International Journal of Engineering Works

In Press

A Techno-Economic Analysis of Alternative Fuels in Cement Industry in Pakistan

Published online https://doi.org/

Abstract

Alternative fuel use in cement industry has seen a rise in the recent years in lieu of the growing concerns about the growing share of the industry in global green house emissions which stand at 8% of overall carbon dioxide emissions worldwide. Prominent amongst the reasons for this high emission is the use of conventional coal in providing heat requisite for processing in the cement industry. The use of alternative fuel, however, has started a positive downward trend in the emissions of the industry. The use of alternative fuel, most prevalent among which is Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), has a twofold advantage: economic fuel for cement production, and a venue for disposing off the solid waste in the landfills around big cities. This experiment of alternative fuels use in cement industry is largely without any impact assessment on the economy and ecology of the cement manufacturing. Obviously the technical assessment has been performed by the industries themselves in terms of energy contents, the larger impact of these fuels on economy and environment is still unknown or not published. This research undertook the technical analysis of these alternative fuels used in three cement industries in Pakistan comprised of characteristics like calorific value, Sulphur and chlorine contents, carbon emissions accruing from the use of the these fuels. In addition the economics associated with the use of these fuels were also investigated through comparison with economy of the conventional fuels.

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Compliance to the Environmental Law & Its Implications for the Oil & Gas Exploration & Production in Pakistan

Published online https://doi.org/

Abstract

The current Climate change issues in Pakistan & Globally is not merely a coincidence rather this has developed and got worse with the passage of time through industrial revolution, more demand of energy and the race to further development among each country. To meet the energy demands, fossil fuels, one of the primary resources of energy are being explored with unprecedented rate worldwide. May it be Land or Sea, desserts or forests, if there is a potential suspected, the Oil exploration firms start their activities. On one side, if this helps to meet the growing energy demands, on the other, more and more effects of such activities are changing the environment. To avoid severe and immediate damages, environmental protection rules and laws are being passed Globally the purpose of which is to make sure such activities are carefully planned and all checks are in place prior to starting the operations to avoid any harmful impact on the eco- system. Various countries have customized these laws as per their environmental visions and established organizations which make sure these laws are implemented and followed. Pakistan, a developing nation, is one of the countries who are in the game of Oil exploration also has set forth such Acts & Laws but the assurance that the Companies are operating under the established Environmental law of the Country has never been completely done. International firms and National entities have their own set of checks in place which try to follow the Federal and Provisional rules. The goals and authority of Provisional environmental protection agencies are defined at policy level but the implementation and monitoring steps have various loop holes which need to be filled. The differences in the working methodology, related to environment, between Government owned firm vs International operators also shows the mindset of the local environmental agencies. The environmental policies need to be updated at Federal and Provisional levels with more implementation and monitoring structure in place.

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Current Issue - 2021

Effect of Local Seasonal Temperature Variation on Energy Efficiency of Water Evaporation using Peltier Module

Ambient conditions, Peltier module, Simulation, MATLAB Simulink

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.807180184

ePub PDF

Abstract

A residential surface water tank is normally exposed to ambient conditions. Evaporation of water from such a source, using a Peltier device is expected to results in variation of energy efficiency for a system due to variation of ambient temperature. In this research work local conditions of city of Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan are considered. A MATLAB Simulation was performed to find out the seasonal energy efficiency variation for Peltier based evaporation. The results show that there is significant variation of energy of evaporation process due to seasonal variation ambient conditions.

