Archive

Author

Cite

References

[1]      A. Kumar and S. R. Samadder, “A review on technological options of waste to energy for effective management of municipal solid waste,” Waste Manag., vol. 69, pp. 407–422, 2017.

[2]      P. Hoornweg, Daniel, Bhada-Tata, “What a waste - a global review on solid waste,” vol. 1, no. 5, p. 116, 2012.

[3]      D. Moya, C. Aldás, D. Jaramillo, E. Játiva, and P. Kaparaju, “ScienceDirect ScienceDirect Waste-To-Energy Technologies : an opportunity of energy recovery from Municipal Solid Waste, using Quito - Ecuador as case study,” Energy Procedia, vol. 134, pp. 327–336, 2017.

[4]      S. Aatif and M. Naeem Arbab, “Capacity Estimation of Power Generation from MSW of Peshawar City,” Int. J. Comput. Appl., vol. 111, no. 15, pp. 40–45, 2015.

[5]      M. J. S. Zuberi and S. F. Ali, “Greenhouse effect reduction by recovering energy from waste landfills in Pakistan,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 44, pp. 117–131, 2015.

[6]      C. E. Palacio et al., “Municipal Solid Waste Management and Energy Recovery José.”

[7]      D. Moya, C. Aldás, G. López, and P. Kaparaju, “Municipal solid waste as a valuable renewable energy resource: A worldwide opportunity of energy recovery by using Waste-To-Energy Technologies,” in Energy Procedia, 2017.

[8]      International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 2016. Renewable EnergyStatistics.

[9]      (accessed 21.03.2017).

[10]   World Energy Council, “World Energy Resources 2016,” World Energy Counc. 2016, pp. 6–46, 2016.

[11]   G. Ali and N. A. Molla, “Selection of Appropriate Technology for Solid Waste Management: A Case of Thammasat Hospital, Thailand. Himalayan Adaptation, Water and Resilience (HI-AWARE) Research View project Climate change policies in Asia View project,” no. April, 2010.

[12]   S. T. Tan, W. S. Ho, H. Hashim, C. T. Lee, M. R. Taib, and C. S. Ho, “Energy, economic and environmental (3E) analysis of waste-to-energy (WTE) strategies for municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Malaysia,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 102, pp. 111–120, 2015.

[13]   K. A. Kalyani and K. K. Pandey, “Waste to energy status in India: A short review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 31, pp. 113–120, 2014.

[14]   R. Intharathirat and P. Abdul Salam, “Valorization of MSW-to-Energy in Thailand: Status, Challenges and Prospects,” Waste and Biomass Valorization, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 31–57, 2016.

[15]   D. Moya, J. Paredes, and P. Kaparaju, “Technical , financial , economic and environmental pre-feasibility study of geothermal power plants by RETScreen – Ecuador ’ s case study,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 92, no. December 2017, pp. 628–637, 2018.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      REN21. (2019). Renewables Global Status Report- REN21. [Online] Available at: http://www.ren21.net/status-of-renewables/global-status-report

[2]      W. Qiao and R. G. Harley, “Grid Connection Requirements and Solutions for DFIG Wind Turbines,” 2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference, 2008.

[3]      FERC - Interconnection of Wind Energy, 18 CFR Part 35, Docket No. RM05-4-001; Order No. 661-A December 12, 2005.

[4]      B. B. Ambati, P. Kanjiya, and V. Khadkikar, “A Low         Component Count Series Voltage Compensation Scheme for DFIG WTs to Enhance Fault Ride-Through Capability,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 208–217, 2015

[5]      D. A and S. A “Comparison of fault ride-through strategies for wind turbines with DFIM generators”. IEEE European conference on power electronics and applications, New York ,2005, Dresden, pp. 1–8.:

[6]       J. Morren and S.W.H. de Haan, “Ridet hrough of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator during a voltage dip,” IEEE Trans.Energy Convers., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 435 – 441, June 2005.

[7]      J. Lopez, P. Sanchis, X. Roboam, and L. Marroyo, “Dynamic behaviour of the doubly fed induction generator during three-phase voltage dips,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 709 – 717, Sept. 2007.

[8]      X. Kong, Z. Zhang, X. Yin and M. Wen, “Study of fault current characteristics of the DFIG considering dynamic response of the RSC,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 278-287, June. 2014

[9]      W. Chen, F. Blaabjerg, N. Zhu, M. Chen and D. Xu, “Doubly fed induction generator wind turbine system subject to symmetrical recurring grid faults”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., early access, 2015.

[10]   S. Seman, J. Niiranen, S. Kanerva, A. Arkkio, and J. Saitz, “Performance study of a doubly fed wind-power induction generator under network disturbances,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 883 – 890, December 2006.

[11]   I. Erlich, H. Wrede, and C. Feltes, “Dynamic behavior of DFIG-based wind turbines during grid faults,” in Proc. 38th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Orlando, FL, USA, June 17-21, 2007, pp. 1195-1200.

[12]   A. Hansen, G. Michalke, P. Sørensen, F. Iov, and T. Lund, “Coordinated voltage control of DFIG wind turbines in uninterrupted operation during grid faults,” Wind & Solar Energy Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, Aug. 2006.

[13]   P. Kumar and A. K. Singh.” Grid Codes goals and challenges” Electrical Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India e-mail: pradeepkumar@ieee.orgA. K. Singh e-mail: asheesh@mnnit.ac.in

[14]   K. E. Okedu, S. M. Muyeen, R. Takahashi, and J. Tamura, “Application of SDBR with DFIG to augment wind farm fault ride through,” 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011.

[15]    R. Sarrias, L. M. Fernández, C. A. García, and F. Jurado, “Coordinate operation of power sources in a doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine/battery hybrid power system,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 205, pp. 354–366, 2012.

[16]    F. Lima, A. Luna, P. Rodriguez, E. Watanabe, and F. Blaabjerg, “Rotor Voltage Dynamics in the Doubly Fed Induction Generator During Grid Faults,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 118–130, 2010.

[17]    S. Xiao, G. Yang, H. Zhou, and H. Geng, “Analysis of the control limit for rotor-side converter of doubly fed induction generator-based wind energy conversion system under various voltage dips,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 71–81, 2013.

[18]    W. Guo, L. Xiao, S. Dai, Y. Li, X. Xu, W. Zhou, and L. Li, “LVRT Capability Enhancement of DFIG With Switch-Type Fault Current Limiter,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 332–342, 2015.

[19]    K. Young, V. Utkin, and U. Ozguner, “A control engineers guide to sliding mode control,” Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems. - VSS96 -.

[20]    Mohan, Ned. Advanced electric drives: analysis, control, and modeling using MATLAB/Simulink. John wiley & sons, 2014.

[21]   Niiranen, Jouko. "Voltage dip ride through of a doubly-fed generator equipped with an active crowbar." In Nordic wind power conference, vol. 1. Chalmers University of Technology Sweden, 2004.

[22]    J. K. Huusom, N. K. Poulsen, S. B. Jørgensen, and J. B. Jørgensen, “ARX-Model based Model Predictive Control with Offset-Free Tracking,” Computer Aided Chemical Engineering 20th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, pp. 601–606, 2010.

[23]    J. K. Huusom, N. K. Poulsen, S. B. Jørgensen, and J. B. Jørgensen, “Tuning SISO offset-free Model Predictive Control based on ARX models,” Journal of Process Control, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1997–2007, 2012.

[24]    R. Chudamani, C. Ramalingam, and K. Vasudevan, “Non-linear least-squares-based harmonic estimation algorithm for a shunt active power filter,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 134–146, 2009.

[25]    S. Hu, X. Lin, Y. Kang, and X. Zou, “An Improved Low-Voltage Ride-Through Control Strategy of Doubly Fed Induction Generator During Grid Faults,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 3653–3665, 2011.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      J.-P. Correa-Baena et al., “Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells,” Science (80-. )., vol. 358, no. 6364, pp. 739–744, 2017.

[2]      T. Leijtens, K. A. Bush, R. Prasanna, and M. D. McGehee, “Opportunities and challenges for tandem solar cells using metal halide perovskite semiconductors,” Nat. Energy, vol. 3, no. 10, p. 828, 2018.

[3]      G. E. Eperon, M. T. Hörantner, and H. J. Snaith, “Metal halide perovskite tandem and multiple-junction photovoltaics,” Nat. Rev. Chem., vol. 1, no. 12, p. 95, 2017.

[4]      “Best Research-Cell Efficiencies, available online. [Accessed: 20 October 2019], 2019.”

[5]      W. Shockley and H. J. Queisser, “Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p‐n junction solar cells,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 510–519, 1961.

[6]      A. De Vos, “Detailed balance limit of the efficiency of tandem solar cells,” J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., vol. 13, no. 5, p. 839, 1980.

[7]      P. Löper et al., “Organic-inorganic halide perovskite/crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem solar cells,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1619–1629, 2015.

[8]      C. D. Bailie et al., “Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells for tandems with silicon and CIGS,” Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 956–963, 2015.

[9]      J. Zheng et al., “21.8% efficient monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell on 16 cm2,” ACS Energy Lett., vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 2299–2300, 2018.

[10]   “Imec Perovskite/CIGS tandem cell with Record Efficiency of 24.6 percent Paves the Way for Flexible Solar Cells and High-Efficiency Building-Integrated PV 2018.[Online]. Available:(https://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/perovskite-cigs-tandem- cell-with-rec,” 2018.

[11]   M. Jost et al., “21.6%-Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Tandem Solar Cells with Thin Conformal Hole Transport Layers for Integration on Rough Bottom Cell Surfaces,” ACS Energy Lett., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 583–590, 2019.

[12]   D. Zhao et al., “Four-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells achieving power conversion efficiencies exceeding 23%,” ACS Energy Lett., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 305–306, 2018.

[13]   S. Albrecht et al., “Monolithic perovskite/silicon-heterojunction tandem solar cells processed at low temperature,” Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 81–88, 2016.

[14]   “"PVlighthouse,.” [Online]. Available: https://www.pvlighthouse.com.au/sunsolve.” .

[15]   P. D. Paulson, R. W. Birkmire, and W. N. Shafarman, “Optical characterization of CuIn 1− x Ga x Se 2 alloy thin films by spectroscopic ellipsometry,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 879–888, 2003.

[16]   A. Rajagopal et al., “Highly efficient perovskite–perovskite tandem solar cells reaching 80% of the theoretical limit in photovoltage,” Adv. Mater., vol. 29, no. 34, p. 1702140, 2017.

[17]   [17] Z. Song, C. Chen, C. Li, R. A. Awni, D. Zhao, and Y. Yan, “Wide-bandgap, low-bandgap, and tandem perovskite solar cells,” Semicond. Sci. Technol., vol. 34, no. 9, p. 93001, 2019.

[18]   J. Y. Zhengshan and Z. C. Holman, “Predicting the Efficiency of the Silicon Bottom Cell in a Two-Terminal Tandem Solar Cell,” in 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), 2017, pp. 3250–3253.

[19]   D. Zhao et al., “Efficient two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells enabled by high-quality low-bandgap absorber layers,” Nat. Energy, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 1093, 2018.

[20]   M. T. Hörantner et al., “The potential of multijunction perovskite solar cells,” ACS Energy Lett., vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 2506–2513, 2017.

Author

Cite

References

[1]   Samir R. Das Mahesh K. Marina, "Routing Performance in the Presence of Unidirectional Links in Multihop Wireless Networks," Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing, pp. 12-23, 2002.

[2]   Zygmunt J. Haas, Benjamin P. Manvell Marc R. Pearlman, "Using Multi-Hop Acknowledgements to Discover and Reliably Communicate over Unidirectional Links in Ad Hoc Networks," in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2000.

[3]   RAVI PRAKASH, "A Routing Algorithm forWireless Ad Hoc Networks with Unidirectional Links," Wireless Networks , vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 617-625, 2001.

[4]   Daniel Mossé Venugopalan Ramasubramanian, "BRA: A Bidirectional Routing Abstraction for Asymmetric Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, pp. 116-129, 2008.

[5]   SHIOW-FEN HWANG, CHYI-REN DOW YI-YU SU, "An Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Algorithm in Ad Hoc Networks with Unidirectional Links," JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, pp. 1409-1428, 2008.

[6]   Jian-de Lu, Jia-jia Tang Zhen-zhong Wang, "Neighbor Monitoring Mechanism to Solve Unidirectional Link Problem in MANET," in Wireless and Mobile Communications, International Conference, 2007, pp. 55-59.

[7]   LIU Yuan-an, LIU Kai-ming, ZHAI Lin-bo, YANG Ming ZHUANG Lin, "An adaptive algorithm for connecting mobile ad hoc network to Internet with unidirectional links supported," The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, pp. 44-49, 2010.

[8]   Sung-Ju Lee, Jun-Beom Lee Young-Bae Ko, "Ad Hoc Routing with Early Unidirectionality Detection and Avoidance," in IFIP International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications, 2004, pp. 132-146.

[9]   Y. Hu, D. Maltz D. Johnson, "Request for Comments: 4728 (The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR))," Rice University, Microsoft Research, Experimental 2007.

[10] Jorg Nolte Reinhardt Karnapke, "Unidirectional Link Counter - A Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Many Unidirectional Links," in 14th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop , 2015.

[11] Juan-Antonio Cordero , Jiazi Yi , Yuichi Igarashi Thomas Clausen, "Use ’em or lose ’em: On unidirectional links in reactive routing protocols," Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 51-64, 2018.

[12] Y.Hui Y.Fengjie, "Research on DSDV routing protocol based on wireless mesh network," in Chinese control and decision conference, 2018.

Author

Cite

References

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Aragao, F. (2007). Effects of aggregates on properties and performance of mastics and superpave hot mix asphalt mixtures.J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.

[2]      Benhelal, E., Zahedi, G., Shamsaei, E., & Bahadori, A. (2013). Global strategies and potentials to curb CO2 emissions in cement industry. Journal of cleaner production, 51, 142-161.

