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Intelligent Control Algorithm for Distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems

Vol. 5, Issue 12, PP. 252-259, December 2018

Published online Intelligent Control Algorithm for Distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems

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Abstract

Fossil fuels is the main energy resource now a day with the advantage of generating gigantic electricity at a given location. Fossil resources, however, are subject to exhaustion rendering energy resources risks. The process of electricity generation from fossils fuels may be less costly compared to other schemes however this advantage comes at the expense of increased pollution, greenhouse gases emission contributing to overall global warming. Sustainable energy production requires reusable energy resources. Each renewable energy resource is characterized by a unique characteristic set and advantages, making it suitable for application of specific nature and location. In a hybrid system, the cummulative sum of the powers generated by the constituent systems should match the load demand rendering its implementation complex mainly due to the non linear behavior of the renewable energy resources and the non linearity of the fuel consumption curve. The dissimilar load demand pattern and the limit on the operation of the battery also poses a constraint. Controlling the process of any compound power source system in an optimal manner is essential and challenging to achieve low overall system cost.

Author

Cite

Muhammad Waseem Dr. Abdul Basit and Imran Khan, Control of Optimal Operation with Hybrid Energy System, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 11 PP. 224-231 November 2018,

References

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Ardakani, Fatemeh Jahanbani, Gholamhossein Riahy, and Mehrdad Abedi. ”Optimal sizing of a grid-connected hybrid system for north-west of Iran-case study.” Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2010 9th International Conference on. IEEE, 2010.
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Bashir, Mohsen, and Javad Sadeh. ”Optimal sizing of hybrid wind/photovoltaic/battery considering the uncertainty of wind and photo-voltaic power using Monte Carlo.” Environment and Electrical Engineer-ing (EEEIC), 2012 11th International Conference on. IEEE, 2012.
Bashir, Mohsen, and Javad Sadeh. ”Size optimization of new hybrid stand-alone renewable energy system considering a reliability index.” Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2012 11th International Conference on. IEEE, 2012.
Bernal-Agustłn, Jos L., and Rodolfo Dufo-Lopez. ”Simulation and optimization of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13.8 (2009): 2111-2118.
Borowy, Bogdan S., and Ziyad M. Salameh. ”Methodology for optimally sizing the combination of a battery bank and PV array in a wind/PV hybrid system.” IEEE Transactions on energy conversion 11.2 (1996): 367-375.
Chen, Fengzhen, et al. ”RenewislandsłRenewable energy solutions for islands.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11.8 (2007): 1888-1902.
Connolly, David, et al. ”A review of computer tools for analysing the integration of renewable energy into various energy systems.” Applied energy 87.4 (2010): 1059-1082.
Dagdougui, Hanane, et al. ”A dynamic decision model for the real-time control of hybrid renewable energy production systems.” IEEE Systems Journal 4.3 (2010): 323-333.
Maniaci, David C., and Ye Li. Investigating the influence of the added mass effect to marine hydrokinetic horizontal-axis turbines using a General Dynamic Wake wind turbine code. IEEE, 2011.
Dagdougui, Hanane, et al. ”Modelling and control of a hybrid renewable energy system to supply demand of a green-building.” 5th Biennial Conference of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society: Modelling for Environment’s Sake, iEMSs 2010. Vol. 2. iEMSs Secretariat c/-IDSIA, Galleria 2, Manno, 6928, Switzerland, 2010.
Dehghan, S., et al. ”Optimal sizing of a hybrid wind/PV plant consid-ering reliability indices.” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 56.32 (2009): 527-535.
Afzal, Anis, Mohibullah Mohibullah, and Virendra Kumar Sharma. ”Op-timal hybrid renewable energy systems for energy security: a comparative study.” International Journal of Sustainable Energy 29.1 (2010): 48-58.
Diaf, Said, et al. ”A methodology for optimal sizing of autonomous hybrid PV/wind system.” Energy Policy 35.11 (2007): 5708-5718.

APU Gas Turbine Performance Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Aircraft System based on QAR

Vol. 5, Issue 10, PP. 216-223, October 2018

Published online APU Gas Turbine Performance Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Aircraft System based on QAR

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Abstract

The aircraft complex systems (ACS) contains the auxiliary power unit (APU) based gas turbine, the performance assessment is totally cramped to inspection of different kind of parameters. So many other parameters can be observed in Quick Access Recorder (QAR) returns the APU condition from different aspects not having enough attention. The investigation intends to propose incorporated performance indicators by feature extraction many observing parameters. To approve the effectiveness of the strategy by anomaly identification, the clustering analysis is conducted. This technique can possibly effectively evaluate performance of some complex aircraft systems for early cautioning and prevent degradation at early stage. The parameters of Rowens model for APU based gas turbines in unique studies are assessed by utilization of accessible operational and performance data. Here, the work is planned to make understanding into different parts of the APU model and to present simple and comprehensive strategy to extract the parameters out of basic physical laws, focusing especially on researchers to let their interest in dynamic models and simulations. Gas turbine parameters are approximated by using straightforward thermodynamic assumptions, resulting great performance. In this paper, the step response of the simulation model is also simulated for number of scenarios and is presented here.

Author

Cite

Zeshan Hassan Jing Cai Domenika Sindik Muhammad Aurangzeb, APU Gas Turbine Perforemance Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Aircraft System based on QAR, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 10 PP. 216-223 October 2018,

References

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[16] M. Tang, "Modeling and Implementation of the APU Starter Monitoring Model under CBM Strategy," Aviation Maintenance & Engineering, pp. 73-75, 2014.

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Formation Control of Unmanned Vehicles via Extended Feedback Consensus

Vol. 5, Issue 10, PP. 211-215, October 2018

Published online Formation Control of Unmanned Vehicles via Extended Feedback Consensus

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Abstract

This paper has considered the problem of formation control of multiple quadrotor using a diversiﬁed feedback linearization technique. Taking the advantage of double integrator which normally can achieve any unrestrained shape, we have devised a linearization technique that is made possible using extended feedback. The technique has the ability of transmuting the dynamics of a quadrotor’s reference point to four double integrators in accordance with yaw angle and position of quadrotor in the space. The traditional exact feedback technique require a jerk (which is the derivative of acceleration) but it is not an issue for the extended feedback method. Ending by the conclusion the section numerical example elucidate formation control of quadrotor by using reference point and center of masses of the quadrotors.

Author

Cite

Irshad Hussain Amir Waleed Shahjehan M. Riaz and M. Suleman, Formation Control of Unmanned Vehicles via Extended Feeedback Consensus, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 10 PP. 211-215 October 2018,

References

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[2] R. Middlebrook and S. Cuk, “A general unified approach to modeling switching-converter power stages,” in Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1976 IEEE. IEEE, 1976, pp. 18–34.

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[8] A. Ayachit, A. Reatti, and M. K. Kazimierczuk, “Small-signal modeling of pwm dual-sepic dc-dc converter by circuit averaging technique,” in Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2016-42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE. IEEE, 2016, pp. 3606–3611.

Signal Path Loss Measurement for Future Terahertz Wireless Propagation Links

Vol. 5, Issue 10, PP. 193-197, October 2018

Published online Signal Path Loss Measurement for Future Terahertz Wireless Propagation Links

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Abstract

Terahertz Band (100GHz-10THz) offers larger bandwidth and ultra-higher data rates and is visualized as a key technology to alleviate the capacity limitation and spectrum scarcity of the currents wireless networks. There are some competent development and design challenges in the realization of wireless terahertz network. Signal high path loss is one of the major constraints for enabling wireless communication networks in the terahertz band. Thus for the consummation of wireless propagation links in the THz band an equivalent signal path loss model is designed incorporating the major peculiarities of the wireless channel that accounts for terahertz wave propagation in LoS propagation. The equivalent path loss model for terahertz LoS propagation is developed and simulated in matlabR. The simulation results are compared with the lognormal path loss model results.

Author

Cite

Sabir Shah and Majid Ashraf, Signal Path Loss Measurement for Future Terahertz Wireless Propagation Links, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 10 PP. 193-197 October 2018,

References

[1] Federici, John, and Lothar Moeller. "Review of terahertz and subterahertz wireless communications." Journal of Applied Physics 107, no. 11 (2010): 6.