Author

Imtiaz Ahmad

Cite

Imtiaz Ahmad “Effect of Local Seasonal Temperature Variation on Energy Efficiency of Water Evapora, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 07, PP. 180-184, July 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.807180184.,

References

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Cost Optimization of Grid-Connected and Off-Grid Hybrid System for a Community in Rural Area of Pakistan

Vol. 8, Issue 06, PP. 162-169, June 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.806162169

ePub PDF

Abstract

Remote and far off communities are usually not connected to grid owing to their location and are not economically feasible. Rural areas possess great abundance of renewable energy resources, utilizing these resources for energy production are environmentally friendly compared to thermal energy systems for power generation. Thermal power plants are costly and releases poisonous gases which causes many environmental menaces. Where the grid-connected rural communities also faces the issues like load shedding and power outages due to which rural community peoples suffered a lot. These aspects are the core driving forces to motivate the scientists, academics, technologists and investors to discover and finance in the field of renewable energy systems. But renewable energy sources are weather dependent and site specific. The main obstacle towards the deployment and investment in these systems is the intermittent and dynamic characteristic of renewable energy sources. The most appropriate option is hybrid renewable energy system to overcome the intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources. In our design model the hybrid renewable energy systems are based on photovoltaic, micro-hydro and biomass to provide reliable and cheaper electricity to remote areas of the Pakistan in case of off-grid and grid-connected mode. The one and only tenacity and purpose of this study is to design reliable and optimized hybrid energy system by using HOMER software with lowest possible Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Net Present Cost (NPC). The hybrid energy system comprised of solar PV, micro-hydro and biomass for grid-connected and off-grid models. HOMER software analyze different configurations of hybrid renewable energy system and according to the NPC and LCOE most optimized hybrid energy system is selected among the possible configurations. In our hybrid energy system models micro-hydro and solar PV has been used as a primary sources for delivering the base load demand while for meeting the peak demand and for backup biomass gasifier is used. This optimization tactics overpowers the uncontrolled behavior of the renewable energy sources. By well-organized and effective planning we can lessen use of biomass gasifier fuel for power generation along with the system Net Present Cost, LCOE and environmental dangers are abridged.

Author

Abdullah: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), UET Peshawar

Zoya Khan: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), UET Peshawar

Farhan Ullah: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), UET Peshawar

M. Abdul Mowahain Khan: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), UET Peshawar

Cite

Abdullah, Zoya Khan, Farhan Ullah, M. Abdul Mowahain Khan “Cost Optimization of Grid-Connected and Off-Grid Hybrid System for a Com, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 06, PP. 162-169, June 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.806162169., ,

References

[1] Bansal, Mohit, D. K. Khatod, and R. P. Saini. "Modeling and optimization of integrated renewable energy system for a rural site." Optimization, Reliabilty, and Information Technology (ICROIT), 2014 International Conference on. IEEE, 2014.

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[5] M. Nurunnabi and N. K. Roy, “Grid connected hybrid power system design using HOMER,” Proc. 2015 3rd Int. Conf. Adv. Electr. Eng. ICAEE 2015, pp. 18–21, 2016.

[6] D. K. Yadav, S. P. Girimaji, and T. S. Bhatti, “Optimal hybrid power system design using HOMER,” India Int. Conf. Power Electron. IICPE, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2012.

[7] M. Jarahnejad and A. Zaidi, “Exploring the Potential of Renewable Energy in Telecommunications Industry,” 2018.

[8] M. A. Ghaffar, “The energy supply situation in the rural sector of Pakistan and the potential of renewable energy technologies,” Renew. Energy, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 941–976, 1995.

[9] M. Muthuramalingam and P. S. Manoharan, “Energy comparative analysis of MPPT techniques for PV system using interleaved soft-switching boost converter,” World J. Model. Simul., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 83–93, 2015.

[10] M. Y. Raza, M. Wasim, and M. S. Sarwar, “Development of Renewable Energy Technologies in rural areas of Pakistan,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., vol. 0, no. 00, pp. 1–21, 2019.

[11] S. A. Chowdhury, V. Roy, and S. Aziz, “Renewable energy usage in the telecommunication sector of Bangladesh: Prospect and progress,” Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Dev. Renew. Energy Technol. ICDRET 2009, pp. 234–238, 2009.