[3]      Cheah, C. B., & Ramli, M. (2011). The implementation of wood waste ash as a partial cement replacement material in the production of structural grade concrete and mortar: An overview. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(7), 669-685.

[4]      Dmitrienko, M. A., & Strizhak, P. A. (2018). Coal-water slurries containing petrochemicals to solve problems of air pollution by coal thermal power stations and boiler plants: An introductory review. Science of the Total Environment, 613, 1117-1129.

[5]      Drochytka, R., Zach, J., Korjenic, A., & Hroudová, J. (2013). Improving the energy efficiency in buildings while reducing the waste using autoclaved aerated concrete made from power industry waste. Energy and Buildings, 58, 319-323.

[6]      Formosa, L. M., Mallia, B., Bull, T., & Camilleri, J. (2012). The microstructure and surface morphology of radiopaque tricalcium silicate cement exposed to different curing conditions. Dental Materials, 28(5), 584-595.

[7]      Kampa, M., & Castanas, E. (2008). Human health effects of air pollution. Environmental pollution, 151(2), 362-367.

[8]      Kazmi, Syed MS, Safeer Abbas, Muhammad A. Saleem, Muhammad J. Munir, and Anwar Khitab. "Manufacturing of sustainable clay bricks: Utilization of waste sugarcane bagasse and rice husk ashes." Construction and building materials 120 (2016): 29-41.

[9]      Madlool, N. A., Saidur, R., Hossain, M. S., & Rahim, N. A. (2011). A critical review on energy use and savings in the cement industries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(4), 2042-2060.

[10]   Meddah, M. S., Zitouni, S., & Belâabes, S. (2010). Effect of content and particle size distribution of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 24(4), 505-512.

[11]   Pascale, G., Di Leo, A., & Bonora, V. (2003). Nondestructive assessment of the actual compressive strength of high-strength concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 15(5), 452-459.

[12]   Qian, Z., Garboczi, E. J., Ye, G., & Schlangen, E. (2016). Anm: a geometrical model for the composite structure of mortar and concrete using real-shape particles. Materials and Structures, 49(1-2), 149-158.

[13]   Sajedi, F., & Shafigh, P. (2012). High-strength lightweight concrete using leca, silica fume, and limestone. Arabian journal for Science and engineering, 37(7), 1885-1893.

[14]   Schneider, M., Romer, M., Tschudin, M., & Bolio, H. (2011). Sustainable cement production—present and future. Cement and concrete research, 41(7), 642-650.

[15]   Siddique, R. (2012). Utilization of wood ash in concrete manufacturing. Resources, conservation and Recycling, 67, 27-33.

[16]   Wang, H. T., and L. C. Wang. "Experimental study on static and dynamic mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete." Construction and Building Materials 38 (2013): 1146-1151.

[17]   Wongkeo, W., & Chaipanich, A. (2010). Compressive strength, microstructure and thermal analysis of autoclaved and air cured structural lightweight concrete made with coal bottom ash and silica fume. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527(16-17), 3676-3684.

Yasar, E., Atis, C. D., Kilic, A., & Gulsen, H. (2003). Strength properties of lightweight concrete made with basaltic pumice and fly ash. Materials Letters, 57(15), 2267-2270.

Author

Cite

References

1]     Hassan. Bevrani, Robust Power System Frequency Control, Second. Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London, 2009.

[2]   European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E), “ENTSO-E Operation Handbook (Policy 1),” no. Cc, p. 63, 2009.

[3]   A. F. Guidelines, “Network Code on Load-Frequency Control and Reserves in line with the ACER Framework Guidelines on Electricity System Operation,” vol. 6, no. February 2012, 2013.

[4]   E. Ela, M. Milligan, and B. Kirby, “Operating Reserves and Variable Generation: A comprehensive review of current strategies, studies, and fundamental research on the impact that increased penetration of variable renewable generation has on power system operating reserves,” no. August, pp. 1–103, 2011.

[5]   K. Das, M. Litong-palima, P. Maule, and P. E. Sørensen, “Adequacy of Operating Reserves for Power Systems in Future European Wind Power Scenarios,” 2015.

[6]   K. Das, M. Altin, A. D. Hansen, P. E. Sorensen, and H. Abildgaard, “Primary reserve studies for high wind power penetrated systems,” 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, PowerTech 2015, 2015.

[7]   N.2009c, “Procedure for Determining Interconnection Frequency Limits.,” 2003.

[8]   P. KUNDUR, “Power System Stability and Control.” .

[9]   R. Eriksson, N. Modig, and K. Elkington, “Synthetic inertia versus fast frequency response : a definition,” vol. 12, pp. 507–514, 2018.

[10] E. P. Act, “Performance Standards (Distribution) Rules 2005 of Pakistan,” vol. 1997, no. January, pp. 1–26, 2005.

Author

Cite

References

[1]   M. pd. Zerta, P. R. Schmidt, C. Stiller, and H. Landinger, “Alternative World Energy Outlook (AWEO) and the role of hydrogen in a changing energy landscape,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 3021–3025, 2008.

[2]   M. D. A. Al-falahi, S. D. G. Jayasinghe, and H. Enshaei, “A review on recent size optimization methodologies for standalone solar and wind hybrid renewable energy system,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 143, pp. 252–274, 2017.

[3]   Y. Z. Alharthi, M. K. Siddiki, and G. M. Chaudhry, “The New Vision and the Contribution of Solar Power in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Electricity Production,” IEEE Green Technol. Conf., pp. 83–88, 2017.

[4]   K. Y. Lau, M. F. M. Yousof, S. N. M. Arshad, M. Anwari, and A. H. M. Yatim, “Performance analysis of hybrid photovoltaic/diesel energy system under Malaysian conditions,” Energy, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 3245–3255, 2010.

[5]   M. B. M. Rozlan, A. F. Zobaa, and S. H. E. A. Aleem, “The Optimisation of Stand-Alone Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Using Integration of Stand Alone Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Optimisation using HOMER,” no. July, 2011.

[6]   S. N. Kane, A. Mishra, and A. K. Dutta, “Preface: International Conference on Recent Trends in Physics (ICRTP 2016),” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 755, no. 1, 2016.

[7]   V. Khare, S. Nema, and P. Baredar, “Solar – wind hybrid renewable energy system : A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 58, pp. 23–33, 2016.

[8]   B. S. Borowy and Z. M. Salameh, “Methodology for optimally sizing the combination of a battery bank and PV array in a Wind/PV hybrid system,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 367–373, 1996.

[9]   J. L. Bernal-Agustin and R. Dufo-Lopez, “Simulation and optimization of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 2111–2118, 2009.

[10] T. Lambert, P. Gilman, and P. Lilienthal, “Micropower System Modeling with Homer,” Integr. Altern. Sources Energy, pp. 379–418, 2006.

[11] Y. Z. Alharthi, M. K. Siddiki, and G. M. Chaudhry, “Techno-economic analysis of hybrid PV/Wind system connected to utility grid,” 2019 IEEE Texas Power Energy Conf. TPEC 2019, pp. 1–6, 2019.

[12] M. Moniruzzaman and S. Hasan, “Cost analysis of PV/wind/diesel/grid connected hybrid systems,” 2012 Int. Conf. Informatics, Electron. Vision, ICIEV 2012, pp. 727–730, 2012.

Author

Syed Afzal Shah: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar

Zafar Ahmad: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar

Israr Uddin: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar

Muhammad Nazeer: Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar

Cite

References

[1]      U. N. Grid, “Frequency response National Grid,” 2015.

[2]      M. Aunedi, P. Aristidis Kountouriotis, J. E. Ortega Calderon, D. Angeli,  and G. Strbac, “Economic and environmental benefits of dynamic demand in providing frequency regulation,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 2036–2048, 2013

[3]      J. Han and M. A. Piette, “Solutions for Summer Electric Power Shortages : Demand Response and its Applications in Air Conditioning and Refrigerating Systems,” Refrig. Air Cond. Electr. Power Mach., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1–4, 2008.

[4]      N. Boogen, S. Datta, and M. Filippini, “Demand-side management by electric utilities in Switzerland: Analyzing its impact on residential electricity demand,” Energy Econ., vol. 64, pp. 402–414, 2017.

[5]      M. A. Zehir and M. Bagriyanik, “Demand Side Management by controlling refrigerators and its effects on consumers,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 64, pp. 238–244, 2012.

[6]      K. Pandiaraj, P. Taylor, N. Jenkins, and C. Robb, “Distributed load control of autonomous renewable energy systems,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 14–19, 2001.

[7]      A. Basit, T. Ahmad, A. Y. Ali, K. Ullah, G. Mufti, and A. D. Hansen, “Flexible modern power system: Real-time power balancing through load and wind power,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 1–15, 2019.

[8]      G. R. Aghajani, H. A. Shayanfar, and H. Shayeghi, “Demand side management in a smart micro-grid in the presence of renewable generation and demand response,” Energy, vol. 126, pp. 622–637, 2017.

[9]      G. Bazydło and S. Wermiński, “Demand side management through home area network systems,” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 97, no. August 2017, pp. 174–185, 2018.

[10]   J. A. Short, D. G. Infield, and L. L. Freris, “Stabilization of grid frequency through dynamic demand control,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1284–1293, Aug. 2007.

[11]   F. Baccino, F. Conte, S. Grillo, S. Massucco and F. Silvestro, “Frequency Regulation by Management of Building Cooling Systems through Model Predictive Control”, In: Power Systems Computation Conference, Wroclaw, Poland, Aug. 2014

[12]   A. Molina-García, F. Bouffard, and D. Kirschen, “Decentralized demand-side contribution to primary frequency control,” IEEE Trans. Pow. Syst., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 411–419, 2011

[13]   Z. Xu, J. Østergaard, and M. Togeby, “Demand as Frequency Controlled Reserve,” IEEE Trans. Pow. Syst., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1062–1071, Nov. 2011

Author

Cite

References

[1].     Dobson, Doan and Hung, "A systematic review of patient tracking systems," Journal of Emergency Medicine, p. 242‑248, 2013.

[2].     J. Marshall and S. Mathews, "Disaster preparedness for the elderly: An analysis," J Aging Emerg Econ, vol. 2, p. 79‑92, 2010.

[3].     Tavakoli, Nahid, Y. mohammadian, M. H. S. Reza and K. Mahmoud, "Health sector readiness for patient tracking in disaster: A literature reviewon concepts and patterns," International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 75-81, 2016.

[4].     D. Guha‑Sapir, P. Hoyois and B. Below, "Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2014 – The Numbers and Trends," 2014.

[5].     Schultz, Carlh, Koenig, Kristil, Noji And Anderick, "A Medical Disaster Response To Reduce Immediate Mortality After An Earthquake," The New England Journal Of Medicine, Vols. 438-448, 1996.

[6].     C. Yu-Feng, K. Alagappan, G. Arpita, D. Colleen, T. Malti and Z. S. B, "Disaster management following the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan," Prehospital and disaster medicine, vol. 21, pp. 196-202, 2006.

[7].     Sahar and Z. J. Ahmed, "Load Balancing for Disaster Recovery and Management," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 90, no. 1, p. 369–379, 2016.

[8].     Ardalan, H. Mowafi, H. M. Ardakani, F.Abolhasanai, A. Zanganeh and H. Safizadeh, "Effectiveness of a primary health care program on Urban and Rural Community Disaster Preparedness,Islamic Republic of Iran: A Community Intervention Trial," Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, vol. 7, pp. 481-90, 2013.

[9].     D. Cook and S. Das, "How smart are our environments? An updated look at the state of the art," Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 3, pp. 53-73, 2007.

[10].  Rathore, A. Farooq, G. J. E., G. R. Raissi and L. Jianan, "Experience and Preparedness of Major Incidents in Developing Countries," Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, vol. 7, pp. 127-8, 2013.

[11].  K. Murad, D. Sadia, J. Sohail, M. Gohar, G. Hemant and S. C. Mukhopadhyaye, "Context-aware low power intelligent SmartHome based on the Internet of things," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 52, p. 208–222, 2016.

[12].  G. Marres, M. Bemelman, J. v. der and L. Leenen, "Development of a Permanent Facility for Management of Incident Casualties," Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, vol. 35, pp. 203-11, 2009.

[13].  Paul, A. Ahmad, M. M. Rathore and S. Jabbar, "Smartbuddy: defining human behaviors using big data analytics in social internet of things," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 05, pp. 68 - 74, 2016.

[14].  M. Carlton, "Surge capacity management and patient identification in," Elsevier Health Sciences, 2006.

[15].  T. Rich, P. Biddinger, R. Zane, A. Hassol, L. Savitz and M. Warren, "Recommendations for a National Mass Patient and Evacuee Movement," Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2009.

[17].  Rehman, A.U., Asif, R.M., Tariq, R., Javed, A.: GSM based solar automatic irrigation system using moisture, temperature and humidity sensors. In: International Conference on Engineering Technology and Technopreneurship (ICE2T), Kuala Lumpur, pp. 1–4 (2017).

[18].  U. Christophe, U. F. Van, D. Emilie and D. Michel, "Pre-Hospital Simulation Model For Medical Disaster Management," in IEEE Proceedings of the 2013 Winter Simulation Conference, Neder-Over-Heembeek, 2013.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Kheiralipour, Kamran, and Soraya Hoseinpour. "Determining and Modeling Shearing Properties of Peppermint Stem." Caspian Journal of Applied Sciences Research 5.3 (2016).

[2]      McDaniel, R.S., Soleymani, H., and Slah, A. (2002). Use of Reclaimed Asphalt (RAP) under Superpave Specifications, Report No. FHWA/IN/JTRP-2002/6, North Central Superpave Center, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

[3]      McDaniel, R.S., Soleymani, H., Anderson, R.M., Turner, P., and Peterson, R. (2000). Incorporation of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in the Superpave System, NCHRP 9-12, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board.

[4]      Hofko, B., et al. "Impact of maltene and asphaltene fraction on mechanical behavior and microstructure of bitumen." Materials and Structures 49.3 (2016): 829-841.