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[3] Kürner, Thomas, and Sebastian Priebe. "Towards THz communications status in research, standardization and regulation." Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 35, no. 1 (2014): 53-62.

[4] Moldovan, Anamaria, Michael A. Ruder, Ian F. Akyildiz, and Wolfgang H. Gerstacker. "LOS and NLOS channel modeling for terahertz wireless communication with scattered rays." In Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2014, pp. 388-392 IEEE, 2014.

[5] Boronin, Pavel, Dmitri Moltchanov, and Yevgeni Koucheryavy. "A molecular noise model for THz channels." In Communications (ICC), 2015 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1286-1291 IEEE, 2015.

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Synthesis of Ni Nanotubes for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Cathode Side of PEM Fuel Cell

Vol. 5, Issue 10, PP. 188-192, October 2018

Published online Synthesis of Ni Nanotubes for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Cathode Side of PEM Fuel Cell

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Abstract

Electrocatalytic activity at cathode in Polymer Exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is sluggish and requires a most active catalyst. Till now Platinium (Pt) is considered as the most feasible and active catalyst for Oxygen reduction reaction at cathode. It is most expensive and also faces the problem of poisioning due to carbon monoxide, hence a more reactive, durable catalyst is required to meet the demand for commercialization. In this study a novel non platinum group metal (N-PGM) Ni nanotubes were prepared by using hydrothermal technique using transition metal precursor with profound insight.Ni nano tubes were obtained after pyrolyzing Ni Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (Ni/ZIF) at 800 0C under inert nitrogen atmosphere.It’s electro catalytic performance was examined by Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) done with Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) evaluation shows that, Ni nanotubes owns splendid electro catalytic behavior for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in basic environment. It depicts a current density of -2.6mA/cm2 and an over potential of -0.28V Vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE), and RDE Results were obtained at 400,800,1200 and 1600 rpm in 0.1M KOH solution while the Ni/ZIF shows the minimum -1.4 mA/cm2..The Pt/C catalyst was also analyzed in the same environment for comparison purpose having a current density of -4.6 mA / cm2. The results reflect that Ni nanotubes is promising catalyst for Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.

Author

Cite

Abid Ullah Khalid khan Kamran Alam Izaz Ahsan and Muhammad Humayun, Synthesis of Ni Nanotubes for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Cathode Side of PEM Fuel Cell, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 10 PP. 188-192 October 2018,

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Modelling a Standalone Hybrid Micro Grid and Analyzing its Voltage Control Capabilities

Vol. 5, Issue 10, PP. 176-182, October 2018

Published online Modelling a Standalone Hybrid Micro Grid and Analyzing its Voltage Control Capabilities

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Abstract

Electrical energy is one of the most important component in the development of any society. Electrical energy is primarily generated from fossil fuels, nuclear power or hydro but an increasing gap between demand and generation is leading is to find an alternative energy sources that produce clean energy and meet our increasing needs while maintaining the secure and reliable operation of power system. Presently Pakistan is facing extreme energy crisis and the situation is even worse in remote areas that are deprived from basic facility of electrical energy. These areas are normally gifted from natural resources that can play a key role in overcoming this problem. Run on River hydro generating units, solar Photovoltaic cells and Biomass generating units are able to generate clean electrical energy and meet the local demands; however, it is important that the frequency and voltage of that area is maintained within in the specified for the secure operation of power system. The voltage control plays important role in stable and reliable power supply. This research project will model a standalone micro grid where electrical energy will be generated from alternative sources of energy that are renewable i.e. hydro, solar irradiations and biomass resources, and then will employ specific technique for voltage control. This study will analyze the system behavior in different seasons when the load demand varies.

Author

Cite

Imran khan Dr. Abdul Basit and Muhammad Waseem, Modelling a Standalone Hybrid Micro Grid and Analyzing its Voltage Control Capabilities, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 10 PP. 176-182 October 2018, ,

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[21] R S. kumar ; S. K. Kollimalla ; M. K. Mishra, Dynamic Energy management of Microgrids using battery Super Capacitors Combine Storage 2012 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON)

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Analysis of Flow Rate and Humidity Effect on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performance using MATLAB/SIMULINK

Vol. 5, Issue 10, PP. 172-175, October 2018

Published online Analysis of Flow Rate and Humidity Effect on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performance using MATLAB/SIMULINK

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Abstract

These days, the world faces glitches like energy crises, global warming and ozone depletion due to the power generation from fossil fuel. Petroleum derivative assets are diminishing with time because of which costs of traditional hydrocarbon fuel ascends in the universal market, along these lines most nations of the world are putting resources into sustainable power sources. Not at all like regular petroleum product run control age framework, is a power source that vitality effective, deliver low pollutions and being provided by boundless minimal effort fuel. The innovation of the fuel cell can handle these difficulties that are the reason as fuel cell is considered as ecological agreeable and effective innovation of future. Among different sorts of fuel cell, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is the most diffused and well known kind of market because of its sound highlights, for example, low working temperature, brisk variety as per stack, high proficiency and better power density. In this paper PEM fuel cell stack is outlined and its model is executed in MATLAB/Simulink to dissect the examine the happening in PEM fuel cell stack and the variables that influence the efficiency of the fuel cell stacks. Besides, the properties of fuel cell stack are examined fluctuating flow rate of fuel and oxidants. The attributes curves are broken down with various working temperature, humidification temperatures, and mass (oxygen) exchange proportion.

Author

Cite

Muhammad Faisal Khan M. Naeem Arbab and Haseeb Khan, Analysis of Flow Rate and Humidity effect on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell performance usi, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 10 PP. 172-175 October 2018,

References

[1] Brain Cook, “An Introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology”, Canada, Dec 2001

[2] EG & G Technical Services, Inc, “Fuel Cell Handbook”, 7th Edition, Nov 2004

[3] J. A. J. L. N. D. V. H.-M. K. K. P. G. H. Kap-Seung Choi, "An Experimental Study of Scale-up, Oxidant,and Response Characteristics in PEM Fuel Cells," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 729-734, SEPTEMBER 2014.

[4] P. P. R. K. D. S. Aliasger Zaidi, "Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of A PEM Fuel Cell: MATLAB and LabVIEW Modeling Approach," in Proceedings of 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014), 2014.

[5] F. G. A. M. T. Elena Breaz, "A Short review Of Aging Mechanism Modeling Of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell In Transportation Applications," in IEEE, 2014.

[6]M. Ahmed, E.-E. Salah and A. & Mahmud, "Effect of Stack Orientation on the Performance of H2/Air PEM Fuel Cell," in IEEE, 2010.

[7] D. A. M. a. X. Liu, "Comparison of Two Models for Temperature Observation of Miniature PEM Fuel Cells Under Dry Conditions," in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, 2015.

[8] X. L. L. J. O. M. C. S. a. F. C. Hu Junming, "Water management in a self-humidifying PEM fuel cell system by exhaust gas recirculation," in ITEC Asia-Pacific , 2014.

[9] S. C. &. Y. K. Chauhan, "Studies and Performance Investigations on Fuel Cells," in IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014), India, 2014.

[10] Y. W. Shizhong Chen, H. Sun and Z. Sun, "Simulation of Humidification Temperature Impact on Oxygen between Anode-upward and Cathode-upward in PEM Fuel Cell," in IEEE, 2010.

[11] A. B. Y. Z. F. H. A. B. Youcef Kerkoub, "Channels design and dimensions Effect on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC )".

[12] B. M. a. A. S. a. I. Kolmanovsky, "Stability Analysis for Liquid Water Accumulation in Low Temperature Fuel Cells," in Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Cancun, Mexico, 2008.

Effect of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy

Vol. 5, Issue 9, PP. 167-171, September 2018

Published online Effect of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy

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Abstract

This paper presents the effect of fly ash as reinforcement on mechanical behavior of aluminum alloy. 5% by weight of untreated fly ash was used as a reinforcement to fabricate the composite samples by sand casting technique. Tensile, Hardness and Fatigue tests were carried out for the samples. It has been observed that by the addition of fly ash to aluminum alloy improves the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and hardness by 15.87% and 5.64% repectively as compared to sand casted simple aluminum alloy.Similarly fatigue tests reveal that fly ash reinforced aluminum composite has greater fatigue life than the unreinforced aluminum alloy.