[12] S. Bahramara, M. P. Moghaddam, and M. R. Haghifam, “Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy systems using HOMER: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 62, pp. 609–620, 2016.

[13] P. Bajpai and V. Dash, “Hybrid renewable energy systems for power generation in stand-alone applications : A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 2926–2939, 2012.

[14] A. Helal, R. El-Mohr, and H. Eldosouki, Optimal design of hybrid renewable energy system for electrification of a remote village in Egypt. 2012.

[15] R. Ramakumar, I. Abouzahr, and K. Ashenayi, “A knowledge-based approach to the design of integrated renewable energy systems,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 648–659, 1992.

A Review of Traffic-related Air Pollution

Vol. 8, Issue 06, PP. 175-179, June 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.806175179

ePub PDF

Abstract

Traffic-related air pollution in urban areas is of growing concern as it worsens air quality which ultimately causes health problems. The exponential growth in urban traffic vehicles seriously deteriorate air quality as a result of higher fuel combustion products which disperse in the air. This review investigate and compile prominent researches conducted about traffic-related air pollution. The review found that traffic related air pollution is measured usually with Air Qaulity Index (AQI), which determines how much the concentration of a traffic air pollutant surpasses the satisfactory AQI category. The higher the value of AQI or the pollutant concentration, the worse the air quality. Each AQI category have its own implication to health and wealth of the people.

Author

Mohsin Khan: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Mohsin Khan “A Review of Traffic-Related Air Pollution”, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 06, PP. 175-179, June 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.806175179.

References

Two-Step Skipping Techniques For Solution of Nonlinear Unconstrained Optimization Problems

Vol. 8, Issue 06, PP. 170-174, June 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.806170174

ePub PDF

Abstract

The development of recent engineering systems has introduced increasing levels of complexity and uncertainty over time. Combined with the planning philosophy of engineering itself, this has given rise to several studies addressing the straightforward or multi-objective optimization problems present in these complex systems. Although conventional approaches are often applied to engineering optimization depends largely on the character of problem, but they suffered to supply some quick and reasonable feedback to designers and cannot be challenging to further possible problems. However, researchers prefer quasi-Newton methodsto solve the unconstrained non-linear optimization problems, using updating the approximation to the inverse Hessian. This technique is a computationally expensive operation and, therefore, in this paper we investigate the possibility of skipping update of Hessian approximation on every second step. The experimental results show that the new methods (i.e. with skipping) give better performance in general than existing two-step methods, particularly as the dimension of the test problem increases.

Author

Nudrat Aamir: CECOS University of IT & Emerging Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan

John Ford: CECOS University of IT & Emerging Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan

Cite

Nudrat Aamir, John Ford “Two-Step Skipping Techniques For Solution of Nonlinear UnconstrainedOptimization P, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 06, PP. 170-174, June 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.806170174., , , , ,

References

[1] Nudrat Aamir, Multi-Step Skipping Methods for Unconstrained Non-Linear Optimization, Ph. D Thesis, University of Essex, United Kingdom, 2014.

[2] J.A. Ford and I.A. Moghrabi, Alternative parametric choices for Multi-Step Quasi-Newton Methods, Optimization Methods and Software 50,305-323, 1993.

[3] J.A. Ford and Nudrat Aamir, Multi-Step Skipping Methods for UnconstrainedOptimization, AIP conf Proc 1389, 1806, 2011.

[4] Tamara G. Kolda, Dianne P. O Leary and Larry Nazareth, BFGS

with Update Skipping and Varying Memory, J. Optim. 8, 1060-1083,1998.

[5] D. Li, M. Fukushima, On the Global Convergence of BFGS Method for Nonconvex Unconstrained Optimization, SIAM J. Optim. 11(4), 1054-1064, 2001.

