International Journal of Engineering Works

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A Revolution in Health Sector using Wireless Body Area Networks

Published online https://doi.org/

Abstract

Our world has been changed a lot over the past few years. Only a few decades back and you will see that communication among people was not an easy task at all. Thanks to the advancement in technologies especially the networking techniques that have made the lives of the people so comfortable. Now due to these computer networks, communication with your family, friends, and colleagues is so easy all across the globe. This communication is not only limited to the entertainment or information anymore. Wireless Body Area Networks has made it possible for the doctors to keep in touch with their patients and check their health conditions while staying miles away from them physically. This application of Computer Networks is impacting so many lives in the world in a very positive way. This technology is helping people in getting better health services without taking the time to go to their doctor or changing their daily routine. This application has so many benefits but at the same time it is also facing challenges and secure transfer of the data is one of the challenges and researchers are working to make sure to keep data of the patients secure.

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References

[1] Queiroz-Sousa, Paulo Orlando, and Ana Carolina Salgado. "A Review on OLAP Technologies Applied to Information Networks." ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD) 14, no. 1 (2019): 1-25.

[2] Qin, Zhijin, Frank Y. Li, Geoffrey Ye Li, Julie A. McCann, and Qiang Ni. "Low-power wide-area networks for sustainable IoT." IEEE Wireless Communications 26, no. 3 (2019): 140-145.

[3] Gilbert, Edwin Prem Kumar, K. Baskaran, Elijah Blessing Rajsingh, M. Lydia, and A. Immanuel Selvakumar. "Trust aware nature-inspired optimised routing in clustered wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation 14, no. 2 (2019): 103-113.

[4] Kashyap, Ramgopal. "Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks in Healthcare." In IoT and WSN Applications for Modern Agricultural Advancements: Emerging Research and Opportunities, pp. 8-40. IGI Global, 2020.

[5] Gope, Prosanta, Ashok Kumar Das, Neeraj Kumar, and Yongqiang Cheng. "Lightweight and physically secure anonymous mutual authentication protocol for real-time data access in industrial wireless sensor networks." IEEE transactions on industrial informatics 15, no. 9 (2019): 4957-4968.

[6] Shu, Tongxin, Jiahong Chen, Vijay K. Bhargava, and Clarence W. de Silva. "An energy-efficient dual prediction scheme using LMS filter and LSTM in wireless sensor networks for environment monitoring." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, no. 4 (2019): 6736-6747.

[7] Ohri, Kriti, R. Vijaya Saraswathi, and L. Jai Vinita. "Performance analysis of wireless body area sensor analytics using clustering technique." In 2019 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), pp. 0278-0281. IEEE, 2019.

[8] Tseng, Hsueh-Wen, Yu-Bin Wang, Yi Yang, and Ru-Xin Wang. "An Adaptive Channel Hopping and Dynamic Superframe Selection Scheme with QoS Considerations for Emergency Traffic Transmission in IEEE 802.15. 6-Based Wireless Body Area Networks." IEEE Sensors Journal (2019).

[9] Bai, Tong, Jinzhao Lin, Guoquan Li, Huiqian Wang, Peng Ran, Zhangyong Li, Yu Pang, Wei Wu, and Gwanggil Jeon. "An optimized protocol for QoS and energy efficiency on wireless body area networks." Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 12, no. 2 (2019): 326-336.

[10] Shim, Kyung-Ah. "Universal Forgery Attacks on Remote Authentication Schemes for Wireless Body Area Networks Based on Internet of Things." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, no. 5 (2019): 9211-9212.

[11] Paul, Pangkaj Chandra, John Loane, Gilbert Regan, and Fergal McCaffery. "Analysis of Attacks and Security Requirements for Wireless Body Area Networks-A Systematic Literature Review." In European Conference on Software Process Improvement, pp. 439-452. Springer, Cham, 2019.