[5]      Handbook, Median. "Florida Department of Transportation." Tallahassee, FL (1997).

[6]      Mehta, P. Kumar, and P. J. M. Monteiro. "Durability." P. K. Mehta.--Concrete, microstructure, properties and materials.--Westerville: JP Skalny (Ed) (1993): 113-155.

[7]      Kosmatka, Steven H., Beatrix Kerkhoff, and William C. Panarese. Design and control of concrete mixtures. Vol. 5420. Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2002.

[8]      Neville, Adam M., and Jeffrey John Brooks. Concrete technology. England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1987.

[9]      Jones, R., and MFi Kaplan. "The effect of coarse aggregate on the mode of failure of concrete in compression and flexure." Magazine of Concrete Research 9.26 (1957): 89-94.

[10]   Abdelhak, Bordjiba, et al. "Effect of recycled asphalt aggregates on the rutting of bituminous concrete in the presence of additive." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 41.10 (2016): 4139-4145.

[11]   Martinho, F. C. G., L. G. Picado-Santos, and S. D. Capitão. "Feasibility assessment of the use of recycled aggregates for asphalt mixtures." Sustainability 10.6 (2018): 1737.

[12]   Higuera Sandoval, Carlos Hernando, Xiomara Vanessa Camargo Amaya, and Edwin Alexander Suárez Molano. "Effect of Aging on the Properties of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures." Ingeniería y Universidad 19.2 (2015): 335-349.

[13]   Caro, Silvia, et al. "Moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures, Part 1: mechanisms." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 9.2 (2008): 81-98.

[14]   Hussain, Arshad, and Qiu Yanjun. "Evaluation of asphalt mixes containing reclaimed asphalt pavement for wearing courses." Proceedings. International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China, IPCSIT. Vol. 26. 2012.

[15]   Abdelhak, Bordjiba, et al. "Effect of recycled asphalt aggregates on the rutting of bituminous concrete in the presence of additive." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 41.10 (2016): 4139-4145

[16]   Martinho, F. C. G., L. G. Picado-Santos, and S. D. Capitão. "Feasibility assessment of the use of recycled aggregates for asphalt mixtures." Sustainability 10.6 (2018): 1737.

[17]   ASTM, D. "Standard test method for indirect tensile (IDT) strength of Asphalt mixtures." (2012).

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Miller, K., Tangley, L., 1991. Trees of Life: Saving Tropical Forests and Their Biological Wealth. Beacon Press, Boston

[2]      Farooqui, Suhail Zaki. “Angular Optimization of Dual BM SCs – Tracking Free Experiments with Three Different Aspect Ratios.” SE, vol. 114, Apr. 2015, pp. 337–348.

[3]      Kumar, Naveen, et al. “An Exergy Based Unified Test Protocol for SCs of Different Geometries.” RE, vol. 44, Aug. 2012, pp. 457–462, 10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.085. Accessed 27 July 2019

[4]      Purohit, I., and P. Purohit. “Effect of Instrumentation Error on the First and Seco F1nd Figures  of Merit (F1and F2) of a Box-Type SC.” International Journal of Ambient Energy, vol. 29, no. 2, Apr. 2008, pp. 83–92, 10.1080/01430750.2008.9675061. Accessed 6 Aug. 2019

Author

Cite

References

[1]      1. Patlitzianas, K.D., et al., Sustainable energy policy indicators: Review and recommendations. Renewable Energy, 2008. 33(5): p. 966-973.

[2]      2.     Javed, A., Study to assess renewable energy development in South Asia ; Achievements and the way forward in the perspective of policies aand investment opportunities  SAARC Energy Centre, Islamabad, December 2015.

[3]      3.     Oyedepo, S.O., Energy and sustainable development in Nigeria: the way forward. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 2012. 2(1): p. 15.

[4]      4.     von Hippel, D., et al., Energy security and sustainability in Northeast Asia. Energy Policy, 2011. 39(11): p. 6719-6730.

[5]      5.     Khatib, H.e.a., World Energy Assessment - Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability (UNDESA - UNDP - WEA - WEC). Energy Security, 2000. Chapter 4 of J. Goldemberg et al(United Nations Development Programme, New York).

[6]      6.     Berry, T. and M. Jaccard, The renewable portfolio standard:: design considerations and an implementation survey. Energy Policy, 2001. 29(4): p. 263-277.

[7]      7.     Jacobsson, S. and V. Lauber, The politics and policy of energy system transformation—explaining the German diffusion of renewable energy technology. Energy policy, 2006. 34(3): p. 256-276.

[8]      8.     Menanteau, P., D. Finon, and M.-L. Lamy, Prices versus quantities: choosing policies for promoting the development of renewable energy. Energy policy, 2003. 31(8): p. 799-812.

[9]      9.     Couture, T.D., et al., Policymakers guide to feed-in tariff policy design. 2010, National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States).

[10]   10.  Li, X., Diversification and localization of energy systems for sustainable development and energy security. Energy policy, 2005. 33(17): p. 2237-2243.

[11]   11.  Ozturk, I., Energy dependency and security The role of effciency and renewable energy sources. april, 2014.

[12]   12.  Stirling, A., Diversity and ignorance in electricity supply investment: addressing the solution rather than the problem. Energy Policy, 1994. 22(3): p. 195-216.

[13]   13.  Ream, M.K., When it comes to energy, countries should mix it up. May 6, 2015.

[14]   14.  Sturm, C., Inside the Energiewende: Policy and Complexity in the German Utility Industry. Issues in Science and Technology, Winter 2017. 2(33).

[15]   15.  A. Gürhan Kök, K.S., Şafak Yücel, Impact of electricity pricing policies on renewable energy investments and carbon emissions. December 2, 2016.

[16]   16.  Monasterolo, I. and M. Raberto, The impact of phasing out fossil fuel subsidies on the low-carbon transition. Energy Policy, 2019. 124: p. 355-370.

[17]   17.  Kefford, B.M., et al., The early retirement challenge for fossil fuel power plants in deep decarbonisation scenarios. Energy policy, 2018. 119: p. 294-306.

[18]   18.  Lund, H. and B.V. Mathiesen, Energy system analysis of 100% renewable energy systems—The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050. Energy, 2009. 34(5): p. 524-531.

[19]   19.  Morthorst, P.E., The development of a green certificate market. Energy policy, 2000. 28(15): p. 1085-1094.

[20]   20.  Foxon, T.J., et al., UK innovation systems for new and renewable energy technologies: drivers, barriers and systems failures. Energy policy, 2005. 33(16): p. 2123-2137.

[21]   21.  Chuang, M.C. and H.W. Ma, Energy security and improvements in the function of diversity indices—Taiwan energy supply structure case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013. 24: p. 9-20.

[22]   22.  Asif, M. and T. Muneer, Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007. 11(7): p. 1388-1413.

[23]   23.  Loiter, J.M. and V. Norberg-Bohm, Technology policy and renewable energy: public roles in the development of new energy technologies. Energy Policy, 1999. 27(2): p. 85-97.

[24]   24.  Lund, H. and W.W. Clark, Management of fluctuations in wind power and CHP comparing two possible Danish strategies. Energy, 2002. 27(5): p. 471-483.

[25]   25.  Verde, S., Everybody merges with somebody—The wave of M&As in the energy industry and the EU merger policy. Energy policy, 2008. 36(3): p. 1125-1133.

[26]   26.  Gussai Sheikheldin, B.D., Hezron Makundi, Energy policy for industrialization: Tanzanias big development challenge. Dec, 2018.

[27]   27.  Mourelatou, A., B.E. Research, and C. Limited, Renewable energies: success stories. 2001: Office for official publications of the european communities.

[28]   28.  Abdmouleh, Z., R.A. Alammari, and A. Gastli, Review of policies encouraging renewable energy integration & best practices. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015. 45: p. 249-262.

[29]   29.  Mustafa K. Mujeri, T.T.C.a.S.S., Energy Sector in Bangladesh: An agenda for reforms The International Institute for Sustainable Development March 2014.

[30]   30.  POWER DIVISION MINISTRY OF POWER, E.A.M.R.G.O.T.P.S.R.O.B., , and Renewable Energy Policy Of Bangladesh. DECEMBER, 18 2008

[31]   31.  Roland-Holst, H.G.a.D., Energy Policy Options for Sustainable Development in Bangladesh ADB Economics Working Paper Series, November, 2013.

[32]   32.  Policy and regulatory overviews Bhutan 2012. REEEP Policy Database (contributed by SERN for REEEP), 2012.

[33]   33.  Bhutan Renewable Energy Policy, 2011

[34]   34.  Department of Energy Ministery of Economic Affairs, R.G.o.B., Overview Of Energy Policies Of Bhutan. May, 2009.

[35]   35.  NITI Aayog, G.o.I., Draft National Energy Policy  June 27, 2017

[36]   36.  Prateek, S., Feed-In Tariffs to Make a Comeback in India for Small Solar and Wind Projects. Feb 03, 2018.

[37]   37.  REN21, Renewables 2009 global status report.

[38]   38.  Mainali, B. and S. Silveira, Financing off-grid rural electrification: country case Nepal. Energy, 2011. 36(4): p. 2194-2201.

[39]   39.  Reegle, Policy and regulatoy overviews- Nepal 2012.

[40]   40.  Nepal, R., Roles and potentials of renewable energy in less-developed economies: The case of Nepal. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012. 16(4): p. 2200-2206.

[41]   41.  Promote renewable energy technologies (Policy no. 5, Maldives National Energy Policy and Strategy). 2010.

[42]   42.  Jung, T.Y., Y.T. Kim, and J.H. Hyun, An Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Solar PV-Diesel-ESS System for Kumundhoo, Maldives. Korea and the World Economy, 2017. 18(S1): p. 109-134.

[43]   43.  Timilsina, G.R. and K.U. Shah, Filling the gaps: Policy supports and interventions for scaling up renewable energy development in Small Island Developing States. Energy Policy, 2016. 98: p. 653-662.

[44]   44.  Aized, T., et al., Energy security and renewable energy policy analysis of Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018. 84: p. 155-169.

[45]   45.  Pakistan, G.o., National Power Policy. 2013.

[46]   46.  Engr. Arshad h Abbasi, F.M., Amna Baig, Maha Kamal, Sdpi Pakistan Energy Vision 2035. 2014.

[47]   47.  Wijayatunga, P.D., et al., Strategies to overcome barriers for cleaner generation technologies in small developing power systems: Sri Lanka case study. Energy conversion and management, 2006. 47(9-10): p. 1179-1191.

[48]   48.  reegle, Policy and regulatory overviews Sri Lanka 2012.

[49]   49.  Energy, M.O.P., The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. 11th May, 2008.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Acosta, H. A., T. B. Edil, and C. H. Benson. "Soil stabilization and     drying using fly ash." Geo Engineering Rep 3 (2003).

[2]      Alhassan, Musa. "Potentials of rice husk ash for soil stabilization." Assumption university journal of technology 11.4: 246-250 2008.

[3]      Bhuvaneshwari, S., R. G. Robinson, and S. R. Gandhi. "Stabilization of expansive soils using fly ash." Fly Ash India 8: 1-10 2005.

[4]      Brooks, Robert M. "Soil stabilization with fly ash and rice husk ash." International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences 1.3: 209-217 2009.

[5]      Fattah, Mohammed Y., Falah H. Rahil, and Kawther YH Al-Soudany. "Improvement of clayey soil characteristics using rice husk ash." Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism 3.1: 12-18 2013.

[6]      Ji-ru, Zhang, and Cao Xing. "Stabilization of expansive soil by lime and fly ash." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 17.4: 73-77 2002.

[7]      Keshawarz, M. Saleh, and Utpal Dutta. "Stabilization of south Texas soils with fly ash." Fly ash for soil improvement. ASCE Geotechnical special publication No.36 1993. 

[8]      Mackiewicz, Scott M., and E. Glen Ferguson. "Stabilization of soil with self-cementing coal ashes." World of Coal Ash (WOCA): 1-7 2005.

[9]      Prakash, J., K. Kumari, and V. Kunar. "Stabilization of Soil using Rice Husk Ash." International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 6.7: 12997-13003 2017.

[10]   Ramaji, Amin Esmaeil. "A review on the soil stabilization using low-cost methods." Journal of Applied Sciences Research 8.4: 2193-2196 2012.

[11]   Rathan Raj, R., S. Banupriya, and R. Dharani. "Stabilization of soil using rice husk ash." International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER), ISSN (e): 2250-3005 2016.

[12]   Tastan, Erdem O., et al. "Stabilization of organic soils with fly ash." Journal of geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering 137.9: 819-833 2011.

[13]   Yadu, Laxmikant, Rajesh Kumar Tripathi, and Dharamveer Singh. "Comparison of fly ash and rice husk ash stabilized black cotton soil." International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering 4.06 (2011): 42-45.

[14]   https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/recycling/fach01.cfm

[15]   Zha, Fusheng, et al. "Behavior of expansive soils stabilized with fly ash." Natural hazards 47.3 (2008): 509-523.

[16]   Zia, Nayyar, and Patrick J. Fox. "Engineering properties of loess-fly ash mixtures for roadbase construction." Transportation Research Record 1714.1 (2000): 49-56.

[17]   Zumrawi, Magdi ME. "Stabilization of pavement subgrade by using fly ash activated by cement." American journal of civil engineering and architecture 3.6 (2015): 218-224.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      L. Saribulut, “Electrical Power and Energy Systems,” Electrical Power and EnergySystems, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 66-71, 2014.

[2]      A. Feher, “Definitions and Measurment of Power Factor,” 8th InternationalSymposium of Hungarian Research on Computational Intelligence and Informatics,Hungary, 2001.

[3]      F. Marafao, “Power Factor Analysis Under Nonsinusoidal Systems and UnblancedSystems,” Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, vol, no, pp.1-8, Oct 2003.