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Design and Performance Evaluation of Desktop Rod Electrode Discharge EDM Machine in Pure Water

Vol. 8, Issue 05, PP. 149-161, May 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.805149161

ePub PDF

Abstract

EDM wire cutting technology has an irreplaceable position in special processing with continuous development and improvement [1]. The current EDM machine tools on the market are almost large and medium-sized. It is easy to cause waste of resources when cutting small parts. In the case of special processing courses offered by many colleges, vocational and technical schools. The laboratory is equipped with industrial-grade electric discharge wire machines. it requires a lot of floor space. The cost of cutting machine tools is very and it is not convenient for unprofessional to understand its processing principles and actual processes, if we are not very careful and system failure may happen such as wire breakage or other problem and so on. In recent years, the equipment is moving in the direction of miniaturization. Desktop-level 3D printers, milling machines have already appeared, and the field of small wire-cut EDM machine tools is in a blank paper. In this context, this article proposes to design desktop-level WEDM on the basis of industrial-grade machine tools based on the use of Small-diameter rod-shaped electrodes cutting. The mechanical structure of desktop-level EDM machine tool is designed so that it can be used for cutting small workpieces and teaching demonstrations. Compared with industrial-grade machine tools, it also greatly reduces the energy consumption of cutting small samples. It is more convenient for EDM machine equipment and transportation and popularization in the laboratory. Important parts such as ball screws were checked, various supporting parts were self-designed and the machine tool motion control system was designed.

Author

Muhammad Saleem: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao street, 210016 Nanjing, China

Qiu Mingbo: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao street, 210016 Nanjing, China

Muhammad Aurangzeb: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, NCEPU, Beijing, China

Cite

Muhammad Saleen, Qiu Mingbo, Muhammad Aurangzeb “Design and Performance Evaluation of Desktop Rod Electrode Discharge EDM Mac, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 05, PP. 149-161, April 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.805149161., ,

References

Takayama, Yushi, Yushinori Makino, Yan Niu, and Hiroyuki Uchida. "The latest technology of Wire-cut EDM." Procedia CIRP 42 (2016): 623-626.
Kapoor J, Singh S, Khamba JS. Recent developments in wire electrodes for high performance WEDM. InProceedings of the world congress on engineering 2010 Jun (Vol. 2, pp. 1-4).
Xiao-liu, L. I. A. N. G. "Present Status and Development Trends of Rotating EDM Generating Machine." Equipment Manufacturing Technology (2010): 05.
CAI, Chang-tao, and Huan-xin ZENG. "Optimization of process parameters for WEDM based on SNR." Journal of Xihua University (Natural Science Edition) 3 (2011).
Bhatia, Anmol, Sanjay Kumar, and Parveen Kumar. "A study to achieve minimum surface roughness in wire EDM." Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014): 2560-2566.
Abbas, Norliana Mohd, Darius G. Solomon, and Md Fuad Bahari. "A review on current research trends in electrical discharge machining (EDM)." International Journal of machine tools and Manufacture 47.7-8 (2007): 1214-1228.
Qin Y, Brockett A, Ma Y, Razali A, Zhao J, Harrison C, Pan W, Dai X, Loziak D. Micro-manufacturing: research, technology outcomes and development issues. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2010 Apr 1;47(9-12):821-37.
Qin Y. Micro-forming and miniature manufacturing systems—development needs and perspectives. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2006 Jul 3;177(1-3):8-18.
Daoyou Z. Algorithm of Rapid Identification and Offset for Closed Loops and Its Application in EDM Electrode Design. Machine Design & Research. 2013:04.
Kamio, Takashi, et al. "Utilizing a low-cost desktop 3D printer to develop a “one-stop 3D printing lab” for oral and maxillofacial surgery and dentistry fields." 3D printing in medicine 4.1 (2018): 1-7
Pei E, Melenka GW, Schofield JS, Dawson MR, Carey JP. Evaluation of dimensional accuracy and material properties of the MakerBot 3D desktop printer. Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2015 Aug 17.
Hourmand, Mehdi, Ahmed AD Sarhan, and Mohd Sayuti. "Micro-electrode fabrication processes for micro-EDM drilling and milling: a state-of-the-art review." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 91.1 (2017): 1023-1056.
Li, Y., Guo, M., Zhou, Z. and Hu, M., 2002. Micro electro discharge machine with an inchworm type of micro feed mechanism. Precision engineering, 26(1), pp.7-14.
Weng, Feng-Tsai, R. F. Shyu, and Chen-Siang Hsu. "Fabrication of micro-electrodes by multi-EDM grinding process." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 140.1-3 (2003): 332-334.
Mohri, Naotake. "Development of An Electrical Discharge Drilling Device by Using a new Method for Diect Drive of Electrode." The Japan Society for Precision Engineering (JSPE) 58 (1992): 2063-2068.
]Wei, Jing, and Guanghui Zhang. "A precision grinding method for screw rotors using CBN grinding wheel." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 48.5 (2010): 495-503.
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Chaudhary T, Siddiquee AN, Chanda AK. Effect of wire tension on different output responses during wire electric discharge machining on AISI 304 stainless steel. Defence Technology. 2019 Aug 1;15(4):541-4
Crowell CR, Sze SM. Temperature dependence of avalanche mul_tiplication in semiconductors. Applied Physics Letters 1966;9(6): 242–4.
Kajiyama K, Kanbe H. Temperature dependence of avalanche breakdown volt_age in Si p

