Albu-Schäffer, A. De Luca, and G. Hirzinger, “Collision detection and reaction: A contribution to safe physical human-robot interaction,” in 2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS, 2008, pp. 3356–3363.

[4] O. Abdelaziz, M. Luo, G. Jiang, and S. Chen, “Adaptive threshold for robot manipulator collision detection using fuzzy system,” SN Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 3, p. 319, Mar. 2020.

[5] X. Lamy, F. Colledani, F. Geffard, Y. Measson, and G. Morel, “Achieving efficient and stable comanipulation through adaptation to changes in human arm impedance,” in Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2009, pp. 265–271.

[6] D. J. Braun et al., “Robots driven by compliant actuators: Optimal control under actuation constraints,” IEEE Trans. Robot., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1085–1101, Oct. 2013.

[7] S. Lu, J. H. Chung, and S. A. Velinsky, “Human-robot collision detection and identification based on wrist and base force/torque sensors,” in Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2005, vol. 2005, pp. 3796–3801.

[8] O. Sim, J. Oh, K. K. Lee, and J. H. Oh, “Collision Detection and Safe Reaction Algorithm for Non-backdrivable Manipulator with Single Force/Torque Sensor,” Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications, Springer Netherlands, pp. 1–10, 13-Oct-2017.

[9] M. Fritzsche, N. Elkmann, and E. Schulenburg, “Tactile Sensing : A Key Technology for Safe Physical Human Robot Interaction,” in Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction, 2011, pp. 139–140.

[10] C. Bartolozzi, L. Natale, F. Nori, and G. Metta, “Robots with a sense of touch,” Nature Materials, vol. 15, no. 9. Springer Nature, pp. 921–925, 01-Sep-2016.

[11] J. Ulmen and M. Cutkosky, “A robust, low-cost and low-noise artificial skin for human-friendly robots,” in Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2010, pp. 4836–4841.

[12] S. D. Lee, M. C. Kim, and J. B. Song, “Sensorless collision detection for safe human-robot collaboration,” in IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2015, pp. 2392–2397.

[13] A. De Luca and R. Mattone, “Sensorless robot collision detection and hybrid force/motion control,” in Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2005, no. April, pp. 999–1004.

[14] S. Chen, M. Luo, O. Abdelaziz, and G. Jiang, “A general analytical algorithm for collaborative robot (cobot) with 6 degree of freedom (DOF),” in Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation: Applied System Innovation for Modern Technology, ICASI 2017, 2017, pp. 698–701.

[15] R. Cortesao, C. Sousa, and P. Queiros, “Active impedance control design for human-robot comanipulation,” in American Control Conference, 2010, pp. 2805–2810.

[16] S. Haddadin, “Towards Safe Robots: Approaching Asimov’s 1st Law,” Springer Tracts Adv. Robot., pp. 1–352, 2011.

[17] S. Chen, M. Luo, G. Jiang, and O. Abdelaziz, “Collaborative robot zero moment control for direct teaching based on self-measured gravity and friction,” Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst., vol. 15, no. 6, 2018.

[18] H. D. Taghirad and P. R. Belanger, “An experimental study on modelling and identification of harmonic drive systems,” in Proceedings of 35th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 1996, pp. 4725–4730.

[19] Universal Robots, “UR3 Robot,” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.universal-robots.com/products/ur3-robot/. [Accessed: 14-May-2018].

[20] O. Abdelaziz, M. Luo, G. Jiang, and S. Chen, “Multiple configurations for puncturing robot positioning,” International Journal of Advance Robotics & Expert Systems (JARES), 06-Mar-2019. [Online]. Available: https://airccse.com/jares/papers/1419jares01.pdf. [Accessed: 01-Feb-2020].

[21] G. Jiang, M. Luo, L. Lu, K. Bai, O. Abdelaziz, and S. Chen, “Vision solution for an assisted puncture robotics system positioning,” Appl. Opt., vol. 57, no. 28, p. 8385, Oct. 2018.

[22] A. De Luca and W. J. Book, “Robots with Flexible Elements,” in Springer Handbook of Robotics, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016, pp. 243–282.

[23] M. W. Spong, “Modeling and Control of Elastic Joint Robots,” J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control, vol. 109, no. 4, p. 310, Dec. 1987.

view all