Power Loss Analysis of a Radial Distribution Feeder by using Distributed Generator

The desire and required place for providing electricity i.e. Homes, industries, markets, etc. are far away from the place where electricity is produced (power stations). It results in low efficiency and also increases the cost. It has so many dis-advantages. It may also have environmental and security issues as well. The primary objective of this resaerch is to evaluate and reduces the percentage loss. The power loss is performed for different locations. The result shows the appropriation of distributed generator in to power system. Keywords— losses reduction, Distributed generator, Radila Feeder


INTRODUCTION
Nowadays the generation is producing new technologies. They aim are providing facilities to users. Which includes good quality and high power as well. They have promised to generate electricity with high efficiency and producing very low pollution. [1,3,6].
Distributed Generation is acknowledged through a number of names like On-Site generation, Dispersed Generation, Decentralized Generation, or Embedded Generation. It is a small scaleelectricity generating technology(typically in the range of 50kW up to a hundred MW) and used to supply anchoice to or enhancementof the historically current electric energy structures such as hydropower system, thermal power system, nuclear energydevice etc [1,5].
Distributedgeneration can be viewed as "taking energy to load". Distributed generation guaranteesto generate electricity withhigh efficiency and lowpollution. Unlike massive central (conventional) massive energy plants, distributed generatorcan be established at or close to the load.Maintenance price for distributed generation such asfuel cells and photovoltaicdevice is pretty low due to thefact of the absence of transferring components [4,9].
Many of these technologies are at the stage of development including micro turbines, wind energy, gas turbines, fuel cell system and many more. This will make the users ease. These advantages include the line loss reduction, reduces the environmental impacts. It also increase the efficiency, power and voltage as well. [5,7].

II. MODELING OF SYSTEM
There are following two cases shown in fig 1 and fig 2. a) System without the integration of Distributed generator b) System with the addition of Distributed generator These two systems have the concentrated0load. The length for these two system have to be assumed L (KM).  3. At lagging0leading or0unity factor the0distribution generator0produce real0power. 4. V P 0is the0value of RMS0voltage 5. V P 0is the phasor0reference0voltage to be0chosen The complex0load power0is S L = P L + JQ L so The load0absorb the0current

III. ANALYSIS LOSS REDUCTION
When current passes through transmission line the losses occur. The line loses depends on amount of current passes and line resistance.so the losses is to be minimize due to decreased the current or resistance0or the both. When DG is provided in to the load the losses may be reduced due to current passing to some of network part.

A. Analysis of line losses without the distribution generator
Diagram of the analysis for the system as shown in figure 1.in distribution system line losses is equal to the square times current and resistance.so for three phase system the equation foe line losses as: B. Analysis of line losses with integration of distributed generator Diagram for the system is shown in figure 2. Let assume that the line is to be short and across that line the voltage drop is neglected. The DG delivered the complex power which is equal to the S DG =P DG +JQ DG So the output of DG will be given as; There are two main causes of line loss integrated with DG 1. Line from source to DG Line losses for the several allocation of DG to their load Centre.
It is clear from figure 2 I Source = I Line -I DG (4) So the line loss equation for the system from source to DG is expressed as .

Line losses from DG location to load Centre
When distributed generator is not allocated between the systems so the line current must be equal to load current, thus the equation for this system is given as: 3. Over all line losses in the system Line losses in the system is given as in the following equation C. Reduction of line loss due to integration of DG in the system Reduction of line losses is equal to the difference between integration of DG before in the system and integrate DG in to the system is given in the following equation By substituting the equations in the above equation (8). The following equation gets, If the losses in the system is decreased then the L.Loss will indicate the positive sign due to connection of DG. And inversely when system has higher losses then L.Loss will show negative sign.

D. Per-unit reduction of line losses
Per-unit rduction of L.Losses is equal to reduction of L.Losses to the L.Losses without the integration of DG Therefore = . . (10) By putting the two equations line the above equation (10)

A. Reduction of line losses Analysis Conclusion
The impact of DG on line losses it assumed that DG should be kept at the Centre of feeder line that is DG=1 and take the length 2 km of system i.e. L=2km.the power factor of DG and load is too constant. The twenty five different values is taken and changing the output of DG and the load is constt at 2.3 pu. To use the equation 12 to find the different values of DG output power. It's shown in the figure3  The position of DG at four different location is to be consider.so it's assumed that DG is varying along the feeder line it would be taken four different location.
Location 1: fist DG keep at the 25% of total length Location 2: second DG keeps at the 50% of total length Location 3: third DG keeps at the 75% of total length Location 4: at the end DG keep at 100% of total length From above figure it is clearly shows that when DG near to the load the system losses is reduced .near the DG to load less will be the losses. This will only possible when the load and DG both are well matched. The total load can't consume the power which is given by DG. So at distance of DG from source there will be higher losses. From above figure its show that when there is lagging power factor there is more reduction in the system and providing the DG reactive power to the load. DG power factor either lag or lead to calculate the reduces of line losses. Consider the two different values of DG power factor to analysis the reduction of loss. CONCLUSION This paper shows the reduction of line losses of radial distribution when DG is incorporate in the system. From result it clearly shows the line losses reduction. A simple distribution system is taken and incorporates the DG. The location, rating and power factor of DG is important to reduce the line losses.
Similarly, when DG is closer the load there is a reduction in line losses and at the distance from source to load be high losses in the system. This would be possible only when the load and DG both are well matched.
The purpose of this research is to integrate the one DG in a system to reduce line losses. Further if clearly result look then many DG incorporate in the distribution feeder will give better results.