Performance Analysis of Perturb & Observe and Open Circuit Voltage Algorithms for MPPT Tracking at Different Environmental Conditions

Vol. 8, Issue 04, PP. 143-148, April 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.804143148

ePub PDF

Abstract

Photovoltaic PV is eco-friendly source of energy. Due to increase in ecological pollution and decrease in usual means of power, the importance of non-conventional energy sources has grown up rapidly. The output of PV systems depend on atmospheric conditions like temperature and irradiance. Also efficiency of PV system is very much less which needs to be increased. Installation cost is another problem existed with photovoltaic modules. Different techniques are used to get high power. MPPT of PV system at any condition is necessary to transfer maximum available power. Therefore, to generate maximum power at output of PV, installation of MPPT is necessary. Using MPPT, high efficiency of PV is also ensured. Different algorithms are utilized to track down MPP of PV. Out of all algorithms used, two algorithms are discussed briefly over here i.e. Perturb & Observe (P&O) and Open Circuit Voltage algorithms for MPPT at different environmental conditions by changing irradiance and temperature. Variation in temperature and irradiance level results in different output of PV cell. By changing slight temperature and irradiance, voltage and current at the MPP changes. Results which are obtained as a result of changing external conditions are simulated in PSIM and LTSpice and are then compared with each other. Effect on MPP, maximum voltage and maximum current at MPP are observed by changing environmental and atmospheric conditions like irradiance level and temperature. After comparing both these algorithms. Two different software named PSIM and LTSpice IV are being used for implementation and modelling of PV cell and both algorithms.

Author

Nasir Ishaq: University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Farhan Altaf: University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Zain Ul Abideen Afridi: University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Naeem Arbab: University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Nasir Ishaq, Farhan Altaf, Zain Ul Abideen Afridi, Naeem Arbab, “Performance Analysis of Perturb & Observe and Open Circuit Voltage Algorithms for MPPT Tracking , International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 04, PP. 143-148, April 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.804143148.,

References

[1] Antonio Lugue& Steven Hegedus (2003). Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering

[2] Chetan Singh Solanki, “Solar photovoltaics – fundamentals, technologies and application,” PHI learning private learning limited, New Delhi, second edition, July 2011.

[3] Nielsen, L.D., “Distributed Series resistance effects in Solar Cells,” IEEE transactions on Electron devices, Volume 29.