Simulation and Design of CIGS Thin Film Solar Cell using Distributed Bragg Reflector

Published online https://doi.org/

Abstract

CIGS is a better replacement of Si solar cell having low possibility of damage different layers is used for CIGS cell which decreases short current losses. CIGS solar cell technology is a very highly competitive and also need less raw material as well as low cost of fabrication. As compared to C-Si (~11000C) thermal budge is very low for the production of CIGS modules about (~550 0C approximately). The comparison of weight C-Si solar panels have lesser weight than CIGS because in CIGS solar panels there are two glass panes and in C-Si there is only one pane of glass are used. The absorption coefficient of CIGS is high as compare to C-Si because CIGS solar cells using direct band gap materials and C-Si included in indirect band gap material and having lower absorption coefficient property (104/cm) that’s why CIGS solar cell thickness is 100 times lesser than as compare to C-Si solar cells. There are a lot of techniques to increase the efficiency and decrease transmission losses but the scope of this work covers how to use DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector) as a back reflector and also examining its effect on decreasing thickness of the absorber layer. In real world it is not possible to reduce the transmission losses approximately equal to zero because some part of the light is absorbed and lost in metal used at the rear surface of the cell in the form of heat but reflection losses can be reduced up to zero. It is seen that mostly in conventional thin film solar cells thick metal plate is used at the rear surface of the solar cell for increasing reflection and decreasing transmission losses at the back surface of the cell. A huge proportion of heat is lost due to the collision of incident photons with metallic surfaces. However, DBR is tested in CIGS solar cell for increasing back surface reflection and increasing light trapping by this research work.

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Current Issue - 2020

Multi-Robot Exploration in Unstructured and Dynamic Environments

Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 189-196, March 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703189196

ePub PDF

Abstract

This paper deals with exploration by team of multi-robots in unknown, unstructured and dynamic environments at the same time. The goal of the research is to minimize the total exploration time taken by team of robots to complete the mission and to achieve faster re-planning of their planned path in case of sudden changes in the environment as robots move through the environment. The proposed exploration approach is fully distributive in the sense that all robots are assigned separate regions in an unknown environment with each robot exploring its assigned region. As a first step the environment is partitioned into different regions as available number of robots and then each robot in a team is assigned its separate region for exploration. The proposed approach has been tested in different simulation environments with varying number of robots. Comparison with another approach proves the superiority of the approach in terms of reduction of exploration time in unstructured and changing environments.

Author

Saad Javed: Institute of Mechatronics Engineering, UET Peshawar, Pakistan

Muhammad Tahir Khan: Institute of Mechatronics Engineering, UET Peshawar, Pakistan

Yasim Ahmad: Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Air University Islamabad, Pakistan

Cite

Saad Javed, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Yasim Ahmad, "Multi-Robot Exploration in Unstructured and Dynamic Environments" International Journal of Enginee, Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 189-196, March 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703189196,

References

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[3] K. M. Wurm, C. Stachniss, and W. Burgard, “Coordinated multi- robot exploration using a segmentation of the environment,” in 2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS, 2008, pp. 1160–1165.

[4] P. G. C. N. Senarathne and D. Wang, “A two-level approach formulti-robot coordinated exploration of unstructured environments,” Proc. ACM Symp. Appl. Comput., pp. 274–279, 2012.

[5] F. Abrate, B. Bona, and M. Indri, “Map updating in dynamic environments,” Robot. (ISR), 2010 …, vol. 83, pp. 296–303, 2010.

[6] C. P. Mcmillen, P. E. Rybski, and M. M. Veloso, “LEVELS OF MULTI- ROBOT COORDINATION FOR DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS,” pp. 1–12.

[7] B. Yamauchi, “Yamauchi-frontierExploration98,” no. May, 1998.

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[10] J. A. Castellanos, J. M. M. Montiel, J. Neira, and J. D. Tardós, “The SPmap: A probabilistic framework for simultaneous localization and map building,” IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 948–952, 1999.

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[13] A. Pal, R. Tiwari, and A. Shukla, “Multi robot exploration through pruning frontiers,” Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 462, pp. 609–616, 2012.

[14] B. Yamauchi, “Frontier-based exploration using multiple robots,” no. May, pp. 47–53, 2004.

[15] R. Zlot, A. Stentz, M. B. Dias, and S. Thayer, “Multi-robot exploration controlled by a market economy,” pp. 3016–3023, 2003.