Author

Cite

Arshad Ali Khan and Afzal Khan, Effect of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 9 PP. 167-171 September 2018,

References

[1] A. K. Senapati, P. C. Mishra, B. C. Routray and R. I. Ganguly “Mechanical Behavior of Aluminium Matrix Composite Reinforced with Untreated and Treated Waste Fly Ash” Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(S9), 111–118, May 2015

[2] Hartaj Singh, Sarabjit, Nrip Jit, Anand K Tyagi “An overview of metal matrix composite:processing and SiC Based Mechanical Properties” Journal of Engineering Research and Studies Vol. II, Issue IV, 72-78 Oct-Dec, 2011

[3] Pradeep, R., Praveen Kumar, B.S and Prashanth: “Evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy 7075 reinforced with silicon carbide and red mud composite” International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, Vol. 2, Issue 6, (1081-88), 2014.

[4] Ravichandran, M. and Dineshkumar, S.: “Synthesis of Al-TiO2 Composites through Liquid Powder Metallurgy Route” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 1 Issue 1, 2014.

[5] Keshavamurthy, R., Sadananda Mageri, et.al: “Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al7075–TiB2 in–situ composite” Research Journal of Material Sciences, Vol. 1(10), (6-10), 2013.

[6] Uvaraja, C. and Natarajan, N.: “Comparison on Al6061 and Al7075 with SiC and B4C reinforcement hybrid metal matrix composites” IJART, Vol.2, pp,1–12, 2012.

[7] Hartaj Singh, Sarabjit, Nrip Jit et.al: “An overview of metal matrix composite processing and SiC based mechanical properties” Journal of Engineering Research and Studies, Vol. II, (72–78), 2011.

[8] Mahendra Boopathi, M., K.P. Arulshri and N. Iyandurai: “Evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy2024 reinforced with silicon carbide and fly ash hybrid metal matrix composites” American Journal of Applied Sciences, 10 (3): 219-229, 2013.

[9] A. K. Senapati, P. C. Mishra, B. C. Routray1and R. I. Ganguly: “Mechanical Behavior of Aluminium Matrix Composite Reinforced with Untreated and Treated Waste Fly Ash” Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(S9), 111–118, May 2015.

[10] J. Babu Rao, D. Venkata Rao and N.R.M.R. Bhargava: “Development of light weight ALFA composites” International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology ,Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 50-59, 2010.

Study the Effect of Transient Load on Pipeline Supported by Concrete Blocks

Vol. 5, Issue 9, PP. 163-166, September 2018

Published online Study the Effect of Transient Load on Pipeline Supported by Concrete Blocks

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Abstract

A three dimensional analysis of dynamic load - nonlinear soil - concrete blocks - pipeline have been investigated to study the major factors that influencing the response of whole system and which dominate on the interaction between different component of the problem. The present work consider the effect of pipe diameter, distance between applied force and whole system, distance between concrete blocks or span of pipe. Aspects which addressed in this study the effect of the previous factors on deformation which can be express as vertical displacement and bending moment , friction stresses between concrete blocks and soil and Also the behavior of concrete blocks with time and distance. ABAQUS software is used to reveal the effect of these factors on structural behavior of whole system.

Author

Cite

Rafi .M. Qasim and Dr. Abdulameer .Q. Hasan, Study the Effect of Transient Load on Pipeline Supported by Concrete Blocks, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 9 PP. 163-166 September 2018,

References

[1] Jonsdottir .F. , Jonsson .M.T. “ Comparative Study of Seismic Analysis for Piping Systems” 2001 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences , September 9-12,2001, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA.
[2] Schnackenberg .P.J. “How to Calculate Stress in above/below Ground Transition” Pipe Line Industry, November, 1976, pp. 53-56.
[3] Barkan. D.D. “Dynamics of Bases and Foundations” 1962. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
[4] Lopes. M., Leite. A. “Economic Viability of Seismic Strengthening of Buildings; Ingenium: Greenbelt, MD, USA” 2005
[5] Warburton. G.B. “The Dynamical Behaviour of Structures” Second Edition 1976.
[6] Moussou. P. , Potapov. S. , Paulhiac. L. , Tijsseling. A. “Industrial cases of FSI due to internal flows” In Proceeding of the 9th International Conference on Pressure Surges, Chester , UK, 24-26 March 2004 ; pp. 167-181.

An Improvement In Load Forecasting Model Using Parametric Tuned Support Vector Machine (SVM) Kernel Based Functions

Vol. 5, Issue 9, PP. 154-162, September 2018

Published online An Improvement In Load Forecasting Model Using Parametric Tuned Support Vector Machine (SVM) Kernel Based Functions

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Abstract

Short term load forecasting (STLF) has gained huge interest among researchers because of its applications in economics, reliability, unit commitment (UC), economic dispatch (ED) and hydro-thermal coordination (HTC) of power systems. The aim of this study is to find an accurate algorithm as it is very important for the prediction of accurate load forecast. Support Vector Machine Regression Model (SVM-R) using different kernels i-e linear, polynomial and gaussian has been used and each kernel function effectiveness and its performance has been examined on real time series using ISO-New England utility data. LibSVM using R language is utilized in this research to employ SVM-R Model. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is utilized to compare and check the effectiveness of proposed model and its performance by considering least Mean Absolute Percentage Error.

Author

Cite

Engr. Hamad Ullah Khan Bangash and Dr. Amjad Ullah Khattak, An Improvement in Load Forecasting Model using Parametric Tuned Support Vector Machine (SVM) Kern, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 9 PP. 154-162 September 2018, , ,

References

[1] A .S. Ahmad, M.Y. Hassan, M.P. Abdullah,H.A, Rahman, F. Hussin, H. Abdullah, R. Saidur , “A review on applications of ANN and SVM for building electrical energy consumption forecasting” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 33 , pp. 102 – 109, 2014.

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[3] V.N. Vapnik “The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory” NewYork, Springer Verlag, 1995.

[4] Nahi Kandil, Vajay Sood, Maarouf Saad, “Use of ANN for STLF”, IEEE1999.

[5] Dipti Srinivasan, Swee sien ten, C S.Chang, “Parallel Neural Network – Fuzzy expert system strategy for STLF: System implementation and performance evaluation” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No 3 August 1999.

[6] Ying Chen, Peter B.Luh, Che Guan, Yige Zhao, Laurnet D.Michel, Matthew A.Coolbeth, Peter B.Friedland, and Stephen J.Rourke. “Short-term load forecasting: similar day-based wavelet neural networks,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 25, Pages 322-330,2010

[7] M.A. Abu El Magd, R.D. Findlay, “New approach using ANN and Time Series Models for STLF” Electrical and Computer Engineering, IEEE CCECE , Canadian conference, Vol. 3, Pages 1723-1726,2003.

[8] A Asar, SR Hassnain, and AU Khattack. "A multi-agent approach to short term load forecasting problem." International journal of intelligent control and systems ,Vol. 10 , pp. 52 – 59, 2005.

[9] S.H. Ling, H.K. Lam, F,H.F. Leung and P.K.S. Tam, “A neural fuzzy network with optimal number of rules for STLF in an intelligent home” IEEE Fuzzy Systems conference,2001.

[10] Hong-Ze Li, Sen Guo, Chun-jie Li, Jing-qi Sun. "A hybrid annual power load forecasting model based on generalized regression neural network with fruit fly optimization algorithm." Knowledge-Based Systems, Vol. 37,Pages 378-387,2013

[11] Amit Jain, and B. Satish. "Clustering based short term load forecasting using support vector machines." PowerTech, 2009 IEEE ucharest. IEEE, 2009.

[12] J. H. Min and Y.-C. Lee, "Bankruptcy prediction using support ector machine with optimal choice of kernel function parameters," Expert systems with applications, vol. 28, pp. 603-614, 2005.

[13] Kab Ju Hwang, “ STLF Expert System”. IEEE Transactions KOROUS, IEEE, 2001.

[14] Ming-Guang Zhang. "Short-term load forecasting based on support vector machines regression." International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Vol. 7, pp. 4310-4314, 2005.