[4]      C. Sankaran, Power Quality, CRC Press, 2002, p. 202M. Abdel Aziz, “Power Factor and your Electrical Utility Bill in Egypt,” Transactions on Power Delivery , vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1567 - 1568, 10 Oct 2003.

[5]      L. Cividino, “Power Factor, Harmonic Distortion; Causes, Effects and Considerations,”14th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, vol, no, pp. 1-7, Oct 1992.

[6]      E. F. Fuchs, Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines, AcademicPress, 2008, p. 664.

[7]      A. Zobaa, “Comparing Power Factor and Displacement Factor Corrections Based onIEEE Std. 18-2002,” 11th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, vol, no, pp. 1-5 Sep 2004.

[8]      J. Bednarczyk, “Induction Motor Theory,” PDH, 2012, p. 52P. Bimbhra, Electrical Machinery, Khanna, 1997, p. 420.

[9]      S. J. Chapman, Electric Machinery Fundamentals, McGraw Hill, 2012, p. 680.J. Siar, “Power Factor of Motors and Generators,” ABB Company, 2014, p. 68.

[10]   Neagle NM, Samson DR. Loss reduction from capacitors installed on primary feeders. Power Apparatus Syst Part III Trans Am InstElectrEng 1956;75:950–9.

[11]   Kasztenny B, Schaefer J, Clark E. Fundamentals of adaptive protection of large capacitor banks. Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources; 2007 PSC 2007: IEEE; 2007. p. 154–86.

[12]   Segura S, Romero R, Rider MJ. Efficient heuristic algorithm used for optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2010;32:71–8.

[13]   Lidula NWA, Rajapakse AD. Microgrids research: a review of experimental microgrids and test systems. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 2011;15:186–202.

[14]   Eltawil MA, Zhao Z. Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: technical and potential problems— a review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 2010;14:112–29.

[15]   Taylor CW. Shunt compensation for voltage stability. Power plants and power systems control 2003.In: A proceedings volume from the fifth IFAC symposium, Seoul, South Korea; 15–19 September 2003: Gulf Professional Publishing; 2004. p. 43.

[16]   ENERGI. Guidelines to install, operate and maintain ht capacitors & its associated equipment〈http://www.energegroup.com/CapacitorManual.pdf〉

[17]   Singh H, Hao S, Papalexopoulos A. Transmission congestion management in competitive electricity markets. IEEE Trans Power Syst 1998;13:672–80.

[18]   Hemmati R, Hooshmand R-A, Khodabakhshian A. State-of-the-art of transmission expansion planning: comprehensive review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 2013;23:312–9.

[19]   Rao RS, Narasimham S, Ramalingaraju M. Optimal capacitor placement in a radial distribution system using plant growth simulation algorithm. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2011;33:1133–9.

[20]   Mekhamer SF, Soliman SA, Moustafa MA, El-Hawary ME. Load flow solution of radial distribution feeders: a new contribution. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2002;24:701–7.

[21]   https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2013/11/How-to-Calculate-Suitable-Capacitor-Size-for-Power-factor-Improvement.html

[22]   M. Khodapanah, A. F. Zobaa and M. Abbod, “Monitoring of Power Factor for Induction  Machine Using Estimation Technique,” 50th International Universities Power Engineering Conference,( UPEC), vol, no, pp. 1-5, Sep 2015.

[23]   M. Khodapanah, A. Zobaa and M. Abbod, “Estimating Power Factor of Induction Motors at any Loading Conditions using Support Vector Regression,” Journal of Electrical engineering, pp. 1-8, Submitted Oct 2017.

[24]   R. Guntaka, “Regression and Kriging Analysis for Grid Power Factor Estimation,” Journal of  Electrical Systems and Information Technology, pp. 223-233, 2014.

[25]   R. Gunaka, Regression and Kriging Analysis for Grid Power Factor Estimation, Lamer university, 2013, p. 98.

[26]   M. Khodapanah, A. Zobaa and M. Abbod, “Estimating Power Factor of Induction Motors Using Regression Technique,” International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), vol, no, pp. 1-5 Oct 2016.

[27]   Z. J. Paracha, “Estimation of Power Factor by the Analysis of Power Quality Data for Voltage Unbalance Zahir,” Third International Conference on Electrical Engineering, vol, no, pp. 1-6, Sep 2009.

[28]   Neelima, S & Subramanyam, Pisupati & A, Srinivasula. (2010). Capacitor Placement in a Distribution System for Power Factor Correction: An Optimization Approach.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Copeland, Audrey. Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: State of the practice. No. FHWA-HRT-11-021. 2011.

[2]      Kandhal, Prithvi S., Shridhar S. Rao, and Brad Young. Performance of recycled mixtures in state of Georgia. No. FHWA-GA-94-9209. Georgia. Dept. of Transportation, 1994.

[3]      Roberts, Freddy L., et al. "Hot mix asphalt materials, mixture design and construction." (1991).

[4]      Sullivan, John. Pavement recycling executive summary and report. Federal Highway Administration, 1996.

[5]      Thomas E. Wohlscheid, In-Place Pavement Recycling in New York State, Paper Prepared for the 19th Annual Meeting of the Asphalt Emulsion Manufacturers Association and the 16th Annual Meeting of the Asphalt Recycling & Reclaiming Association,1992. 

Author

Cite

References

1. T. B. Smith, “Electricity theft: a comparative analysis,” Elsevier Journal Energy Policy, vol. 32, no. 18, pp. 2067-2076, Dec. 2004.

2. Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM Technology Jubi.K, Mareena John Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering PSG College of Technology Peelamedu, Coimbatore, India.

3. Karan Gandhi and Hari Om Bansal, “Smart Metering in Electric Power Distribution System”, IEEE International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and embedded system (ICARE),2013.

4. Rezaei, N., & Haghifam, M. R. (2008). Protection scheme for a distribution system with distributed generation using neural networks. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 30(4), 235-241.

5. Bar-Ilan, A., Sacerdote, B., 2004. The response of criminals and non-criminals to fines. Journal of law and Economics, 47, 1-17. Nagi, K.S. Yap, S.K. Tiong, S.K. Ahmed, and A.M. Mohammad, “Detection of abnormalities and electricity theft using genetic Support Vector Machines,” in proceedings of IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp. 1-6, Nov. 2008.

6. A.H. Nizar and Z.Y. Dong, “Identification and detection of electricity customer behavior irregularities,” in proceedings of IEEE Power Systems Conference and Exposition, pp. 1-10, Mar. 2009.

7. An Advanced Smart Energy Metering System for Developing Countries Sai Kiran Ellenki 1 , Srikanth Reddy G 2 Srikanth Ch. 2 1.BITS – Dubai, 2. SLC’s Institute of Engineering and Technology-Hyderabad, India.

8. Eduardo Werley S.dos Angelos,Osvaldo R.Saavedra, Member IEEE,Omar A.Carmona Cortes,and Andre nunes de Souza,”Detection and Identification of Abnormalities in coustmer Consumptions in Power Distribution Systems”,IEEE 2011,0885-8977

9. A. Barua, N. Mohammad, M. A. Arafat, K. Khan, A. I. Abbas, and R.Chaudhary “Threephase SMS prepaid digital energy meter,”International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dec.2012, in press.

10. S.S.S.R. Depuru, L. Wang, V. Devabhaktuni, and N. Gudi, “Measures and setbacks for controlling electricity theft,” in proceedings of North American Power Symposium, pp. 1-8, Sept. 2010.

11. S. H. Ahmad Usman "Evolution of Communicaton Technologies for Smart Grid Application " 2013.

12. Q. Z. Weiqing Tao1, Beijing Cui 1, "The design of Energy Management Terminal Unit based on double MSP430 MCU," pp. 1-4, 2008.

13. T.Instruments, "Analysis of Sallen-Key Architecture," p. 1, July 1999 – Revised September 2002.

14. S. Limited, "TCPIP Application Note," vol. 3, vol. 1, p. 7, pp. 1-10, 20.01.2010 2010.with 2.1 kVRMS Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor," pp. 1-3.

15. D. S. Naidu, "The Hybrid Meter Reading System " International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2012.

Author

Cite

References

[1].          Bacon, A. A. (2016). Dynamic Performace Improvement of Grid connected PV system using a Feed Forward Control Acting on the NPC Inverter Currents. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, 10.

[2].          Yeqin Wang, B. R. (2017). Fault Ride-Through Enhancement for Grid-tied PV Systems with Robust Control. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, 11.

[3].          Esmaeil Zangeneh Bighash, S. M. (Nov 2017). Improving performance of LVRT capability in single-phase grid-tied PV inverters by a model-predictive controller. ScienceDirect,Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Elsevier Ltd., 13.

[4].          C. Larbes, S. A. (2009). Genetic algorithms optimized fuzzy logic control for the maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic system. ELSEVIER, 8.

[5].          Camilo C. Gomes, A. F. (2018). Damping techniques for grid-connected voltage source converters based on LCL filter: An overview. ELSEVIER, 20.

[6].          Hasanien, H. M. (Dec 2017). Performance improvement of photovoltaic power systems using anoptimal control strategy based on whale optimization algorithm. ELSEVIER Electric Power Systems Research, 9.

[7].          Chin, C. S. (2011). Fuzzy Logic Based MPPT for Photovoltaic Modules Influenced by Solar Irradiation and Cell Temperature. 13th International Conference on Modelling and Simulation, (p. 6). UKSim .

[8].          Prajna Paramita Dash, M. K. (2011). Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Grid-Connected Current-Source Inverter-Based Photovoltaic System. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, 9.

[9].          M. K. Hossain and M.H. Ali, “Overview on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Techniques for Photovoltaic Power Systems,” Int. Rev. Electr. Eng., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1363–1378, 2013.

[10].        W. Kou, D. Wei, P. Zhang, and W. Xiao, “A Direct Phase-coordinates Approach to Fault Ride Through of Unbalanced Faults in Large-scale Photovoltaic Power Systems,” Electr. Power Components Syst., vol. 43, no. 8–10, pp. 902–913, 2015.

[11].        C. T. Lee, C. W. Hsu, and P. T. Cheng, “A low-voltage ride-through technique for grid-connected converters of distributed energy resources,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1821–1832, 2011.

[12].        Patsalides-M, Stavrou A, Efthymiou V, Georghiou GE. Towards the establishment of maximum PV generation limits due to power quality constraints. Electr Power Energy Syst 2012; 42:285 98.

[13].        Pena -Alzola R, Liserre-M, Blaabjerg F,-Sebastian R, Dannehl J, Fuchs FW. Analysis of the passive damping losses in lcl-filter-based grid converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 2013; 28:2642–6.

[14].        M.S.-At Cheikh, C. Larbes, G. F. “Maximum-power point-tracking using a fuzzy logic-control scheme”, Revue des energies-Renouvelables, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 387-395.

[15].        Salas-V, Olıas E,-Barrado A, Lazaro A. Review of the maximum power point tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic systems. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 2006; 90:1555–78.

[16].        EsramT,-Chapman PL. Comparison-of photo-voltaic array maximum-power point tracking methods-IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion June 2007;22(2).

Author

Cite

References

[1]      M. Kamran, “Current status and future success of renewable energy in Pakistan,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 609–617, 2018

[2]      G. Das, M. Aslam, H. Rahman, R. Samoo, N. Hussain, and K. Harijan, “Overcoming electricity crisis in Pakistan : A review of sustainable electricity options,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 72, no. January, pp. 734–745, 2017.

[3]      O. Rauf, S. Wang, P. Yuan, and J. Tan, “An overview of energy status and development in Pakistan,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2015.

[4]      S. A. Ur Rehman, Y. Cai, N. H. Mirjat, G. Das Walasai, I. A. Shah, and S. Ali, “The future of sustainable energy production in Pakistan: A system dynamics-based approach for estimating hubbert peaks,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 11, 2017.

[5]      M. Ragazzi, M. Maniscalco, V. Torretta, N. Ferronato, and E. C. Rada, “Anaerobic digestion as sustainable source of energy: A dynamic approach for improving the recovery of organic waste,” Energy Procedia, vol. 119, pp. 602–614, 2017.

[6]      M. K. Farooq and S. Kumar, “An assessment of renewable energy potential for electricity generation in Pakistan,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 20, pp. 240–254, 2013.

[7]      M. S. Malkani, A review of coal and water resources of Pakistan, vol. 31. 2012.

[8]      A. Hepbasli and Z. Alsuhaibani, “A key review on present status and future directions of solar energy studies and applications in Saudi Arabia,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 5021–5050, 2011.

[9]      U. K. Mirza, M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer, and N. Ahmad, “Status and outlook of solar energy use in Pakistan,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 501–514, 2003.

[10]   J. C. Godenzzi, “No 主観的健康感を中心とした在宅高齢者における 健康関連指標に関する共分散構造分析Title,” vol. XX, no. 1990, pp. 317–331, 1996.

[11]   “Pakistan Meteorological department.” [Online]. Available: http://www.pmd.gov.pk/wind/Wind_Project_files/Page767.html.

[12]   M. Kamran, “Current status and future success of renewable energy in Pakistan,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 82, no. September 2017, pp. 609–617, 2018.

[13]   M. Carolin Mabel and E. Fernandez, “Growth and future trends of wind energy in India,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1745–1757, 2008.

[14]           X. Changliang and S. Zhanfeng, “Wind energy in China: Current scenario and future perspectives,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1966–1974, 2009.

[15]   C. W. E. Association., “Status and development of China wind industry,” 2006. [Online]. Available: http://www.crein.org.cn.

[16]   David K., “A method for developing geographic–economic wind supply curves: China case study.” 2008.

[17]   Q. Hang, Z. Jun, Y. Xiao, and C. Junkui, “Prospect of concentrating solar power in China — the sustainable future,” 2008.

[18]   K. Kapoor, K. K. Pandey, A. K. Jain, and A. Nandan, “Evolution of solar energy in India: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 40, pp. 475–487, 2014.