[16] H. Lau, “Behavioural approach for multi-robot exploration,” Australas. Conf. Robot. Autom., pp. 1–7, 2003.

[17] A. Renzaglia and A. Martinelli, “Potential field based approach for coordinate exploration with a multi-robot team,” 8th IEEE Int. Work. Safety, Secur. Rescue Robot. SSRR-2010, 2010.

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[20] J. J. Lopez-perez, U. H. Hernandez-belmonte, M. A. Contreras-cruz, and V. Ayala-ramirez, “Distributed Multirobot Exploration Based on Scene Partitioning and Frontier Selection,” vol. 2018, 2018.

[21] H. Liu, H. Wen, and Y. Li, “Path Planning in Changing Environments by Using Optimal Path Segment Search,” pp. 1439–1445, 2009.

[22] M. L. Tazir, O. Azouaoui, M. Hazerchi, and M. Brahimi, “Mobile Robot Path Planning for Complex Dynamic Environments,” 2015.

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[25] Harvard University, “The Assignment Problem and the Hungarian Method,” Introd. to Linear Algebr. Multivariable Calc., 2005.

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Adaptive Under-Frequency Load Shedding Scheme for Islanded Distribution Network based on Swing Equation

Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 183-188, March 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703183188

ePub PDF

Abstract

Power system stable operation requires, generating power of the system equivalent to the sum of all losses and affiliated load. Therefore, excess of load needs to be shed especially in islanding mode because generators are running at rated capacity. Different factors e.g. over current, low voltage level and frequency affect system performance but among them constant frequency is imperative for the steady functioning of power system because frequency is constant at every voltage level and hence, a dependable and reliable parameter to show imbalance situation. Additionally, active power deficit. System frequency is very sensitive to disturbance specially in islanding mode and is severely affected by the power imbalance between power generation and load which leads to overload or power generation loss. To shed excess load, U.F.L.S. (Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme) is implemented. This research here presents Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme for islanded distribution network. This proposed adaptive U.F.L.S scheme use swing equation to find power imbalance. It takes into consideration ROCOF (rate of change of frequency) and power imbalance and based on this data load is shed in single step which is better than cascading as other traditional U.F.L.S implements cascading steps and the response time to any magnitude of disturbance is also better than others. The adaptive U.F.L.S scheme is tested in Simscape Power System and Simulink (Software Packages in MATLAB) and the results shows that it stabilized the frequency thus stabilizing the system by shedding the right amount of imbalance load.

Author

Nauman Ahmed: PG Research student, Dept. of EEE, University of Engineering and technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan

Dr. Muhammad Naeem Arbab: Research scholar, Dept. of EEE, University of Engineering and technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan

Hammad Israil Awan: PG Research student, Dept. of EEE, University of Engineering and technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan

Shehla Noor: PG Research student, Dept. of EEE, University of Engineering and technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan

Cite

Nauman Ahmed, Dr. Muhammad Naeem Arbab, Hammad Israil Awan, Shehla Noor, "Adaptive Under-Frequency Load Shedding Scheme for Islanded Distribution Network based on Swing Eq, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 183-188, March 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703183188, ,

References

[1] Photovoltaic (PV) systems Characteristics of the utility interface, IEC 61727 Standard, December 2004.

[2] K. Christensen, “Technical Regulation for Thermal Power Station Units of 1.5 MW and higher,” Energinet.dk, Fredericia, Denmark, Regulation for grid connection TF 3.2.3, 2008.

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[4] S. P. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury, P. A. Crossley, and C. T. Gaunt, “UK scenario of islanded operation of active distribution networks with renewable distributed generators,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 33, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2585-2591, 2011.

[5] R. A. Walling and N. W. Miller, “Distributed Generation Islanding Implications on Power System Dynamic Performance,” IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, vol.1, pp. 92-96, 2002.

[6] IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources into Electric Power Systems, IEEE Standard 1547TM, 2003.

[7] Md. Quamrul, Ahsan, A. H. Chowdhury, S. S. Nawaz, I. H. Bhuyan, M. A. Haque, and H. Rahman, “Technique to Develop Auto Load Shedding and Islanding Scheme to Prevent Power System Blackout,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, pp. 198–205, 2012.