[15] Ying LC, Pan MC. “Using adaptive network based fuzzy inference system to forecast regional electricity loads” Energy Conversion and Management , vol.49, pp. 205–11, 2008

[16] M. U. Fahad and N. Arbab “Factor Affecting Short Term Load Forecasting” Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 305-309, October 2014.

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[19] G. Franco and A. Sanstad,“Climate change and electricity demand in California,” Climatic Change, vol. 87, pp. 139-151, 2007.

A Socio-Technical Survey of Micro Hydro Power Projects in District Shangla, Pakistan

Vol. 5, Issue 9, PP. 147-153, September 2018

Published online A Socio-Technical Survey of Micro Hydro Power Projects in District Shangla, Pakistan

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Abstract

Rural electrification requires to be designed in a sustainable way to improve the quality of life of rural communities. Pakistan is facing an acute energy crisis for years now. Pakistan’s energy mix mainly depends on indigenous natural gas and oil. Due to imports of oil and rapid decrease in gas reserves, there is a significant burden on the economy of Pakistan, which has forced the planners and policy makers to look for renewable energy sources. Micro Hydro Power (MHP) is an example of renewable energy which can be sustainable economically, environmentally and socially as Pakistan is rich in micro-hydro power especially the northern side. This paper analyses the outcomes from a field survey which is conducted in district Shangla, KPK Pakistan, where different agencies have implemented different MHP Projects (MHPPs). The quantitative and qualitative analyses have been used for comparing two MHPPs based on electricity tariff, community involvement, effect on the society and other factors. Quite a few issues were found due to lack of knowledge or unskilful operators in maintenance and operation in these MHPPs which are barriers to sustainable development. This research work concludes that these MHPPs requires proper management, quality work and skilful operators to have a sustainable and reliable system for the community. The MHPPs area already contributing significantly in the development of local communities.

Author

Cite

Ahmad Amin Noor Muhammad Maoz Saddam Ali Dr Abdul Basit and Dr Tanvir Ahmad, A Socio Technical Survey of Micro Hydro Power Projects in District Shangla Pakistan, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol 5 Issue 9 PP 147-153 September 2018, ,

References

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Farooqui, S.Z., 2014. Prospects of renewables penetration in the energy mix of Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, pp.693-700.
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Hussain, A. and Gillani, Z.A., 2014. Fulfilling environment related international commitments through implementation of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) in Pakistan. A scientific journal of COMSATS–Science Vision, 18, pp.1-2.
Paish, O., 2002. Small hydro power: technology and current status. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 6(6), pp.537-556.
Sharma, A.K. and Thakur, N.S., 2016. Analyze the factors effecting the development of hydro power projects in hydro rich regions of India. Perspectives in Science, 8, pp.406-408.
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An investigation on the Flow Behavior in the Airfoil of a Flapping Wing

Vol. 5, Issue 9, PP. 138-146, September 2018

Published online An investigation on the Flow Behavior in the Airfoil of a Flapping Wing

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Abstract

In this investigation, the two-dimensional dynamic analyses of the wing airfoil of a swing-wing micro air vehicle (MAV) were carried under restrained pitching and flapping oscillations, which varied in the 10-degree oscillation range and the 0.1-10 reduced frequency range. The flow was in a laminar flow with a Reynolds number of 1100. The objective of this simulation was to study the flow behavior in the dynamic motions in a dynamic stall regime. Similar studies on the dynamic stall regime with low Reynolds numbers have not resulted in a particular numerical solution and have separately studied the parameters influencing the numerical solution. The most critical dynamic motions that require utmost precision in numerical analyses were reviewed and validated in this research. The results of the numerical research analyses were compared to the experimental results obtained with a water tunnel.

Author

Cite

M.Amin Nikbakht and Soheil Mohtaram and Mohammad Hasan Moghadas, An Investigation on the Flow Behavior in the Airfoil of a Flapping Wing, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 9 PP. 138-146 September 2018,

References

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In-situ Combustion: Reservoir Candidacy/Project Selection Criteria(s) For Niger Delta Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Vol. 5, Issue 9, PP. 130-137, September 2018

Published online In-situ Combustion: Reservoir Candidacy/Project Selection Criteria(s) For Niger Delta Heavy Oil Reservoirs

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Abstract

There is a drastic need for the oil companies operating within the onshore(s) and offshore(s) of Nigeria to critically start looking at the various possibilities of heavy oil production from the nation’s various fields located in the Niger Delta region using already available Enhanced Oil Recovery techniques/methods such as In-situ combustion (ISC), CHOPS and SAGD. This study focused on In-situ combustion as a means of enhancing likely heavy oil production in the Niger Delta using the Nelson & McNeil 1961 ISC model. The study developed applicable screening criteria(s) for both reservoir candidacy and ISC project selection in the Niger Delta. Corresponding programs and flow-charts that would allow petroleum engineers in the Niger Delta to theoretically evaluate production performances using his/her computer(s) was also developed. It was discovered also during our course of work that all six reservoirs considered in both Case 1 (Venezuela reservoir) and Case 2 (Niger Delta reservoirs) met this study’s reservoir candidacy selection criteria(s) for possible applicability of an ISC project performance evaluation(s) with respect to enhancing oil production. These reservoirs were further graded / ranked based on their theoretical ISC project performances as calculated and evaluated using a well known ISC model as documented in the ISC handbook.

Author

Cite

Patrick Godwin Oyindobra Ossai and Ugochukwu Ilozurike Duru and Boniface Obah and Princewill Nnaemek, In situ Combustion Reservoir Candidacy/Project Selection Criteria(s) For Niger Delta Heavy Oil Re, International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 5 Issue 9 PP. 130-137 September 2018, ,

References

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Existence Criteria and Hyers-Ulam Theorem for a Coupled P-Laplacian System of Fractional Differential Equations

Vol. 5, Issue 5, PP. 76-86, May 2018

Published online Existence Criteria and Hyers-Ulam Theorem for a Coupled P-Laplacian System of Fractional Differential Equations

PDF

Dealing with high order coupled systems of FDEs through nonlinear p-Laplacian operator. We analyze existence, uniqueness & Hyer-Ulam stability (HUS) of the solutions by means of topological degree method. For this purpose, we transform the supposed problem into an integral system via Green�s function(s) and assume certain operator equivalent to the integral form of the problem. Then after, the results are proved with some necessary assumptions.

Author

Cite

Kiran Tabassum, Liu Xiangyang, Syed Furqan Rafique, Irfan Jamil, ,

References

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Geomechanical Principles of Hydraulic Fracturing Method in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs

Vol. 5, Issue 5, PP. 68-75, May 2018

Published online Geomechanical Principles of Hydraulic Fracturing Method in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs

ePub PDF

Abstract

Unconventional gas production from shale formation is not new to oil and gas experts worldwide. But our research work was built around hydraulic fracturing technique with focus on the Perkins Kern-Nordgren (PKN) 1972 hydraulic fracturing model(s). It is a very robust and flexible model that can be used on two major shale reservoirs (with the assumption of a fixed height and fracture fluid pressure). The essence was to compare detailed geo-mechanical parameters extracted from wire-line logs with Perkin-C model to select the right well as candidate for simulation. It aided in the prediction production of shale gas from tight shale formations. These also helped in reviewing safe and economical ways of obtaining clean energy sources. Based on similarities in well and formation properties our research team subjected IDJE-2 well (located in the Agbada shale Formation of Niger Delta, Nigeria) to various conditions, equations and assumptions proposed by the study model while also validating our results with the PENOBSCOT L-30 well, located in Canada (with existing profound results from stimulations). The PENOBSCOT L-30 well (Case 1) and IDJE-2 well (Case 2) were both subjected to same conditions, equations and assumptions as applicable to the study model to enable us compare and evaluate stimulation performances. But both cases tend to react differently. However the fluid behavior at constant injection time increases at about 99.64%. Whereas, the maximum width at wellbore shows that a constant increase of fracture width will yield an increase in propant permeability, tensile strength and Poissons ratio for Case 1 & 2. Our research results show how rock properties can affect fracture geometry and expected production rates from stimulated shale reservoir formations