[19]    I. R. Pillai and R. Banerjee, “Renewable energy in India: Status and potential,” Energy, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 970–980, 2009.

[20]   R. Hinrichs-Rahlwes, “Renewable energy: Paving the way towards sustainable energy security. Lessons learnt from Germany,” Renew. Energy, vol. 49, pp. 10–14, 2013.

[21]   N. Vandaele and W. Porter, “Renewable Energy in Developing and Developed Nations : Outlooks to 2040,” vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2015.

[22]   S. Rafiq, H. Bloch, and R. Salim, “Determinants of renewable energy adoption in China and India : a comparative analysis Determinants of renewable energy adoption in China and India : a comparative analysis,” no. July, pp. 37–41, 2014.

[23]   A. N. Menegaki, “Growth and renewable energy in Europe : A random effect model with evidence for neutrality hypothesis,” Energy Econ., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 257–263, 2011.

[24]   N. Park, S. Yun, and E. Jeon, “An analysis of long-term scenarios for the transition to renewable energy in the Korean electricity sector,” Energy Policy, vol. 52, pp. 288–296, 2013.

[25]   L. Dusonchet and E. Telaretti, “Comparative economic analysis of support policies for solar PV in the most representative EU countries,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 42, pp. 986–998, 2015.

Author

Cite

References

[1]       L. Grigsby Leonard. Power System. New York: CRC Press, 2006

[2]       J.GRAINGER and D.STEVENSON. Power System Analysis. London: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

[3]      Rohit Kapahi “Load Flow Analysis of 132 kV substation using ETAP Software” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 2, February-2013 ISSN 2229-5518.

[4]      Rana Abdul Jabbar Khan, Muhammad Junaid, Muhammad Mansoor Asgher “Analyses and Monitoring of 132 kV Grid using ETAP Software” 2009 - ieeexplore.ieee.org.

[5]      Vivek Raveendran, Sumit Tomar “Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Optimisation of a Power System Network- Case Study” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 6, June-2012.

[6]      Folorunso O.1, Osuji C.C.1, Ighodalo O.S.2 “Enhancement of Power System Voltage Stability with the Aid of Reactive/Capacitive Power Switching Mechanism (A Case Study of Oweeri Transmission Company of Nigeria)” Received: September  4, 2014, Accepted: October 8, 2014, Published: October 8, 2014.

[7]      Pravin Chopade1 and Dr.Marwan Bikdash “Minimizing Cost and Power lossby Optimal Placement of Capacitor using ETAP” 978-1-4244-9593-1/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE.

[8]      S Yunus, Y I Rahmi, R Nazir, Aulia, and U G S Dinata “Static VAR compensator for improving voltage profiles and transmission losses: Case study in Batam”, Conference on Innovation in Technology and Engineering Science, 2019.

[9]      D.Mc.Donald. Electric Power Substations Engineering. New York: CRC Press, 2006.

[10]   V.K Mehta and Rohit Mehta. Principals of Electric Power Systems. Delhi: Revised Edition2008.

[11]   Kiran Natkar, Naveen Kumar “Design Analysis of 220/132 KV Substation Using ETAP”      IRJET Volume: 02 Issue: 03 | June-2015

[12]   C. J. Soni, P. R. Gandhi, S.M.Takalkar “Design and analysis of 11 KV Distribution System using ETAP Software” 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATION OF POWER, ENERGY, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION.

[13]   J. A. Michline Rupa, S. Ganesh “Power Flow Analysis for Radial Distribution” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol: 8, No: 10, 2014.

[14]   Guneet Kour1, G. S. Brar1, Jaswanti Dhiman2, “Improvement by Voltage Profile by Static Var Compensators in Distribution Substation”, International Journal of Instrumentation Science 2012, 1(2): 21-24 DOI: 10.5923/j.instrument.20120102.03.

[15]   Divesh Kumar1*, Amritpal Singh1 and Satish Kansal2, “To Improve the Voltage Profile of Distribution System with the Optimal Placement of Capacitor”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10(31), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i31/113897, August 2017.

[16]   L.Ramesh, S.P.Chowdhury, S.Chowdhury, A.A.Natarajan, C.T.Gaunt, “Minimization of Power Loss in Distribution Networks by Different Techniques”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:3, No:4, 2009.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Shariff, Farihah, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, and Hew Wooi Ping. "Photovoltaic remote monitoring system based on GSM." 2013 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CEAT). IEEE, 2013.

[2]      Goswami, D. Yogi, et al. "New and emerging developments in solar energy." Solar energy 76.1-3 (2004): 33-43

[3]      Singh, Girish Kumar. "Solar power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: A review." Energy 53 (2013): 1-13.

[4]      Jordan, Dirk C., and Sarah R. Kurtz. "Photovoltaic degradation rates—an analytical review." Progress in photovoltaics: Research and Applications 21.1 (2013): 12-29

[5]      Meral, Mehmet Emin, and Furkan Dincer. "A review of the factors affecting operation and efficiency of photovoltaic based electricity generation systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15.5 (2011): 2176-2184.

[6]      Bhalchandra, V. Chikate, and Y. A. Sadawarte. "The factors affecting the performance of solar cell." International Journal of Computer Applications, International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering, Science and Technology. 2015.bstrate interface,”

[7]       Skoplaki , Elisa, and John A. Palyvos. "On the temperature dependence of photovoltaic module electrical performance: A review of efficiency/power correlations." Solar energy 83.5 (2009): 614-624

[8]      Gwandu, B. A. L., and D. J. Creasey. "Humidity: a factor in the appropriate positioning of a photovoltaic power station." Renewable Energy 6.3 (1995): 313-316.

[9]      Hussein, H. M. S., G. E. Ahmad, and H. H. El-Ghetany. "Performance evaluation of photovoltaic modules at different tilt angles and orientations." Energy conversion and management 45.15-16 (2004): 2441-2452.

[10]    Kacira, Murat, et al. "Determining optimum tilt angles and orientations of photovoltaic panels in Sanliurfa, Turkey." Renewable energy 29.8 (2004): 1265-1275.

[11]    Kaldellis, J. K., and M. Kapsali. "Simulating the dust effect on the energy performance of photovoltaic generators based on experimental measurements." Energy 36.8 (2011): 5154-5161

[12]   Meral, Mehmet Emin, and Furkan Dincer. "A review of the factors affecting operation and efficiency of photovoltaic based electricity generation systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15.5 (2011): 2176-2184.

[13]   Tin Tai. "A review on photovoltaic/thermal hybrid solar technology." Applied energy 87.2 (2010): 365-379.

[14]    Dirk C., and Sarah R. Kurtz. "Photovoltaic degradation rates—an analytical review." Progress in photovoltaics: Research and Applications 21.1 (2013): 12-29.

[15]   Lineykin, Simon, Moshe Averbukh, and Alon Kuperman. "An improved approach to extract the single-diode equivalent circuit parameters of a photovoltaic cell/panel." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30 (2014): 282-289.

[16]   Sera, Dezso, Remus Teodorescu, and Pedro Rodriguez. "PV panel model based on datasheet values." 2007 IEEE international symposium on industrial electronics. IEEE, 2007.

Gökmen, Nuri, et al. "Investigation of wind speed cooling effect on PV panels in windy locations." Renewable Energy 90 (2016): 283-290.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Ahmed, Aizaza. "Road safety in Pakistan." National Road Safety Secretariat, Islamabad, 142, 2007.

[2]      Chen, Yen-Chi. "A tutorial on kernel density estimation and recent advances." Biostatistics & Epidemiology 1.1, 161-187, 2017.

[3]      Chainey, Spencer, and Jerry Ratcliffe. GIS and crime mapping. John Wiley & Sons, 2013

[4]      Gudes, Ori, and Richard Varhol. "Using a spatial analysis approach to investigate Articulated Heavy Vehicle." Journal of Transport Geography 31, 64-71. 2015

[5]      Goovaerts, Pierre. Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation. Oxford University Press on Demand, 1997.

[6]      Hart, Timothy C., and Paul A. Zandbergen. "Effects of data quality on predictive hotspot mapping." Final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice 1, 2012.

[7]      Kazmi, Jamil H., and Salman Zubair. "Estimation of vehicle damage cost involved in road traffic accidents in Karachi, Pakistan: a geospatial perspective." Procedia engineering 77, 70-78, 2014

[8]      McCullagh, Michael J. "Detecting hotspots in time and space." ISG06 349 : 1-17, 2006

[9]      Nakaya, Tomoki, and Keiji Yano. "Visualising crime clusters in a space‐time cube: An exploratory data‐analysis approach using space‐time kernel density estimation and scan statistics." Transactions in GIS 14.3: 223-239, 2010

[10]   Prasannakumar, V., et al. "Spatio-temporal clustering of road accidents: GIS based analysis and assessment." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 21, 317-325, 2011

[11]   World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health Organization, 2015.

[12]   World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2018. World Health Organization, 2018.

[13]   Razzak, Junaid Abdul, et al. "A successful model of road traffic injury surveillance in a developing country: process and lessons learnt." BMC public health 12.1, 357.2012

[14]   Rosenblatt, Murray. "Remarks on some nonparametric estimates of a density function." The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 832-837, 1956

[15]   Shafabakhsh, Gholam Ali, Afshin Famili, and Mohammad Sadegh Bahadori. "GIS-based spatial analysis of urban traffic accidents: Case study in Mashhad, Iran." Journal of traffic and transportation engineering (English edition) 4.3, 290-299, 2017

[16]   Thakali, Lalita, Tae J. Kwon, and Liping Fu. "Identification of crash hotspots using kernel density estimation and kriging methods: a comparison." Journal of Modern Transportation23.2, 93-106, 2015

[17]   Van Patten, Isaac T., Jennifer McKeldin-Coner, and Deana Cox. "A microspatial analysis of robbery: Prospective hot spotting in a small city." Crime Mapping: A journal of research and practice 1.1, 7-32., 2009

[18]   Jia, Ruo, Anish Khadka, and Inhi Kim. "Traffic crash analysis with point-of-interest spatial clustering." Accident Analysis & Prevention 121, 223-230, 2018

[19]   Romano, Benjamin, and Zhe Jiang. "Visualizing traffic accident hotspots based on spatial-temporal network kernel density estimation." Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM, 2017.

[20]   Rushton, G., and C. Tiwari. "Spatial filtering/kernel density estimation.",  359-364. 2009

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Rashid, Tanzeel-ur. Energy Modeling and Policy Analysis of Pakistan’s Residential Energy System. Diss. University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, 2016.

[2]      K. kiani, DAWN NEWS, May 2017.

[3]      Valasai, Gordhan Das, et al. "Overcoming electricity crisis in Pakistan: A review of sustainable electricity options." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72 (2017): 734-745.

[4]      Balaras, Constantinos A., et al. "Heating energy consumption and resulting environmental impact of European apartment buildings." Energy and buildings 37.5 (2005): 429-442.C. Balaras,

[5]      Asimakopoulos, D. A., et al. "Modelling the energy demand projection of the building sector in Greece in the 21st century." Energy and Buildings 49 (2012): 488-498.

[6]      Zhang, Tao, Peer-Olaf Siebers, and Uwe Aickelin. "Modelling electricity consumption in office buildings: An agent based approach." Energy and Buildings 43.10 (2011): 2882-2892.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      N. E. F. Bloomberg, "New energy outlook 2018," ed: Informs BNEF). Disponible en: http://about. bnef. com/content/uploads/sites …, 2016.

[2]      L. Yang, H. Yan, and J. C. Lam, "Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications–a review," Applied energy, vol. 115, pp. 164-173, 2014.

[3]      A. Amin, N. Muhammad, S. A. Maoz, A. Basit, and T. Ahmad, "A Socio-Technical Survey of Micro Hydro Power Projects in District Shangla, Pakistan," 2018.

[4]      N. Qureshi, "Exploring the energy consumption environmental impacts and economic consequences of," 2018.

[5]      M. A. Sheikh, "Energy and renewable energy scenario of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, pp. 354-363, 2010.

[6]      A. Raheem, S. A. Abbasi, A. Memon, S. R. Samo, Y. Taufiq-Yap, M. K. Danquah, et al., "Renewable energy deployment to combat energy crisis in Pakistan," Energy, Sustainability and Society, vol. 6, p. 16, 2016.

[7]      M. K. Farooq and S. Kumar, "An assessment of renewable energy potential for electricity generation in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 20, pp. 240-254, 2013.

[8]      M. Shahbaz, N. Loganathan, M. Zeeshan, and K. Zaman, "Does renewable energy consumption add in economic growth? An application of auto-regressive distributed lag model in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 44, pp. 576-585, 2015

[9]      S. Z. Farooqui, "Prospects of renewables penetration in the energy mix of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 29, pp. 693-700, 2014.

[10]    F. Wagner, "The complex story of energy transition—an introduction," in EPJ Web of Conferences, 2018, p. 00002.

[11]    W. Uddin, S. Hussain, K. Zeb, M. A. Dildar, Z. Ullah, . U. Khalil, et al., "Energy Scenario and Potential of Hydroelectric Power in Pakistan," in 2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), 2018, pp. 1-6.

[12]    S. Stiebert, "Pakistan Low Carbon Scenario Analysis," 2016.

[13]    A. Hussain and Z. Gillani, "Fulfilling environment related international commitments through implementation of multilateral environmental agreements (meas) in pakistan," A scientific journal of COMSATS–Science Vision, vol. 18, pp. 1-2, 2014.

[14]    O. Paish, "Small hydro power: technology and current status," Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 6, pp. 537-556, 2002.

[15]    M. S. Rahman, I. M. Nabil, and M. M. Alam, "Global analysis of a renewable micro hydro power generation plant," in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017, p. 020014.

[16]    M. Bilal, R. Ullah, A. Ali, M. H. Khan, and Z. Ullah, "Wheeling hybrid energy system for industries," in 2016 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube), 2016, pp. 169-174.