[8] X. Cao, I. Abdulhadi, C. Booth and G. Burt, “Defining the Role of Wide Area Adaptive Protection in Future Networks,” IEEE international Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), pp.1-6, 2012.

[9] J. A. Laghari, H. Mokhlis, A. B. Halim, A. Bakar, M. Karimi and A. Shahriari, “A New Under-Frequency Load Shedding Scheme for Islanded Distribution Network” IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), pp. 1–6, 2013.

Operation and Fault Monitoring of Electric Generator using IOT

Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 178-182, March 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703178182

ePub PDF

Abstract

The reliable and quality power supply is vital for power system operation. Its importance become significant when dealing with sensitive load areas like hospitals, banks, airports, radar system, military offices and data centers. Their proper operation depends on uninterrupted and reliable power supply. In this regard, there is an emergent need to provide generator backup capacity in the events of power failure or blackout. These Generators can only be effective if they are maintained and operated properly. Problems like the remote monitoring of fuel tank, total load and the battery voltage of the generator are of main concern for better operation. To prevent these problems, the advance IOT based monitoring system is designed using an Arduino controller board. This system uses the fuel gauge for sensing the fuel level and a current transformer measures the load on generator, giving real time analogue data to the controller. The data is converted into digital through an ADC convertor and the instructions are programmed for every parameter in an IDE (Integrated Development Environment). This data can also be monitored on an android app or on laptop using esp8266 WIFI module as an interface between controller and clouds. A hardware based prototype is developed and installed on real generator. Results show real time remote monitoring of generator ensuring its reliable operation and timely indication of need of maintenance.

Author

Jawad Ul Islam: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Muhammad Azaz: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Syed Abuzar Bacha: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Sajad Ullah: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Jawad Ul Islam, Muhammad Azaz, Syed Abuzar Bacha, Sajad Ullah, "Operation and Fault Monitoring of Electric Generator using IOT", International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 178-182, March 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703178182,

References

Muhammad Asif et al “Context Aware Fuel Monitoring System for Cellular Sites”
Gbenga et al “Design, construction, and implementation of remote fuel-level monitor system” in EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking2014:76
Sadeque Reza Khan et al “Real Time Generator Fuel Level Measurement Meter Embedded with Ultrasound Sensor and Data Acquisition System” in Journal of Automation and Control Engineering Vol. 1, No. 4, December 2013.
J A Gundar et al “Mechatronic design solution for fuel level monitoring using pressure sensor” Published in: Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering IEEE Xplore: 05 March 2015.
Areeg Abubakr Ibrahim Ahmed et al “Fuel management system” Published in: 2017 International Conference on Communication, Control, Computing and Electronics Engineering (ICCCCEE) on 02 March 2017.
Senthil Raja et al “DETECTION OF FUEL THEFT IN HEAVY VEHICLE” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945.
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N. Khan and S. A. Bacha, "Proposing Optimal ARMA Based Model for Measurement Compensation in the State Estimation," 2017 International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT), Islamabad, 2017, pp. 299-304.
Naeem Khan, Syed Abuzar Bacha, Shahrukh Ahmad, Afrasiab, “Improvement of compensated closed-loop Kalman filtering using autoregressive moving average model”, Measurement 134(2019) 266-279.

Significance of Power Quality in Power Systems

Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 173-177, March 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703173177

ePub PDF

Abstract

In this paper a review on power quality is discussed. Power quality is becoming a significant issue because of many reasons; few of these reasons are many instruments that are gaining familiarity in use to enhance the performance of energy system like advance power electronics and drivers of adjustable-speed motor. But the problem of using these instruments is that they enhance the level of harmonic components in distribution network.The control dependent devices and loads that relay on the microprocessor and microcontroller are most prone to problem of quality issue. Due to distortion in the system of energy there is severe effect on the interconnected networks that are common today. The reason behind it is the failure of an entire component. There is increasing growth of problems of voltages as voltage harmonics, over voltage, under voltage, etc. are causing awareness of issues in the power quality. So, the need of both better and high quality of power is increasing extremely among end users. Considering different cases any suitable option can be selected for power quality improvement.