Author

Cite

Solomon Anwana Unwana, Patrick Godwin Oyindobra Ossai, Ugochukwu Ilozurike Duru, Princewill Nnaemeka Ohia, Abrakasa Selegha, , , , , , , , , ,

References

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Runar Nygaard (2010), Geo-mechanical Analysis Wabamun Area CO2 Sequestration Project (WASP), University of Calgary, Institute of Energy, environment and Economy (ISEEE), Canada. PDF

Novel Approach to Develop an Efficient Boost Converter by Using Coupled Inductors

Vol. 5, Issue 4, PP. 61-67, April 2018

Published online Novel Approach to Develop an Efficient Boost Converter by Using Coupled Inductors

PDF

Abstract

This paper focuses on the new approach to develop an efficient Boost Converter by using coupled inductors. In order to eliminate voltage spikes, a buffer circuit is used in the converter. Coupling coils generate leakage flux, and energy in the leakage flux causes voltage spikes. With a high boost ratio, the active switches in the converter can maintain the proper duty cycle, which can significantly reduce voltage and current stress. Since the main switch and the auxiliary switch can be turned on by the zero voltage switching, the switching loss is reduced, and the conversion efficiency is significantly improved. In this paper, an experiment was conducted by building a 200W boost converter model. The results show that the conversion efficiency is greater than 90%, and the surge phenomenon can be effectively suppressed. Finally, the feasibility of low-voltage input systems was verified by photovoltaic and battery system.

Author

Cite

Mohsin Saeed, Gong Renxi, Muhammad Aurangzeb, Nadeem Asghar, , , ,

References

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[3] Irfan Jamil, Zhao Jinquan, Rehan Jamil, “Analysis, Design and Implementation of Zero-Current-Switching Resonant Converter DC-Dc Converter” International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE), Vol. 2, Issue 2, May 2013.
[4] O.K. Marti and H. Wino grad, Mercury Arc Rectifiers, Theory and Practice, McGraw-Hill, 1930, p.419, Fig. 221.
[5] X. Zhang, L. Jiang, J. Deng, et al. Analysis and design of a new soft-switching boost converter with a coupled inductor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(8): 4270-4277.
[6] M. Aurangzeb, Z. Jinquan, I. Jamil, and M. F. Ali, "Case study of development boost converter with coupled inductors for PV system applications," in Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), IEEE Annual, 2016, pp. 1-6.
[7] Zero-Voltage-Switching Boost Converter Using a Coupled Inductor Hyun-Lark Do Dept of Electronic and Information Eng., Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
[8] encon.fke.utm.my/courses/notes/MSc-Chopper.pdf‎
[9] G. Chen, Y. S. Lee, S.Y.R. Hui,D. H.Xu, and Y. S. Wang, “Actively clamped bidirectional fly back converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron ,vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 770–779, Aug. 2000.
[10] L. Schuch, C.Rech,H.L. Hey,H.A.Gründling,H.Pinheiro,andJ.R.Pinheiro, “Analysis and design of a new high-efficiency bidirectional integrated ZVT PWM converter for DC-bus and battery-bank interface,”IEEETrans.Ind.Appl.,vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 1321–1332, Sep./Oct.2006.

Classification Performance of Linear Binary Pattern and Histogram Oriented Features for Arabic Characters Images: A Review

Vol. 5, Issue 4, PP. 56-60, April 2018

Published online Classification Performance of Linear Binary Pattern and Histogram Oriented Features for Arabic Characters Images: A Review

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Abstract

There are millions of texts store in both off line and online forms. To utilize these documents properly, there is need of organizing these documents systematically and lots of applications are available for this purpose. Text classification is an important area of image processing deal with how the document belongs to its suitable class or category. Like other languages, Arabic language is also very rich and complex inflectional language which makes Arabic language very complex for ordinary analysis. In this review paper, we focus on the published research, especially in the field of Arabic text classification. Regard these all, three different types of feature extraction techniques are also implemented to extract features from different images of Arabic characters and presents a performance results of these techniques. From the result, it can be concluded that the combination of Linear binary pattern descriptor and Legendre moment, based moments features outperform and increase the accuracy of the LBP classifiers from 91.99 % to 93.12%.

Author

Cite

Sungin Behram Khan, Dr. Gulzar Ahmad, Faheem Ali, Farooq Faisal, Irfan Ahmed, Salman Elahi, , ,

References

[1] Fabrizio Sebastiani, “Machine learning in automated text categorization,” ACM computing surveys (CSUR), 34(1):1–47, 2002.
[2] Peter Jackson and Isabelle Moulinier, “Natural language processing for online applications:Text retrieval, extraction and categorization,” volume 5. John Benjamins Publishing, 2007.
[3] AM Mesleh, “ Support vector machine text classifier for arabic articles: Ant colony optimization-based feature subset selection, ”The Arab Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences, 2008.
[4] Franca Debole and Fabrizio Sebastiani, “An analysis of the relative hardness of reuters-21578 subsets, ” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,56(6):584–596, 2005.
[5] Abdelwadood Mohd Mesleh, “Support vector machines based arabic language text classification system: feature selection comparative study,” In Advances in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering, pages 11–16.Springer, 2008.
[6] Alaa M El-Halees.Arabic text classification using maximum entropy.”IUG Journa of Natural Studies, 15(1), 2015.
[7] Mostafa M Syiam, Zaki T Fayed, and Mena B Habib, “An intelligent system for arabic text Categorization,” International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Information Sciences, 6(1):1–19, 2006.
[8] Mohammad S Khorsheed and Abdulmohsen O Al-Thubaity,“ Comparative evaluation of text classification techniques using a large diverse arabic dataset, ” Language resources and evaluation, 47(2):513–538, 2013.
[9] Bassam Al-Shargabi, Waseem Al-Romimah, and Fekry Olayah, “A comparative study for arabic text classification algorithms based on stop words elimination, ” In Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Intelligent Semantic Web-Services and Applications, page 11. ACM, 2011.
[10] Lambert Schomaker, Katrin Franke, and Marius Bulacu, “Using codebooks of fragmented. Pattern Recog-nition Letters, ” 28(6):719–727, 2007.
[11] Horst Bunke and Kaspar Riesen, “Recent advances in graph-based pattern recognition with applications in document analysis, ” Pattern Recognition, 44(5):1057–1067, 2011.
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[13]H Al-Yousefi and SS Udpa, “Recognition of arabic characters,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 14(8):853–857, 1992.
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[15] Timo Ojala, Matti Pietik¨ainen, and David Harwood, “A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on featured distributions,” Pattern recognition, 29(1):51–59, 1996.
[16] Timo Ahonen, Abdenour Hadid, and Matti Pietik¨ainen, “Face recognition with local binary Patterns,” Computer vision-eccv 2004, pages 469–481, 2004.
[17] Navneet Dalal and Bill Triggs, “Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection,” In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR2005. IEEE Computer Society Conference on, volume 1, pages 886–893. IEEE,2005.
[18] Seung Eun Lee, Kyungwon Min, and Taeweon Suh, “Accelerating histograms of oriented gradients descriptor extraction for pedestrian recognition, ” Computers & Electrical Engineering, 39(4):1043–1048, 2013.
[19] Oscar D´eniz, Gloria Bueno, Jes´us Salido, and Fernando De la Torre, “ Face recognition using histograms of oriented gradients, ” Pattern Recognition Letters, 32(12):1598–1603,2011.
[20] Jon Arr´ospide, Luis Salgado, and Massimo Camplani,“ Image-based on-road vehicle detection using cost-effective histograms of oriented gradients, ” Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 24(7):1182–1190, 2013.
[21] Samir Al-Emami and Mike Usher, “On-line recognition of handwritten arabic characters,”IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 12(7):704–710, 1990.