[17]    M. H. Baloch, S. T. Chauhdary, D. Ishak, G. S. Kaloi, M. H. Nadeem, W. A. Wattoo, et al., "Hybrid energy sources status of Pakistan: An optimal technical proposal to solve the power crises issues," Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 132-153, 2019.

[18]    H. A. Sher, A. F. Murtaza, K. E. Addoweesh, and M. Chiaberge, "Pakistan’s progress in solar PV based energy generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 47, pp. 213-217, 2015.

[19]    B. K. Sovacool, "The political economy of energy poverty: A review of key challenges," Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 16, pp. 272-282, 2012.

[20]    W. Uddin, K. Zeb, A. Haider, B. Khan, S. ul Islam, M. Ishfaq, et al., "Current and future prospects of small hydro power in Pakistan: A survey," Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 166-177, 2019.

[21]    M. Umar and A. Hussain, "Micro hydro power: a source of sustainable energy in rural communities: economic and environmental perspectives," The Pakistan Development Review, pp. 487-504, 2015.

[22]    A. Hussain, G. K. Sarangi, A. Pandit, S. Ishaq, N. Mamnun, B. Ahmad, et al., "Hydropower development in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region: Issues, policies and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 107, pp. 446-461, 2019.

[23]    M. A. Khan, "Policy review and recommendations on the promotion of renewable energy and energy efficiency," 2016.

[24]    D. Moulick, B. Chowardhara, and S. K. Panda, "Agroecotoxicological Aspect of Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) on Field Crops and its Mitigation: Current Status and Future Prospect," in Plant-Metal Interactions, ed: Springer, 2019, pp. 217-246.

[25]    P. Purohit, "Small hydro power projects under clean development mechanism in India: A preliminary assessment," Energy Policy, vol. 36, pp. 2000-2015, 2008

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Tuckerman, D. B. and R. F. W. Pease (1981). "High-performance heat sinking for VLSI." IEEE Electron device letters 2(5): 126-129.

[2]      Dixit, T. and I. Ghosh (2015). "Review of micro-and mini-channel heat sinks and heat exchangers for single phase fluids." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41: 1298-1311.  

[3]      Knight, R. W., et al. (1992). "Heat sink optimization with application to microchannels." IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 15(5): 832-842.

[4]      Lee, J., et al. (2005). "Optimum design of cold-formed steel channel beams using micro Genetic Algorithm." Engineering Structures 27(1): 17-24.

[5]      Riera, S., et al. (2015). "Stepwise varying width microchannel cooling device for uniform wall temperature: Experimental and numerical study." Applied Thermal Engineering 78: 30-38.

[6]      Harms, T. M., et al. (1999). "Developing convective heat transfer in deep rectangular microchannels." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 20(2): 149-157.

[7]      Mohammed, H., et al. (2011). "Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in microchannels heat exchanger using nanofluids: a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15(3): 1502-1512.

[8]      Segre, G. and A. Silberberg (1962). "Behaviour of macroscopic rigid spheres in Poiseuille flow Part 2. Experimental results and interpretation." Journal of fluid mechanics 14(1): 136-157.

[9]      Kan, M., et al. (2015). "Plate heat exchangers as a compact design and optimization of different channel angles." Acta Physica Polonica A 12: 49-52.

[10]   Peng, X. and G. Peterson (1996). "Convective heat transfer and flow friction for water flow in microchannel structures." International journal of heat and mass transfer 39(12): 2599-2608

[11]   Wu, H. and P. Cheng (2003). "An experimental study of convective heat transfer in silicon microchannels with different surface conditions." International journal of heat and mass transfer 46(14): 2547-2556.

[12]   Jiang, P.-X., et al. (2001). "Thermal–hydraulic performance of small scale micro-channel and porous-media heat-exchangers." International journal of heat and mass transfer 44(5): 1039-1051.

[13]   Westphalen, D. and S. Koszalinski (1999). "Energy consumption characteristics of commercial building HVAC systems. Volume II: Thermal Distribution, auxiliary equipment, and ventilation." Arthur D. Little Inc (ADLI) 20(October): 33745-33700.

[14]   Kandlikar, S., et al. (2005). Heat transfer and fluid flow in minichannels and microchannels, elsevier.

[15]   Pettersen, J., et al. (1998). "Development of compact heat exchangers for CO2 air-conditioning systems." International journal of refrigeration 21(3): 180-193.

[16]   Han, Y., et al. (2012). "A review of development of micro-channel heat exchanger applied in air-conditioning system." Energy Procedia 14: 148-153.

[17]   Leland, J. E. and R. Ponnappan (2001). Method of making micro channel heat pipe having corrugated fin elements, Google Patents.

[18]   [18]     Harris, C., et al. (2000). "Design and fabrication of a cross flow micro heat exchanger." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 9(4): 502-508.

[19]   Min, J. K., et al. (2009). "High temperature heat exchanger studies for applications to gas turbines." Heat and mass transfer 46(2): 175.

[20]   Sommers, A., et al. (2010). "Ceramics and ceramic matrix composites for heat exchangers in advanced thermal systems—a review." Applied Thermal Engineering 30(11-12): 1277-1291.

[21]   Meng, J.-H., et al. (2016). "Performance investigation and design optimization of a thermoelectric generator applied in automobile exhaust waste heat recovery." Energy Conversion and Management 120: 71-80.

[22]   Baek, S., et al. (2010). Micro channel heat exchanger for LNG-FPSO application. The Ninth   ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.

[23]   Thonon, B. and E. Breuil (2001). Compact heat exchanger technologies for the HTRs recuperator application.

[24]    Kandlikar, S. G. (2005). "High flux heat removal with microchannels—a roadmap of challenges and opportunities." Heat transfer engineering 26(8): 5-14.

[25]   Walpole, J. N. and L. J. Missaggia (1992). Microchannel heat sink with alternating flow directions, Google Patents.

[26]   Reuse, P., et al. (2004). "Hydrogen production for fuel cell application in an autothermal micro-channel reactor." Chemical Engineering Journal 101(1-3): 133-141.

[27]   Li, Q., et al. (2011). "Compact heat exchangers: A review and future applications for a new generation of high temperature solar receivers." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15(9): 4855-4875.

[28]   Silvestri, S. and E. Schena (2012). "Micromachined flow sensors in biomedical applications." Micromachines 3(2): 225-243.

[29]   Qu, W. and I. Mudawar (2002). "Experimental and numerical study of pressure drop and heat transfer in a single-phase micro-channel heat sink." International journal of heat and mass transfer 45(12): 2549-2565.

[30]   Liu, X. and J. Yu (2016). "Numerical study on performances of mini-channel heat sinks   with non-uniform inlets." Applied Thermal Engineering 93: 856-864.

[31]   Del Col, D., et al. (2011). "Effect of cross sectional shape during condensation in a single square minichannel." International journal of heat and mass transfer 54(17-18): 3909-3920.

[32]   Brandner, J., et al. (2006). "Concepts and realization of microstructure heat exchangers for enhanced heat transfer." Experimental thermal and fluid science 30(8): 801-809.

[33]   [33]     David, M. P., et al. (2011). "Hydraulic and thermal characteristics of a vapor venting two-phase microchannel heat exchanger." International journal of heat and mass transfer 54(25-26): 5504-5516.

[34]    M Kan, O Ipek, B et al. (2015) "Plate heat exchangers as a compact design and optimization of different channel angles" GurelActa Physica Polonica A 12, 49-52

[35]    Liu, N., et al. (2016). "Experimental investigation of condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of propane, R1234ze (E) and R22 in minichannels." Applied Thermal Engineering 102: 63

[36]   Shen, S., et al. (2006). "Flow and heat transfer in microchannels with rough wall surface." Energy Conversion and Management 47(11-12): 1311-1325.

[37]   Peng XF, Peterson GP. The effect of thermo fluid and geometrical parameters on convection of liquids through rectangular micro channels. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 1995; 38: 755–8.

[38]   Peng XF, Peterson GP. Convective heat transfer and flow friction for water flow in micro channel structures. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 1996; 39: 2599–608

[39]   P Chamarthy, SV Garimella, ST Wereley - Measurement of the temperature non-uniformity in a micro channel heat sink using micro-scale laser-induced fluorescence of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010.

[40]   P Wu, WA Little - Measurement of the heat transfer characteristics of gas flow in fine       channel heat exchangers used for micro miniature refrigerators Cryogenics, 1984.

[41]   Khare, S., Dell’Amico, M., Knight, C., & McGarry, S. (2013). Selection of materials for high temperature sensible energy storage. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 115, 114–122. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2013.03.009.

[42]   Barreneche, C., Navarro, M. E., Cabeza, L. F., & Fernández, A. I. (2015). New database to select phase change materials: Chemical nature, properties, and applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 3, 18–24. doi:10.1016/j.est.2015.08.003.

[43]   Shanian, A., & Savadogo, O. (2006). A material selection model based on the concept of multiple attribute decision making. Materials & Design, 27(4), 329–337.

[44]   MF Ashby, A Miller, F Rutter, C Seymour, UGK Wegst the CES Eco Selector – Background    Reading – 2009[42] MF Ashby, A Miller, F Rutter, C Seymour, UGK Wegst the CES Eco Selector – Background Reading – 2009.

Author

Cite

References

[1]         S. N. Danish, Chaochen Ma, and Y. Ce, “The influence of tip clearance on centrifugal compressor stage of a turbocharger,” Proc. 4th WSEAS Int. Conf. Fluid Mech. Aerodyn. Elounda, Greece, vol. 2006, pp. 6–11, 2006.

[2]         G. Eisenlohr et al., “Gt-2002-30394 Investigations of the Flow Through a High,” pp. 1–9, 2002.

[3]         G. Eisenlohr, P. Dalbert, H. Krain, H. Pröll, F.-A. Richter, and K.-H. Rohne, “Analysis of the Transonic Flow at the Inlet of a High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Impeller,” p. V001T01A007, 2014.

[4]         A. Jaatinen-Värri, P. Röyttä, T. Turunen-Saaresti, and A. Grönman, “Experimental study of centrifugal compressor vaneless diffuser width,” J. Mech. Sci. Technol., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1011–1020, 2013.

[5]         A. S. Rathore and K. B. Ravichandrakumar, “International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering PARAMETRIC STUDY ON IMPELLER EXIT BLADE WIDTH VARIATION ON CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering,” vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 16–22, 2017.

[6]         Q. H. Nagpurwala, “Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Exit Width Trim on the Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor Impeller Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Exit Width Trim on the Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor Impeller,” no. January 2010, 2018.

[7]         T. C. Siva Reddy, G. V. Ramana Murty, M. V. S. S. S. M. Prasad, and D. N. Reddy, “Experimental studies on the effect of impeller width on centrifugal compressor stage performance with low solidity vaned diffusers,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A J. Power Energy, vol. 221, no. 4, pp. 519–533, 2007.

Author

Cite

References

[1] R. Adib, R. Coordinator, and C. Webinar, “Renewables 2015 Global Status Report Distrbuted Renewable Energy for Energy Access,” no. September, 2015.

[2] S. Breban, M. M. Radulescu, and B. Robyns, “Direct active and reactive power control of variable-speed doubly-fed induction generator on micro-hydro energy conversion system,” 19th Int. Conf. Electr. Mach. ICEM 2010, pp. 0–5, 2010.

[3] C. Mi, M. Filippa, J. Shen, and N. Natarajan, “Modeling and control of a variable-speed constant-frequency synchronous generator with brushless exciter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 565–573, 2004.

[4] A. Ansel and B. Robyns, “Modelling and simulation of an autonomous variable speed micro hydropower station,” Math. Comput. Simul., vol. 71, no. 4–6, pp. 320–332, 2006.

[5]S. Breban, M. Nasser, A. Ansel, C. Saudemont, B. Robyns, and M. Radulescu, “Variable Speed Small Hydro Power Plant Connected to AC Grid or Isolated Loads,” EPE J., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 29–36, 2008.

[6]M. B. Camara, B. Dakyo, C. Nichita, and G. Barakat, “Simulation of a doubly-fed induction generator with hydro turbine for electrical energy production,” 2009 8th Int. Symp. Adv. Electromechanical Motion Syst. Electr. Drives Jt. Symp. ELECTROMOTION 2009, no. July, pp. 1–3, 2009.

[7] S. Mpn, P. Ts, A. Hermanto, and B. Ian, “Innovative Energy & Research Electric Speed Governor for 1kw Microhydro Generator,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 6–9, 2017.

[8] C. P. Ion and C. Marinescu, “Autonomous micro hydro power plant with induction generator,” Renew. Energy, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 2259–2267, 2011.

IEE Proc. - Electr. Power Appl., vol. 143, no. 5, p. 380, 1996.

[9]A. L. U. Quilisch, “Object Oriented Modelling and Simulation of Kaplan Turbines,” no. February, 2008.

[10]Z. Husain, Basic Fluid Mechanics and . Hydraulic Machines.

[11]D. Zhi and L. Xu, “Direct power control of DFIG with constant switching frequency and improved transient performance,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 110–118, 2007.

[12]A. D. Hansen, “Overall control strategy of variable speed doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine,” Grid Integr. Electr. Syst. Wind Turbines Wind Farms, 2004.

[13]M. I. Martinez, G. Tapia, A. Susperregui, and H. Camblong, “Sliding-mode control for DFIG rotor- and grid-side converters under unbalanced and harmonically distorted grid voltage,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 328–339, 2012.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Thompson, W. S. (1977). Pressure reducing fire valve, Google Patents.

[2]      Northill, B. W. (1993). Fire suppression systems, Google Patents.

[3]      Hilpert, B. and B. Hunziker (1987). Remote control actuating device for a valve, Google Patents.

[4]      Kelada, M. I. (2000). Remote function verification of low pressure and vacuum relief devices, Google Patents.

[5]      Lymberopoulos, D. (2015). Valve actuator control system and method of use, Google Patents.

[6]      Stacey, M. R. (1992). Performance Tests of a Fast-acting Valve for the Driver Tubes of a Large Blast/Thermal Simulator, EG AND G IDAHO INC IDAHO FALLS.