Author

Muhammad Aamir: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Cite

Muhammad Aamir, "Significance of Power Quality in Power Systems", International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 173-177, March 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703173177.,

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Comparing the Properties of Virgin & Aged Bitumen by the addition of Rejuvenators

Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 168-172, March 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703168172

ePub PDF

Abstract

Environmental and economic demands prompt to transportation agencies to increase in the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in asphalt pavements. The use of RAP in pavements often require a rejuvenator to reduce the cracking. Estimating a best rejuvenator dosage is crucial to increase its advantages. Large quantity of waste oils from automobiles and restaurants can inflict adverse impact if it is not properly disposed. Recycling of these waste oils can be a suitable option, to reduce the use of natural resources and economic benefits. In this study, three rejuvenators were explored such as Waste Engine Oil (WEO), Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) and Waste Brown Grease (WBG) with dosages of 5%, 10% and 15%. Physical testing (i.e. penetration, softening point, flash & fire point and ductility) were conducted in the lab on virgin and RAP binder with rejuvenators. WEO and WVO helps in softening when mixed with RAP binder. According to the results, both WEO and WVO can improve the properties of the RAP binder but WBG gives a little bit improvement.

Author

Sameer Ahmed Mufti: Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Qaiser Iqbal:Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Fazli Kareem: Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Muhammad Babar Ali Rabbani: Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Muhammad Alam: Department of Civil Engineering, Abasyn University Peshawar Campus

Cite

Sameer Ahmed Mufti, Qaiser Iqbal, Fazli Kareem, Muhammad Babar Ali Rabbani, Muhammad Alam, Comparing the Properties of Virgin & Aged Bitumen by the addition of Rejuvenators, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 168-172, March 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703168172.,

References

[1] "ASTM D 113-99, Standard Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials."

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[11] "Mangiafico, S., Sauz_eat, C., Benedetto, H.Di, Pouget, S., Olard, F., 2015. Influence of a recycling agent of vegetable origin on complex modulus and fatigue performances of bituminous mixtures produced with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, 629, 1-14."

[12] Shakirullah, Mohammad, et al. "Shakirullah, Mohammad, et al. "Environmentally friendly recovery and characterization of oil from used engine lubricants." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 53.2 (2006): 335-342."

[13] Wang, Fuyu, et al. "Effect of waste engine oil on asphalt reclaimed properties." AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1973. No. 1. AIP Publishing, 2018."

[14] "Zhu, H., Xu, G., Gong, M., Yang, J., 2017. Recycling long-term-aged asphalts using bio-binder/plasticizer-based rejuvenator. Construct. Build. Mater. 147, 117-129."

Analyzing the Consumer`s Buying Behavior towards Green Products

Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 161-167, March 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703161167

ePub PDF

Abstract

Environment is basic and most important thing we have in our life if it is being ruined then it is our responsibility to prevent it. Since the leftover (wrappers, bottles and plastic packaging etc.) of non-green products cannot be disposed after the products are consumed; in that case they are buried, burnt and thrown into the sea; in all the cases, they pollute the environment, harm earth or poison our water. These three things (water, earth and air) are necessary for healthy life on earth. In order to prevent this the consumers are needed to buy the products which can be easily disposed with any harm. In this regard, this study has been conducted to analyze the buying behavior of consumers towards the green products. Data was collected by the help of questionnaire adopted from the literature. Data was collected online (by sending the link of Google form in email), at superstores, marts, supermarkets and shopping malls of Hyderabad Pakistan. The number of valid responses collected from the respondents was 200. Data analysis was conducted in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Internal consistency of data was check by using the cronbach`s alpha test. Frequency distribution of demographic characteristics of the respondents was taken out along with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis). Skewness and kurtosis were calculated to indicate the normality and when it was revealed that the data was normal, the developed hypothesis were tested by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation of demographic characteristics (age, income and qualification) was calculated with Consumer`s interest, will and buying behavior towards the green products. On the same time Pearson correlation between the various constructs was also calculated. In last regression analysis was conducted on the various constructs. It was concluded that demographics were not in any association with the consumer`s interest, will and buying behavior but consumers` will, interest and buying behavior towards green products were weakly correlated with one another.