Optimizing Computations in Intermittently Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes

Vol. 5, Issue 3, PP. 50-55, March 2018

Published online Optimizing Computations in Intermittently Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes

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Abstract

Communicating man and machine is always beneficial when their linkage is for information exchange. Information Communication Technologies (ICT) thus seek for such technologies and communication schemes where it can eliminate the use of frequent, time to time re-programming as well as charging/ topping up the battery resource. For the same purpose, researchers are always into the development of such Wireless networking based schemes where the battery constrains are minimized. Internet of things (IoT) is one of these emerging technologies. This research focuses on the implementation of IoT based techniques to minimize the battery re-charge time by studying the behavior of motes (Nodes in IoT) with respect to its information exchange, network throughput and power management. The research uses capacitor driven motes that can accept data wirelessly and transmit it directly after its reception or can restart the mote while the data is being preserved in its Read only flash. There different scenarios have been sequentially analyzed for incremental number of nodes from 2 to 15, whereas the capacitance is calculated for nominal data transfer. The results conclude that once the deployment of the network goes from scares to densely populated network, the charge due to the modeâ™s capacitance exponentially optimizes. The research concludes that lower number of nodes must be greater in order to use higher capacitance values whereas lower network density must follow the strategy of broadcasting its data without writing it on Read only flash memory.

Author

Cite

Hussain Ahmad, Jawad Ali, Syed Waqar Shah, Durre Nayab, , ,

References

[1]I. inâ™t Veen, "BLISP: Enhancing backscatter radio with active radio for computational RFIDs," Master’s thesis, TU Delft, 2015.
[2]Y. Yang, L. Wang, D. K. Noh, H. K. Le, and T. F. Abdelzaher, "Enhancing data reliability in solar-powered storage-centric sensor networks". In Proc. 7th Annual Int’l Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys-09), pages 333-346, ACM, 2009.
[3]P. D. Mitcheson et al., âœEnergy Harvesting From Human and Machine Motion for Wireless Electronic Devices,â Proc. IEEE, vol. 96, no. 9, pp.1457-1486, Sept. 2008.
[4]M. R. Mhetre et al., âœMicro energy harvesting for biomedical applications: A review,â Proc. ICECT 2011, vol. 3, pp. 1-5, 8-10 April 2011.
[5]B. Ransford et al., âœMementos: System Support for Long-Running Computation on RFID-Scale Devices,â ASPLOS11, Newport Beach, CA, USA, Mar. 5-11, 2011.
[6]P. A. Bernstein et al., âœConcurrency Control and Recovery in Database Systems,â Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing, Boston, USA 1987.
[7]Rose Yu, Thomas Whetteyne âœReliable, Low Power Wireless sensor networks for Internet of Things: Making Wireless Sensor as Accessible as Web Serverâ.
[8]C. E. Perkins, âœAd Hoc Networking,â Addison-Wesley, 2001.
[9]V. Rajendran, K. Obraczka, and J. J. Garacia-Luna-Aceves, âœEnergy- Efficient Collision-Free Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks,â Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, 2003, pp. 181â“192.
[10]L. F. W. Hoesel and P. J. M. Havinga, âœA Lightweight Medium Access Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,â Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems, 2004, pp. 205â“208.
[11]T. Hatauchi, Y.Fukuyama, M. Ishii, and T. Shikura, âœA Power Efficient Access Method by Polling for Wireless Mesh Network,â Transactions of IEEJ, Vol. C-128, No. 12, 2008, pp. 1761â“1766.
[12]R. Jurdak, P. Baldi, and C. V. Lopes, âœAdaptive Low Power Listening for Wireless Sensor Networks,â IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing, Vol. 6, No. 8, 2007, pp. 988â“1004.
[13]Anuj Sehgal, âœUsing the Contiki Cooja Simulatorâ.
[14]Texas Instrument Inc CC2420 Datasheet. Available on: http://www.ti.com/

Design of Optimal Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) Controller for Load Frequency Control (LFC) using Genetic Algorithm (G.A) in Power System

Vol. 5, Issue 3, PP. 40-49, March 2018

Published online Design of Optimal Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) Controller for Load Frequency Control (LFC) using Genetic Algorithm (G.A) in Power System

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Abstract

Nowadays power demand is increasing continuously and the biggest challenge for the power system is to provide good quality of power to the consumer under changing load conditions. When real power changes, system frequency gets affected while reactive power is dependent on variation in voltage value. For satisfactory operation the frequency of power system should be kept near constant value. Many techniques have been proposed to obtain constant value of frequency and to overcome any deviations. The Load Frequency Control (LFC) is used to restore the balance between load and generation by means of speed control. The main goal of LFC is to minimize the frequency deviations to zero. LFC incorporates an appropriate control system which is having the capability to bring the frequency of the Power system back to original set point values or very near to set point values effectively after the load change. This can be achieved by using a conventional controller like PID but the conventional controller is very slow in operation. Modern and optimal controllers are much faster and they also give better output response than conventional controllers. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is an advanced control technique in feedback control systems. It’s a control strategy based on minimizing a quadratic performance index. In despite of good results obtained from this method, the control design is not a straight forward task due to the trial and error involved in the selection of weight matrices Q and R. In this case, it may be hard to tune the controller parameters to obtain the optimal behaviour of the system. The difficulty to determine the weight matrices Q and R in LQR controller is solved using Genetic Algorithm (G.A). In this research Paper, G.A based LQG controller which is the combination of LQR and Kalman Filter is feedback in LFC using MATLAB/SIMULINK software package. Reduction in frequency deviations and settling time was successfully achieved by using LQG Controller with LFC based on G.A.

Author

Cite

Muddasar Ali, Syeda Tahreem Zahra, Khadija Jalal, Ayesha Saddiqa, Muhammad Faisal Hayat, , ,

References

[1] P. Prajapati, “Multi-Area Load Frequency Control (LFC) by various Conventional Controllers using Battery Energy Storage System (BES),” International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability (ICEETS) , ISSN: 978-1-4673, IEEE, 2016.
[2] G. S. Thakur, “Load frequency control (LFC) in single area with traditional Ziegler-Nichols PID tuning controller,” International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, vol. 2, no. 12, E-ISSN: 2321-9637, December 2014.
[3] M. Pal, “To Control Load Frequency by using Integral Controller,” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization), vol. 3, no. 5, May 2014.
[4] M. Wadi, “Optimal Controller for Load Frequency Control via LQR and Legendre wavelet function,” Journal of Automation and Control, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 43-47, © Science and Education Publishing, DOI: 10.12691/ automation-3-2-2, 2015.
[5] A. M. YOUSEF, “Improved Power System Stabilizer by Applying LQG Controller,” Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, ISBN: 978-1-61804-279-8.
[6] P.S. Kumar, “Load Frequency Control Of Multi Area Power System Using Fuzzy And Optimal Control Techniques,” International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER), vol. 2, no. 8, ISSN: 2455-1457, August 2016.
[7] S. K. Joshi, “Analysis of Load Frequency Control (LFC) using PID Controller,” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, vol. 4, no. 11, November 2014.
[8] Hadi Saadat, “Power System Analysis,” PSA Publishing, 2010
[9] Stefani, “Design of Feedback Control Systems,” 4th ed.
[10] A. Tewari, “Modern control design with Matlab”.
[11] A. H. Khan, “Optimized Reconfigurable Control Design for Aircraft using Genetic Algorithm,” Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 24, ISSN: 2040-7459; e-ISSN: 2040-7467, Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.
[12] Bingbing Wu, “Design and implementation of the inverted pendulum optimal controller based on hybrid genetic algorithm,” International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering, (AMCCE 2015).
[13] S. A. Ghoreishi, “Optimal Design of LQR Weighting Matrices based on Intelligent Optimization Methods,” International Journal of Intelligent Information Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, March 2011.
[14] K. J, Astrom, and R. M. Murray, “An Introduction to Feedback System,” Princeton University Press, April 2010.
[15] C. Concordia, and L. K. Kirchmayer, “Tie line power and frequency control of electric power systems,” Amer. Inst. Elect. Eng. Trans., Pt. II, vol. 72, pp. 562 572, June 1953.
[16] N. Cohn, “Some Aspects of Tie-line Bias Control on Interconnected Power Systems,” Amer. Inst. Elect. Eng. Trans., vol. 75, pp. 1415-1436, February 1957.
[17] O. I. Elgerd, and C. Fosha, “Optimum Megawatt Frequency Control of Multi-area Electric Energy Systems,” IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-89, no. 4, pp. 556–563, April 1970.
[18] R. K. Green, “ Transformed Automatic Generation Control,” IEEE Trans.Power Syst., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1799–1804, November 1996.
[19] D. Das, J. Nanda, M. L. Kothari, and D. P. Kothari, “Automatic Generation Control of Hydro Thermal system with new area control error considering generation rate constraint,” Elect. Mach. Power Syst., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 461– 471, Nov./Dec. 1990
[20] R. K. Cavin, M. C. Budge Jr., and P. Rosmunsen, “An Optimal Linear System Approach to Load Frequency Control (LFC),” IEEE Trans. On Power Apparatus and System, pp. 2472-2482, PAS-90, Nov./Dec. 1971.
[21] V. F. Montagner, “A Robust LQR Applied To A Boost Converter With Response Optimized Using A Genetic Algorithm,” Power Electronics and Control Research Group, Federal University of Santa Maria ,97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Effect of Sandstone on Concrete Procedure With Plastic Synthetic Aggregate