[7]      Oppenberg, R. (1981). Safety device for an oil burner, Google Patents

[8]      Morse, L. H. (1936). Valve, Google Patents.

[9]      Phillips, S. C. (1930). Steam-operated emergency valve for oil and gas wells, Google Patents.

[10]   Smith, I. E. (1926). Oil-burner-control system, Google Patents.

[11]   Grant, W. S. (1931). Oil burner, Google Patents.

[12]   Buchanan, B. F. and J. R. Buchanan (1992). Combination steam and fuel oil supply and purge valve with recirculation feature, Google Patents.

[13]   Kagi, T. (2006). Waste oil multi-fuel fired burner, Google Patents.

Author

Cite

References

[1]         F. Fatai, K and Oxley, Les and Scrimgeour, “Modelling the causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP in New Zealand, Australia, India, Indonesia, The Philippines and Thailand,” Math. Comput. Simul., vol. 64, pp. 431–445, 2004.

[2]         GOP, “Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19. Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.,” 2019.

[3]         M. of Energy, Pakistan Energy Year Book 2018, no. 2018. 2018.

[4]         I. Jan and W. Akram, “Willingness of rural communities to adopt biogas systems in Pakistan: Critical factors and policy implications,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 81, no. June, pp. 3178–3185, 2018.

[5]         Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, “Household Integrated Economic Survey,” p. 2017, 2015.

[6]         B. Pandey and S. Bajgain, “Feasibility Study of Domestic Biogas in Pakistan,” Rspn, no. July, pp. 1–38, 2007.

[7]         J. Daniel-Gromke et al., “Current Developments in Production and Utilization of Biogas and Biomethane in Germany,” Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik. 2018.

[8]         H. Oechsner, S. K. Khanal, and M. Taherzadeh, “Advances in Biogas Research and Application,” Bioresour. Technol., 2015.

[9]         C. Sawatdeenarunat et al., “Anaerobic biorefinery: Current status, challenges, and opportunities,” Bioresource Technology. 2016.

[10]       Y. Zhou et al., “A comprehensive review on densified solid biofuel industry in China,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016.

[11]       M. Shan, D. Li, Y. Jiang, and X. Yang, “Re-thinking china’s densified biomass fuel policies: Large or small scale?,” Energy Policy, 2016.

[12]       M. A. Sanz-Bobi, F. De Cuadra, and C. Batlle, “A review of key points of an industrial biogas plant. A European perspective,” in 2012 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA 2012, 2012.

[13]       W. Uddin et al., “Biogas potential for electric power generation in Pakistan: A survey,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 54, pp. 25–33, 2016.

[14]       GOP, “Pakistan Economic Survey 2017-18. Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.,” p. P: 13-32, 2018.

[15]       J. B. Holm-Nielsen, T. Al Seadi, and P. Oleskowicz-Popiel, “The future of anaerobic digestion and biogas utilization,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 100, no. 22, pp. 5478–5484, Nov. 2009.

[16]       H. Pathak, N. Jain, A. Bhatia, S. Mohanty, and N. Gupta, “Global warming mitigation potential of biogas plants in India.,” Environ. Monit. Assess., vol. 157, no. 1–4, pp. 407–18, Oct. 2009.

[17]       K. C. Surendra, D. Takara, A. G. Hashimoto, and S. K. Khanal, “Biogas as a sustainable energy source for developing countries: Opportunities and challenges,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 31. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 846–859, 2014.

[18]       B. Amigun, W. Parawira, J. K., A. O., and A. S., “Anaerobic Biogas Generation for Rural Area Energy Provision in Africa,” in Biogas, InTech, 2012.

[19]       M. Lantz, M. Svensson, L. Björnsson, and P. Börjesson, “The prospects for an expansion of biogas systems in Sweden - Incentives, barriers and potentials,” Energy Policy, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 1819–1829, 2007.

[20]       J. Lorimor, W. Powers, and A. Sutton, “Manure Characteristics - Manure Management Systems Series,” p. 24, 2018.

[21]       C. Karaca, “Determination of biogas production potential from animal manure and GHG emission abatement in Turkey,” Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 205–210, 2018.

[22]       Govt of Pakistan Statistics Division, “PAKISTAN LIVESTOCK CENSUS 2006,” 2006.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      M. Gilany, O. Malik and A. Megahed, "Generator stator winding protection with 100% enhanced sensitivity", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 167-172, 2002. Available: 10.1016/s0142-0615(01)00018-7.

[2]      B. Ravindranath and M. Chander, Power system protection and switchgear. New Delhi: New Age International, 2011.

[3]      D. Reimert, Protective relaying for power generation systems. 2017.

[4]      Y. Hase and Y. Hase, Handbook of power systems engineering with power electronics applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2013.

[5]      The 10th IET International Conference on Development in Power Systems Protection (DPSP 2010). [Stevenage, Hertfordshire]: Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010.

[6]      L. Hewitson, M. Brown and B. Ramesh, Practical power systems protection. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008.

[7]      S. Horowitz and A. Phadke, Power system relaying. Chichester, England: Wiley/Research Studies Press, 2008.

[8]      M. Kezunovic, J. Ren and S. Lotfifard, Design, modeling and evaluation of protective relays for power systems. 2015.

[9]      J. Martínez-Velasco, Transient analysis of power systems. Chichester: Wiley, 2015.

[10]   Y. Paithankar, Fundamentals of power system protection. Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited, 2014.

[11]   W. Rebizant, J. Szafran and A. Wiszniewski, Digital signal processing in power system protection and control. London: Springer, 2011.

[12]   L. Singh, Advanced power system analysis and dynamics. New Dehli: New Age International (P) Ltd., 2007.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Perez-Lombard, L., J. Ortiz, and C. Pout, A review on buildings energy consumption information. Energy and buildings, 2008. 40(3): p. 394-398.

[2]      McIntosh, M., Report: Iowa has 24,000 bridges, 5,000 structurally deficient. KCCI News, 2013. 20.

[3]      Wong, H. and C.K. Lee. Application of energy audit in buildings and a case study. in 1993 2nd International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management, APSCOM-93. 1993. IET.

[4]      Ahila, C. and W.J. Femi. Energy audit in ladies hostel. in TENCON 2015-2015 IEEE Region 10 Conference. 2015. IEEE.

[5]      Fischer, C., Feedback on household electricity consumption: a tool for saving energy? Energy efficiency, 2008. 1(1): p. 79-104.

[6]      Fumo, N., A review on the basics of building energy estimation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014. 31: p. 53-60.

[7]      Chiu, T.-Y., S.-L. Lo, and Y.-Y. Tsai, Establishing an integration-energy-practice model for improving energy performance indicators in ISO 50001 energy management systems. Energies, 2012. 5(12): p. 5324-5339.

[8]      Goyal, P., B.S. Kumar, and K. Sudhakar. Energy audit: A case study of energy centre and Hostel of MANIT, Bhopal. in 2013 International Conference on Green Computing, Communication and Conservation of Energy (ICGCE). 2013. IEEE.

[9]      Zhang, J., et al. How to reduce energy consumption by energy audits and energy management: The case of province Jilin in China. in 2011 Proceedings of PICMET11: Technology Management in the Energy Smart World (PICMET). 2011. IEEE.

[10]   Krarti, M., Energy audit of building systems: an engineering approach. 2016: CRC press.

[11]   Gordic, D., et al., Development of energy management system–Case study of Serbian car manufacturer. Energy Conversion and Management, 2010. 51(12): p. 2783-2790.

[12]   Baechler, M., C. Strecker, and J. Shafer, A Guide to Energy Audits. PNNL-20956. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. Prepared for US Department of Energy under Contract DEAC05-76RL01830, 2011.

[13]   Manjunatha, P., et al., Energy audit, conservation and power factor improvement for BMSIT campus. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2013. 2(11): p. 354-359.

[14]   Unachukwu, G.O., Energy savings opportunities at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 2010. 21(1): p. 2-10.

[15]   Kamalapur, G. and R. Udaykumar. Electrical energy conservation in India-Challenges and achievements. in 2009 International Conference on Control, Automation, Communication and Energy Conservation. 2009. IEEE.

[16]   Dillman, D.A., E.A. Rosa, and J.J. Dillman, Lifestyle and home energy conservation in the United States: the poor accept lifestyle cutbacks while the wealthy invest in conservation. Journal of Economic Psychology, 1983. 3(3-4): p. 299-315.

[17]   Hirst, E., L. Berry, and J. Soderstrom, Review of utility home energy audit programs. Energy, 1981. 6(7): p. 621-630.

[18]   Abraham, C., et al., Energy Audit Of IIT-Bombay Campus. Draft Final Report, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, 2008.

[19]   Ng, T.F., et al., Energy Consumption in Student Hostels of Universiti Sains Malaysia: Energy Audit and Energy Efficiency Awareness, in Handbook of Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development in Higher Education. 2017, Springer. p. 191-207.

[20]   Abdelaziz, E., R. Saidur, and S. Mekhilef, A review on energy saving strategies in industrial sector. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2011. 15(1): p. 150-168.

[21]   Mehta, V. and R. Mehta, Principles of power system. S. Chand, New Delhi, 2004.

[22]   Radhi, H., A systematic methodology for optimising the energy performance of buildings in Bahrain. Energy and buildings, 2008. 40(7): p. 1297-1303.

[23]   Thumann, A. and W.J. Younger, Handbook of energy audits. 2003: Fairmont Press.

[24]   Hirst, E. and M. Brown, Closing the efficiency gap: barriers to the efficient use of energy. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 1990. 3(4): p. 267-281.

[25]   Fleiter, T., J. Schleich, and P. Ravivanpong, Adoption of energy-efficiency measures in SMEs—An empirical analysis based on energy audit data from Germany. Energy Policy, 2012. 51: p. 863-875.

[26]   Sameeullah, M., et al., Energy Audit: A Case Study of Hostel Building. International Journal of Research in Management, Science & Technology, 2014. 2(2).

[27]   Doty, S. and W.C. Turner, Energy management handbook. 2004: Crc Press.

[28]   Ibrik, I.H. and M.M. Mahmoud, Energy efficiency improvement procedures and audit results of electrical, thermal and solar applications in Palestine. Energy Policy, 2005. 33(5): p. 651-658.

[29]   Ramya, L. and M. Femina, Energy auditing a walk-through survey. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 2014. 3(2): p. 2320-3765

Author

Cite

References

[1]  F. Fatai, K and Oxley, Les and Scrimgeour, “Modelling the causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP in New Zealand, Australia, India, Indonesia, The Philippines and Thailand,” Math. Comput. Simul., vol. 64, pp. 431–445, 2004.

[2]   M. A. T. Muneer, S. Maubleu, “Prospects of solar water heating for textile industry in Pakistan.,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–23, 2006.

[3]   “Pakistan: rapid assessment and gap analysis. [UNDP] - United Nations Development Programme. Sustainable energy for all (SE4ALL) http://www.se4all.org/sites/default/files/Pakistan_RAGA_EN_Released.pdf,” 2014.

[4]   “Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan,” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.hdip.com.pk/. [Accessed: 05-Mar-2019].

[5]   “Pakistan to set 30% plus 30% renewable energy target by 2030.” [Online]. Available: https://wwindea.org/blog/2019/04/02/pakistan-to-set-30-plus-30-renewable-energy-target-by-2030/. [Accessed: 02-Feb-2019].

[6]   “Hydro power Resources of Pakistan,” 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.ppib.gov.pk/HYDRO.pdf. [Accessed: 05-Jan-2019].

[7]   “IRENA Renewables Readiness Assesment Pakistan,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Apr/Renewa

 [8]  M. A. Sheikh, “Renewable energy resource potential in Pakistan,” Renew Sust Energy Rev, vol. 13, pp. 2696–702, 2009.

[9]   M. R. Adnan S, Khan AH, Haider S, “Solar Energy Potential in Pakistan,” J. Renew. Sustain. Energy, vol. 4, 2012.

[10] M. Z. Baloch MH, Kaloi GS, “Current scenario of the wind energy in Pakistan challenges and future perspectives: a case study.,” Energy Rep, vol. 2, pp. 201–10, 2016.

[11] Farooqui SZ., “Prospects of renewables penetration in the energy mix of Pakistan.,” Renew Sustain Energy Rev, vol. 29, pp. 693–700, 2014.

[12] “Pakistan economic survey 2009-10. Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan.” [Online]. Available: http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_0910.html. [Accessed: 02-Feb-2019].

[13] M. M. Uddin W, Khan B, Shaukat N, “Biogas potential for electric power generation in Pakistan: a survey.,” Renew Sustain Energy Rev, vol. 54, pp. 25–33, 2016.

[14] “Livestock Consensus of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.” [Online]. Available: http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/livestock-population. [Accessed: 02-Feb-2019].

[15] M. T. Mirza UK, Ahmad N, “An overview of biomass energy utilization in Pakistan.,” Renew Sustain Energy Rev, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1988–96, 2008.

[16] “Wind Resource Map for Pakistan.” [Online]. Available: http://www.pmd.gov.pk/wind/Wind_Project_files/Page694.html. [Accessed: 04-May-2019].

[17] M. Realff, “Bio Renewable Resources,” J. Ind. Ecol. IND ECOL, vol. 7, pp. 227–228, 2004.

[18] Donald L Klass, “Biomass for Renewable energy, Fuels and Chemicals,” 2006. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780124109506/biomass-for-renewable-energy-fuels-and-chemicals. [Accessed: 25-Dec-2018].

[19] G N Tiwari and M K Ghosal, Renewable Energy Resources: Basic Principles and Applications. Alpha Science International, 2005.

Author

​​​​​​​

Cite

References

[1]       Kiyarash Rahbar, Saad Mahmoud, Raya K Al Dadah, Nima Moazami, Seyed A. Mirhadizadeh. (2017). Review of organic Rankine cycle for small scale applications Energy Conversion and Management 134, 135-155.