[4] T.J.MC Mohan, T.S. Basso, S.R. Rummel, “Cell shunt resistance and Photovoltaic module performance,” In proceeding of the 25th Photovoltaic Specialists conference, IEEE conf, May 13-17, 2010.

[5] Z. Liang, R. Guo, J. Li, and A. Q. Huang, “A high-efﬁciency PV module integrated dc/dc converter for PV energy harvest systems,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 897–909, 2011

[6] S. DaisonStallon, K. Vinoth Kumar, S. Suresh Kumar, “High Efficient Module of Boost Converter in PV Module,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol.2, No.6, pp. 758-781, December 2012.

[7] Pradhan Arjyadhara, Ali S.M, Jena Chitralekha, “Analysis of Solar PV cell Performance with Changing Irradiance and Temperature,” International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, Volume 2 Issue 1, Jan 2013

[8] T. Esram and P.L. Chapman, “Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 2, June 2007

TRNSYS Modeling and Simulation of a Solar-Fuel Hybrid Thermal Power Plant based on a Central Receiver System

Vol. 8, Issue 04, PP. 139-142, April 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.804139142

ePub PDF

Abstract

Energy plays a key role in the socio-economic development of a country. Although the available potential of solar energy and other renewable sources is sufficient to encounter the energy needs of the world but unfortunately, fossil fuels are used to a large extent for the purpose and this adds a serious problem of unsustainability to the energy market. A solar thermal power plant hybridized with natural gas as fuel is developed and simulated using TRNSYS simulation software to study the parameters and output of the plant. The model was simulated for the 2nd January and for the whole year which gives 53.7 Mwh of energy throughout the day and 20717 MWh of energy per anum. Peshawar was considered as a reference location for the plant. A field of 250 heliostats having a total solar reflective area of 25000 m2 provides the required input energy.

Author

Imran Khan: US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy UET PESHAWAR, Pakistan

Umair Iqbal: US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy UET PESHAWAR, Pakistan

Cite

Imran Khan, Umair Iqbal “TRNSYS Modeling and Simulation of a Solar-Fuel Hybrid Thermal Power Plant based on a, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 04, PP. 139-142, April 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.804139142.,

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A Modified Memory-Efficient U-Net for Segmentation of Polyps

Vol. 8, Issue 04, PP. 132-137, April 2021

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.804132137

ePub PDF

Abstract

Colorectal cancer, caused by an unusual growth of tissues in a body called polyp, is the third most prevailing cancer worldwide and remained the second most cause of deaths by cancer in 2020. Early stage detection of the cancer can prevent the deaths. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system could be a major breakthrough for early detection of the cancer. The system uses image processing techniques. Among the image processing techniques segmentation has a great value. The diagnostic process results are highly dependent on the accuracy of performed segmentation. Nowadays, many supervised and unsupervised techniques are used for the task of segmentation. Deep neural networks have outperformed other state-of-the-art approaches for the task. In this paper, we present an end-to-end deep neural network for segmentation of polyps in images. The network is modified version of the U-Net architecture. The network being much more memory efficient than the U-Net architecture, inferences segmentation of the images more accurate than the U-Net. We reduce number of layers of the U-Net architecture both in the en- coding and decoding path, and introduce residual blocks and batch normalization in the encoding path to prevent learning of redundant features, to avoid over-fitting and to accelerate the training process, and in the decoding path to avoid gradient vanishing issue in long dependence of the neural network during training we use bi-directional long short term memory network with batch normalization. We train and validate the network on Kvasir dataset for the task. The network accurately segments the polyp part in the images with 92.46% test accuracy.

Author

Asif Ahmad: Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Noor Badshah: Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Mahmood Ul Hassan: Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Cite

Asif Ahmad, Noor Badshah, Mahmood Ul Hassan “A Modified Memory-Efficient U-Net for Segmentation of Polyps”, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 8, Issue 04, PP. 132-137, April 2021, https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.804132137., , , ,

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