Vol. 5, Issue 2, PP. 37-39, February 2018

Published online Effect of Sandstone on Concrete Procedure With Plastic Synthetic Aggregate

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Abstract

In this research work, the effect of sandstone (SS) on concrete produced with plastic synthetic aggregate (PSA) was investigated. A mix proportion of 1:1.6:3.6 with water cement ratio of 0.50 were used. The percentage replacement of coarse aggregate (CA) with plastic synthetic aggregate and plastic synthetic aggregate/sandstone used were 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Concrete cubes of 150mmxl50mmxl50mm of CA/PSA and CA/PSA/SS were cast and cured at 3.7,28,60 and 90 days respectively. At the ends of each hydration period, the concrete cubes were crushed and their .compressive strength was determined. The result of compressive strength of 5-40% replacement of coarse aggregate with plastic synthetic aggregate ranges from 8.07-36.7lN/mm2 as against 24.55- 41.21N/mm2 for the control test. The result of the compressive strength of 5-40% replacement of coarse aggregate with plastic synthetic aggregate and sandstone ranges from 5.05-31.75N/mm2 as against 24.58- 41.21N/mm2 for the control test. The workability for 5-40% replacement of coarse aggregate with plastic synthetic aggregate ranges from 15-68mm as against 8mm for the control test (0% replacement).

Author

Cite

Uzoh U.E, Mbadike E.M, , ,

References

[1] Elvis M. Mbadike and Ezeokpube G.C. (2014): Effect of Plastic Sunthetic aggregate in the production of Lightweight concrete. Journal of Advances in Biotechnology, USA, No 1, Vol 2, pp 83-88.
[2] Cook, D.J. (2013): Coarse aggregate polystyrene granules mixes for use in masonry unit„building and environment, pp 150-182.
[3] Sri Ravindrarajah, R. (2012): Bearing strength of concrete containing polystyrene aggregate, 8th International conference on durability of buildings materials and components, Vancouver, Canada, Vol 1, pp 505-514.
[4] Basheer P.A.M, McCabe C.C and Long A.E (2014): “The influenceof admixture on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete”. Journal of scientific Industrial Research, Vol 8, pp 199-214.
[5] Chatterji A.K. (2011): “Adsorption of lime and Pozzolanic activity; Journal of scientific Industrial Research Vol 20, pp 490-495.
[6] Pimienta P, Remond S, Rodrigues N. and Boumazel J.P (2011). Assessing the properties of mortar containing municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. International congress creating with concrete, University of Dundee, pp 319-326.
[7] Remond S, Punicnta P, and Bentz, D.P (2010): Effect of Incorporation of municipal solid waste fly ash in concrete. Journal of cement and Concrete Research, vol 10, pp 12-14.
[8] British Standard Institution, BS 877 (1967): Foamed or expanded blast furnace slag lightweight aggregate in concrete “. London, pp8.
[9] British standard institution BS 3797 (1964): “Lightweight aggregates for concrete”, London, pp8.
[10] British standard institution, BS 12 (1978): “Specification for Ordinary and Rapid Portland cement, London, pp 38.
[11] Neville A.M. (1981). “properties of concret “ 3rd Edition, Pitman, New York.
[12] Neville A.M. (2000): “Properties of concrete” 4th edition Pearson Education, Asia Pte Ltd, England.
[13] Khan M.J. Lynadaic C. and Waldron P. (2013): Interaction of plastic synthetic aggregate and silica fume influence on concrete strength, A vision for the next millennium, R Swarmy edition, Sheffield Academic Press, pp 300-309.

A Novel Method for Insulation Testing of High Voltage Electrical Equipment

Vol. 5, Issue 2, PP. 32-36, February 2018

Published online A Novel Method for Insulation Testing of High Voltage Electrical Equipment

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Abstract

Different equipment’s are used to test the insulation of electrical machines and measure the break down voltages of different materials, e.g. Rogowski Profile, Borda Profile and fluke insulation tester. These testing techniques works on a common principle of applying a very high voltage across the insulating material and keep increasing the voltage which increases the electric field until the breakdown voltage is reached where the insulation breaks down. Different materials are tested via insulation testers to determine their breakdown voltages so that the corresponding correct materials are used accordingly in different situations. Devices with higher impurities causes sparks and arcing, so dielectrics having higher breakdowns should be used as their insulation, otherwise, a suitable dielectric should be used. This paper offers a novel method to overcome the above-mentioned problems using an insulation testing device that should be automated, less bulky, less expensive, portable and which shall be easy to use with higher degree of safety.

Author

Cite

Taimur Khan, Adnan Haleem, , ,

References

[1] I. A. Metwally, "-Dot Probe for Fast-Front High-Voltage Measurement," in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 2211-2219, Aug. 2010.doi: 10.1109/TIM.2009.2030928
[2] T. R. Blackburn, C. Grantham, B. T. Phung, Z. Y. Liu, M. F. Rahman and J. X. Jin, "High voltage insulation test for high Tc superconducting types," Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, Beijing, 2013, pp. 241-244.doi: 10.1109/ ASEMD.2013.6780753
[3] IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing," in ANSI/IEEE Std 4-1978 , vol., no.,pp.0_1-,1978doi:10.1109 / IEEESTD.1978.119190
[4] D. Pan, H. W. Li and B. M. Wilamowski, "A low voltage to high voltage level shifter circuit for MEMS application," University/Government/Industry Microelectronics Symposium, 2003. Proceedings of the 15th Biennial, 2003, pp. 128-131. doi: 10.1109/UGIM.2003.1225712
[5] R. R. M. Pendor, Z. Abas and A. K. Yahya, "Winchester-Banana platform for high temperature and high-voltage reliability testing with voltage monitoring capability," 36th International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Conference, Johor Bahru, 2014, pp.1-7.doi: 10.1109 /IEMT.2014.7123113
[6] K. A. O Connor and R. D. Curry, "High voltage characterization of high dielectric constant composites," 2010 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Atlanta,GA,2010,pp.159-162.doi: 10.1109 /IPMHVC.2010.5958318
[7] R. Minkner, "Development trends in medium- and high voltage technologies for measuring systems, filters and bushings," Power Tech, 2005 IEEE Russia, St. Petersburg, 2005,pp.1-8.doi: 10.1109/PTC.2005.4524818.
[8] M. S. Naidu and V. Kamaraju, High Voltage Enginnering, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.
[9]E. Kuffel, W. S. Zaengl, and J. Kuffel, High Voltage Engineering. Fundamentals, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2nd edition, 2000.

Research in Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motor based on MRAS Technique

Vol. 5, Issue 2, PP. 21-31, February 2018

Published online Research in Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motor based on MRAS Technique

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Abstract

Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) represents one of the most attractive and popular solutions for sensorless control of AC drive. According to the principle of asynchronous motor vector control，taking two phase rotating coordinates current model as the adjustable model and improved voltage model as reference model，a speed sensorless vector control system is built The model reference adaptive system (MRAS) method is used to identify system speed .Model reference adaptive system method is applied to asynchronous motor speed estimation and achieves speed sensorless control of asynchronous motor. The approach is implemented on Matlab /Simulink software．The simulation results show that the system has good control performance and accuracy. It proves the feasibility and practicability of the system.