Author

Kanwal Bai: Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan

Muhammad Saad Memon: Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan

Sonia Irshad Mari: Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan

Cite

Kanwal Bai, Muhammad Saad Memon, Sonia Irshad Mari, Analyzing the Consumer`s Buying Behavior towards Green Products, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 03, PP. 161-167, March 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.703161167.,

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Design, Fabrication, Testing and Performance Evaluation of Double Axis Solar Tracker

Vol. 7, Issue 02, PP. 154-160, February 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.702154160

ePub PDF

Abstract

The traditional energy sources used from decades for the purpose to generate electricity and fossil fuels depletion fear are the factors making world to search for the alternative energy resources. Pakistan is located in such a region have blessed with high potential of solar energy but due to the expensive initial cost and unpredictable nature of solar energy makes it uneconomical. Shortfall in most of the rural areas because of no access to grid energy. Although some remote communities serve only by fuel generators for a time being, but increase in the price of fuel makes the system non-economical, also the fuel generators have harmful effect by emiting carbon dioxide and carbon mono oxide gases. To decrease dependency on hydrocarbon base generator the Solar systems are used to overcome the shortage as a best solution for harnessing the carbon free energy. To increase the output of the Solar system the dual axes tracker is presented in the research, which is designed, to track the solar energy along both of the axes for a solar PV module. The PV module operates efficiently at maximum power point as Sun light is incident perpendicularly on it. The tracker will keep the PV module just at angle perpendicular to the solar energy to harness it at best possible amount to use for different purposes.

Author

Lutf ur Rahman: US Pakistan Center For Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Shafi ur Rehman: US Pakistan Center For Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Muhammad Raheel: US Pakistan Center For Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Lutf ur Rahman, Shafi ur Rehman, Muhammad Raheel, "Design, Fabrication, Testing and Performance Evaluation of Double Axis Solar Tracker" International Journal of Engine, Vol. 7, Issue 02, PP. 154-160, February 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.702154160., , , ,

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Performance Analysis of a Parabolic trough Concentrated Solar Power Technology in Pakistan

Vol. 7, Issue 02, PP. 161-166, February 2020

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.702161166

ePub PDF

Abstract

Pakistan has been blessed with one of the highest direct solar radiation in the world. This provides great opportunity for harvesting clean energy. The rapid urbanization leads to higher energy demand per capita. This in conjunction with the global commitment to curb environmental impacts of conventional energy calls for investing and exploring the renewable energy resources. To study the concentrated solar power (CSP) based technology for Pakistan, a 20 MW of parabolic trough concentrated solar power plant with six hours thermal energy storage (TES) has been designed and simulated in this study. Quetta has been chosen for the technical feasibility of proposed power plant where annual direct normal irradiance (DNI) is 2206 kWh/m2. The power plant consists of 33 numbers of loops each one has aperture area 5248 m2 with a solar multiple of 2. VP-1 is chosen as heat transfer fluid (HTF) due to its high thermal stability and high melting point. The proposed CSP plant can generate annual electricity of 58.4 GWH with a capacity factor of 37.1 %. The simulation results indicate that proposed power plant can produced high amount of energy and such power plant can be installed to overcome the energy crisis of Pakistan.

Author

Muhammad Raheel khan: U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E),University of Engineering and Technology Peshawarr Pakistan

Muhammad Arif khattak: U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E),University of Engineering and Technology Peshawarr Pakistan

Muhammad Yousaf: U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E),University of Engineering and Technology Peshawarr Pakistan

Abidullah: U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E),University of Engineering and Technology Peshawarr Pakistan

Lutf ur Rahman: U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E),University of Engineering and Technology Peshawarr Pakistan

Cite

Muhammad Raheel khan, Muhammad Arif khattak, Muhammad Yousaf, Abidullah, Lutf ur Rehman, Performance Analysis of a Parabolic trough Concentrated Solar Power Technology in Pakistan, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 7, Issue 02, PP. 161-166, February 2020, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.20.702161166., , , , , , , ,

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