Author

Cite

Kader Ali Ibrahim, Shen Yan-Xia, Hoch Omar Hoche, , , ,

References

[1] Zerdali E, Barut M (2016) Novel version of bi input-extended Kalman filter for speed-sensorless control of induction motors with estimations of rotor and stator resistances, load torque, and inertia. Turk J Electr Eng Comput Sci 24 (5):4525-4544. doi:10.3906/elk-1408-136
[2] Usta MA, Okumus HI, Kahveci H (2017) A simplified three-level SVM-DTC induction motor drive with speed and stator resistance estimation based on extended Kalman filter. Electr Eng 99 (2):707-720. doi:10.1007/s00202-016-0442-x
[3] Kung YS, Thanh NP, Wang MS (2015) Design and simulation of a sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with microprocessor-based PI controller and dedicated hardware EKF estimator. Appl Math Model 39 (19):5816-5827. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2015.02.034
[4] Inan R, Barut M (2014) Bi input-extended Kalman filter-based speed-sensorless control of an induction machine capable of working in the field-weakening region. Turk J Electr Eng Comput Sci 22 (3):588-604. doi:10.3906/elk-1208-31
[5] Venkadesan A, Himavathi S, Muthuramalingam A (2013) Performance comparison of neural architectures for on-line flux estimation in sensor-less vector-controlled IM drives. Neural Comput Appl 22 (7-8):1735-1744. doi:10.1007/s00521-012-1107-y
[6] Gutierrez-Villalobos JM, Rodriguez-Resendiz J, Rivas-Araiza EA, Martinez-Hernandez MA (2015) Sensorless FOC Performance Improved with On-Line Speed and Rotor Resistance Estimator Based on an Artificial Neural Network for an Induction Motor Drive. Sensors 15 (7):15311-15325. doi:10.3390/s150715311
[7] Maiti S, Verma V, Chakraborty C, Hori Y (2012) An Adaptive Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drive With Artificial Neural Network for Stability Enhancement. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 8 (4):757-766. doi:10.1109/tii.2012.2210229
[8] Mouna B, Aicha A, Lassaad S (2011) Neural Network Speed Sensor less Direct Vector Control of Induction Motor Using Fuzzy Logic in Speed Control Loop. Int Rev Electr Eng-IREE 6 (5):2237-2246
[9] Mishra RN, Mohanty KB (2017) Implementation of feedback-linearization-modelled induction motor drive through an adaptive simplified neuro-fuzzy approach. Sadhana-Acad Proc Eng Sci 42 (12):2113-2135. doi:10.1007/s12046-017-0741-6
[10] Kilic E, Ozcalik HR, Yilmaz S (2016) Efficient speed control of induction motor using RBF based model reference adaptive control method. Automatika 57 (3):714-723. doi:10.7305/automatika.2017.02.1330
[11] Wang SY, Tseng CL, Chiu CJ (2015) Design of a novel adaptive TSK-fuzzy speed controller for use in direct torque control induction motor drives. Appl Soft Comput 31:396-404. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2015.03.008
[12] Zbede YB, Gadoue SM, Atkinson DJ (2016) Model Predictive MRAS Estimator for Sensorless Induction Motor Drives. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 63 (6):3511-3521. doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2521721
[13] Holakooie MH, Taheri A, Sharifian MBB (2015) MRAS Based Speed Estimator for Sensorless Vector Control of a Linear Induction Motor with Improved Adaptation Mechanisms. J Power Electron 15 (5):1274-1285. doi:10.6113/jpe.2015.15.5.1274
[14] Brandstetter P, Dobrovsky M, Kuchar M, Dong CST, Vo HH (2017) Application of BEMF-MRAS with Kalman filter in sensorless control of induction motor drive. Electr Eng 99 (4):1151-1160. doi:10.1007/s00202-017-0613-4
[15] Kumar R, Das S, Syam P, Chattopadhyay AK (2015) Review on model reference adaptive system for sensorless vector control of induction motor drives. IET Electr Power Appl 9 (7):496-511. doi:10.1049/iet-epa.2014.0220
[16] Dehghan-Azad E, Gadoue S, Atkinson D, Slater H, Barrass P, Blaabjerg F (2018) Sensorless Control of IM Based on Stator-Voltage MRAS for Limp-Home EV Applications. IEEE Trans Power Electron 33 (3):1911-1921. doi:10.1109/tpel.2017.2695259
[17] Kumar R, Das S (2017) MRAS-based speed estimation of grid-connected doubly fed induction machine drive. IET Power Electron 10 (7):13. doi:10.1049/iet-pel.2016.0768

Grid Integration of Multistring Photovoltaic Plants with Modular Multilevel Converter

Vol. 5, Issue 2, PP. 16-20, February 2018

Published online Grid Integration of Multistring Photovoltaic Plants with Modular Multilevel Converter

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Abstract

This paper presents the application of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for connecting multistring photovoltaic generation plant. The proposed approach makes it possible for an increased PV plant capacity to be integrated with the grid, while also improving efficiency of conversion and power quality. To increase the efficiency of individual PV module, a DC-DC boost converter is employed with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The MPPT is implemented by employing Perturb & Observe (P&O) algorithm. The PV modules with DC-DC boost converters are connected in parallel to form a DC bus which is connected to the utility grid with MMC. The MMC inverts the DC bus voltage for interfacing to the grid while maintaining the DC bus voltage constant. The simulation of the overall system in Simulink/MATLAB verifies the validity of the proposed system.

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Ahmad Kamal, Abdul Basit, ,

References

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Static VAR Compensator for Weak Grid Systems

Vol. 5, Issue 1, PP. 10-15, January 2018

Published online Static VAR Compensator for Weak Grid Systems

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Abstract

In our daily routine life majority of electric loads usedare inductive in nature. Adequate supply of active power and reactive power must be supplied to these loads to ensure proper operation. If not provided with required active power and reactive power, these inductive loads burdens the system unnecessarily. Hence resulting in low power factor.In a local electrical distribution system it in uneconomical to upgrade existing network for improvement of power factor.In weak grid system residential consumers use voltage stabilizers to cope up with poor quality of voltage, while industrial consumers use switched capacitors. But voltage stabilizers regulate the voltage on cost of drawing more current from system. On the other hand switched capacitors technology is not robust enough to handle instant variations in power demand. Low power factor on local grid systems can be addressed using static var compensators. In this paper designing of SVC for local grid system is discussed.

Author

Cite

Muhammad Kashif Khan, Abdul Basit, Faheem Ali, ,

References

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[7] Ohtake, Asuka, et al. "Development of 200-Mvar class thyristor switched capacitor supporting fault ride-through." Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Hiroshima 2014-ECCE-ASIA), 2014 International. IEEE, 2014.
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[9] Zemerick, Scott Alan. Design of a Prototype Personal Static VAR Compensator. Diss. West Virginia University Libraries, 2002.
[10] Dr BV Sumangala. "Implementation of Thyristor Switched Capacitor for Reactive Power Compensation at Secondary of Distribution Level Feeders for Voltage Stability Improvement." International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol 2 (2013): 322-329.
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Optimum Sizing and Siting for DG Unitsusing Hybrid 2/3 Rule and Harmony Search Algorithm

Vol. 5, Issue 1, PP. 1-9, January 2018

Published online Optimum Sizing and Siting for DG Unitsusing Hybrid 2/3 Rule and Harmony Search Algorithm

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Abstract

The electrical energy one of most important basics of modern lifeand the demand on this energy increase consciously. Which make some challenges to operators to increase the generation to feed the growing demand. This growth lead to extend the centralized plant to provide distribution network by required energy also lead them to develop transmission system. This method is so costly where it is required money to extend the power system. An appearance of distributed generation DG is considered a solution for these problems and can reduce the cost where it provides the load by electricity in customer side without passing through transmission system. While the aim target from DG is supporting the grid and improve power quality, voltage profile, reduction of power losses and reliability. In this paper will discuss sizing and siting the distributed generation in the grid. In this work introduced hybrid method where it is used 2/3 rule and harmony search algorithm to find optimum location and sizing respectively. This work is done under several loading cases up to 250 % from normal load also compared with other researches in this filed used the same model (IEEE 33 bus redial distribution system ) that used in this paper. MTLAB software used to complete this research.

Author

Cite

Abdulsalam A. Aloukili, Metwally A. El-Sharkawy, Mahmoud A. Attia, , ,

References

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