[2]      N. Abas, A. Kalair, N. Khan’Review of fossil fuels     and future energy technologies’ Futures 69 (2015) 31–49

[3]      Dolf Gielen, Francissco Boshell ‘The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation’ Energy Strategy Reviews volume 24 p38-50

[4]      M. Wajahat, M. Shoaib, A. Waheed ‘Modeling and Analysis of Solar Assisted Adsorption Cooling System Using TRNSYS’ World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering Vol:9, No:7, 2015

[5]      TRNSYS 17 A Transient System Simulation Program Mathematical Reference 4th Vol, 486p

[6]      Jakob, Uli, and Walter Mittelbach. "Development and investigation of a compact silica gel/water adsorption chiller integrated in solar cooling systems." In VII Minsk international seminar “Heat pipes, heat pumps, refrigerators, power sources”, Minsk, Belarus, pp. 8-11. 2008.

[7]      Aldubyan, M., and A. Chiasson. "Thermal Study of  Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) Solar Collectors Combined with Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Systems." Energy Procedia141 (2017): 102-108.

[8]    Zhao, D. L., Y. Li, Y. J. Dai, and R. Z. Wang.“Optimal study of a solar air heating system with         pebble bed energy storage." Energy conversion and management 52, no. 6 (2011): 2392-2400.   

Author

Cite

References

[1]      S. Bouarafa, R. Saadane, and M. Rahmani, “Inspired from Ants Colony: Smart Routing Algorithm of Wireless Sensor Network,” Information, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 23, 2018.

[2]      A. Khan et al., “A localization-free interference and energy holes minimization routing for underwater wireless sensor networks,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–17, 2018.

[3]      A. Ali, Y. Ming, T. Si, S. Iram, and S. Chakraborty, “Enhancement of RWSN lifetime via firework clustering algorithm validated by ANN,” Inf., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1–13, 2018.

[4]      A. Darwish and A. E. Hassanien, “Wearable and implantable wireless sensor network solutions for healthcare monitoring,” Sensors, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 5561–5595, 2011.

[5]      S. Tomic and I. Mezei, “Improvements of DV-Hop localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks,” Telecommun. Syst., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 93–106, 2015.

[6]      M. S. Elgamel and A. Dandoush, “A modified Manhattan distance with application for localization algorithms in ad-hoc WSNs,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 33, pp. 168–189, 2015.

[7]      R. Lachowski, M. Pellenz, M. Penna, E. Jamhour, and R. Souza, “An Efficient Distributed Algorithm for Constructing Spanning Trees in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Sensors, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1518–1536, 2015.

[8]      A. G. Bakirtzis, P. N. Biskas, C. E. Zoumas, and V. Petridis, “Optimal power flow by enhanced genetic algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 229–236, 2002.

[9]      B. Risteska Stojkoska, “Nodes Localization in 3D Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Multidimensional Scaling Algorithm,” Int. Sch. Res. Not., vol. 2014, pp. 1–10, 2014.

[10]   I. Banerjee, I. Roy, A. R. Choudhury, B. D. Sharma, and T. Samanta, “Shortest path based geographical routing algorithm in wireless sensor network,” Commun. Devices Intell. Syst. (CODIS), 2012 Int. Conf., pp. 262–265, 2012.

[11]   P. Chen, H. Ma, S. Gao, and Y. Huang, “SSL: Signal similarity-based localization for ocean sensor networks,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 29702–29720, 2015.

[12]   J. Cota-Ruiz, J.-G. Rosiles, P. Rivas-Perea, and E. Sifuentes, “A Distributed Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on the Solutions of Spatially-Constrained Local Problems,” IEEE Sens. J., vol. 13, no. 6, p. 11, 2013.

[13]   Y. Shang, W. Ruml, Y. Zhang, and M. P. J. Fromherz, “Localization from mere connectivity,” Proc. 4th ACM Int. Symp. Mob. ad hoc Netw. Comput.  - MobiHoc ’03, p. 201, 2003.

[14]   A. a Kannan, G. Mao, and B. Vucetic, “Simulated Annealing based Wireless Sensor Network Localization with Flip Ambiguity Mitigation,” Most, vol. 00, no. c, 2006.

[15]   [C. Alippi and G. Vanini, “A {RSSI}-Based and Calibrated Centralized Llocalization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Pervasive Comput. Commun. Work., 2006.

[16]   [B. Huang, C. Yu, and B. D. O. Anderson, “Analyzing Error Propagation in Range-based Multihop Sensor Localization,” Proc. IEEE Conf. Decis. Control, pp. 865–870, 2009.

[17]    G. Anastasi, M. Conti, M. Di Francesco, and A. Passarella, “Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 537–568, 2009.

[18]   R. Rajagopalan and P. Varshney, “Data aggregation techniques in sensor networks: A survey,” pp. 48–63, 2006.

[19]   K. Akkaya and M. Younis, “A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 325–349, 2005.

[20]   S. Sudevalayam and P. Kulkarni, “Energy harvesting sensor nodes: Survey and implications,” IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 443–461, 2011.

[21]   I. Dietrich and F. Dressler, “On the lifetime of wireless sensor networks,” ACM Trans. Sens. Networks, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–39, 2009.

[22]   C. E. Jones, K. M. Sivalingam, P. Agrawal, and J. C. Chen, “A survey of energy efficient network protocols for wireless networks,” Wirel. Networks, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 343–358, 2001.

[23]   J. N. Al-Karaki and A. E. Kamal, “Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: A survey,” IEEE Wirel. Commun., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 6–27, 2004.

[24]   A. A. Abbasi and M. Younis, “A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks,” Comput. Commun., vol. 30, no. 14–15, pp. 2826–2841, 2007.

Author

​​​​​​

Cite

References

[1]      A, Sharma et. al (2009) Solar-energy drying systems: a review, Renewable and sustainable energy review, 13(67): 1185-1210.

[2]      GuttiBabagana, Silas, K and Mustafa, B.G., Design and construction of forced/natural convection solar vegetable dryer with heat storage, ARPN journal of engineering and applied science, 7(10), (2012) 72-77.

[3]      Mujumdar, Arun and DevahastinSakamon, Mujumdars practical guide to industrial drying, Montreal: Exergex corporation, (2000).

[4]      Joshi, Pallavi and Mehata, Dipika, Effect of drying on the nutritive value of drumstick leaves, Journal of Metabolomics and Systems Biology,1(1), (2010) 5-9

[5]      Joshi, Pallavi and Mehata, Dipika, Effect of drying on the nutritive value of drumstick leaves, Journal of Metabolomics and Systems Biology,1(1), (2010) 5-9

[6]      Blair R. et. al (2007) Design of a solar-powered fruit and vegetables dryers

[7]      SMEDA to establish fruit dehydration unit in swat https://fp.brecorder.com/2017/06/20170623191996/

Author

Cite

References

[1]        P. Kundur, “Power System Stability       and Control”.  McGraw-Hill, 1994.

[2]         M. Pavella, D. Ernst, and D. Ruiz- Vega, “Transient Stability of power systems”. Kluwer Academic, 2000.

[3]       P.Gomes, “New strategy to improve bulk power system security : lesson learned from large blackout,”

[4]        Y. Min, K. Hou, R. Zhang, and Q. Tu, ÒA, “new method for generation shedding and load shedding in power system emergency control”. Ó in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, vol. 1, April 2004, pp. 210-214.

[5]      Chunyan. Li, Changhong. Deng, Y. Sun, and X. Chen, Ò “An on-line transient stability emergency control strategy based on PMU forecasted trajectory”, in Proc. International Power Engineering Conference, Dec 2007, pp. 807-812.

[6]      D. Ruiz-Vega and M. Pavella, ÒA comprehensive approach to transient stability control. II. Open loop emergency control, Ó IEEE Trans Power System, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1454-1460, Nov 2003.

[7]        D. Ernst and M. Pavella, “Closed-loop transient stability emergency control”. in Proc. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, vol. 1, 2000, pp. 58-62

[8]      M. Glavic, D. Ernst, D. Ruiz-Vega, L. Wehenkel, and M. Pavella, “E-SIME - a method for transient stability closed-loop emergency control: achievements and prospects,” in Proc. iREP Symposium- Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII, Revitalizing Operational Reliability, Aug 2007, pp. 1-10.

[9]        R. Patel, T. S. Bhatti, and D. P. Kothari, “A modified approach to transient stability enhancement with fast valving and braking resistor applications”, in J Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 28, no. 10, 729-738, Dec 2006.

[10]   N.fermendopulle and R.Ramshaw“Domain of stability of synchronous machine with excitation control-a cell mapping approach, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 173-181, Aug 1993.

[11]   D. K. Reitan and N. Ramarao, “A method of improving transient stability by bang-bang control of tie-line reactance”, IEEE Trans Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-93, no. 1, pp. 303-311, Jan 1974.

[12]   D. Ernst, M. Glavic, F. Capitanescu, and L. Wehenkel, “Reinforcement learning versus model predictive control: a comparison on a power system problem,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part B: Cybernetics, vol. 39, pp. 517–529, April 2009.

[13]   M. Larsson, D. Hill, and G. Olsson, “Emergency voltage control using search and predictive control,” International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 121–130, 2002.

[14]   B. Otomega, A. Marinakis, M. Glavic, and T. Van Cutsem, “Model predictive control to alleviate thermal overloads,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 22, pp. 1384–1385, August 2007.

[15]   J. Ford, G. Ledwich, and Z. Dong, “Efficient and robust model predictive control for first swing transient stability of power systems using flexible ac transmission systems devices,” IET Proceedings on Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 731–742, 2008.

[16]   Y.Phulpin, J.Hazra, D.Ernst, “Model predictive control of HVDC power flow to improve transient stability in power system”, Smart grid communications, 2011

[17]   C. Li, C. Deng, Y. Sun, and X. Chen, Ò “An on-line transient stability emergency control strategy based on PMU forecasted trajectory”, in Proc. International Power Engineering Conference, Dec 2007, pp. 807-812.

[18]   Y.Xue, “practically negative effects of emergency controls”, in proc.1997 IFAC/CIGRE symposium on control of power system and power plants, p.134-138.

[19]   M. Pavella, D. Ernst, and D. Ruiz-Vega, Transient Stability of Power Systems: A Unified Approach to Assessment and Control. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 2000.

[20]   L. Wehenkel, “Emergency control and its strategies,” in Proc. Power Syst. Comput. Conf., vol. 1, Trondheim, Norway, June 28–July 2, 1999, pp. 35–48

[21]   Daniel Ruiz-Vega, Mania Pavella, “A Comprehensive Approach to Transient Stability Control: Part II—Open Loop Emergency Control”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 18, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 2003.

[22]   D. Ruiz-Vega and M. Pavella, “A comprehensive approach to transient stability control—Part 1: near-optimal preventive control,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 18, pp. 1446–1453, Nov. 2003.

[23]   D. Ruiz-Vega, “Dynamic Security Assessment and Control: Transient and Small Signal Stability,” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Liege, Liege, Belgium, 2002.

[24]   Y, Zhang, L. Wehenkel and M. Pavella. .A Method for Real-Time Transient Stability Emergency Control, Proc. of CPSP97, I FAC/CIGRE Symp. On Control of Power Systems and Power Plants, August 1997, Beijing, China, pp. 673-678.

[25]   D. Ernst, A. Bettiol, Y. Zhang, L. Wehenkel and M. Pavella. .Real Time Transient Stability Emergency Control of the South- Southeast Brazilian System., SEPOPE, Salvador, Brazil, May 1998, (Invited paper, IP044).

[26]   D. Ernst, M. Pavella, .Closed-Loop Transient Stability Emergency Control, Proc. of IEEE/PES Winter Meeting, Singapore, 2000.

[27]   Duniel Ruiz- Vega, Mevludin Glavic, Damien Ernst “transient stability emergency control combining open loop and closed loop techniques”, 

[28]   J.Hazra, Y.Phulpin, D.Ernst, “HVDC control strategies to improve transient stability in interconnected power system”, Power Tech, IEEE Busharest pp.1-6 oct. 2009.

[29]   Duniel Ruiz-Vega, Louis Wehenkel, Damien Ernst, Alejandro Pizano-Martinez and Claudio R. Fuerte-Esquivel, “Power system transient stability preventive and emergency control, chapter 5”.

[30]   Duniel Ruiz- Vega, Mevludin Glavic, Damien Ernst “transient stability emergency control combining open loop and closed loop techniques”, 

[31]   Pavella M, Ruiz-Vega D, and al. SIME: A Comprehensive Approach to Transient Stability. Real-Time Stability Assessment in Modern Power System Control Centers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2008; 353-400.

[32]   Pavella, M., D. Ernst, and al. Transient Stability of Power Systems: A Unified Approach to Assessment and Control, Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000.

[33]   Youcef Oubbati, Salem Arif, “Securing transient stability Assessment Using Single Machine Equivalent Method”, Electrical Engineering (ICEE), pp. 1-4, Dec 2015

[34]   Durrant CW. Boiler response to partial load rejection resulting from System upsets. IEEE Trans 1982; PAS-10(8):2630–9.

[35]   IEEE Working Group on Special Stability Controls Power System Engineering Committee. Bibliography on the application of discrete Supplementary controls to improve power system stability. IEEE Trans ‘1987; PWRS-2(2):474–85.

[36]   Ramnarayan Patel, T.S.Bhati, D.P.Kothari, “A modified approach to transient stability enhancement with fast valving and braking resistor applications”, electric power and Energy system, p.729-738, 2006

[37]   Patel Ramnarayan, Bhatti TS, Kothari DP. Dynamic braking control strategies: a comparative analysis. In: Proceedings international conference on energy automation and information technology 2001

[38]   A.H.M.A. Rahim, A.I.J. Al-Sammak, “Optimal switching of dynamic Braking resistor, reactor or capacitor for transient stability of power system”, IEE Proceedings C-Generation, Transmission and distribution, pp. 89-93 vol 138 Jan 1991.

[39]   Riya Saluja, Mohd. Hasan Ali, “Novel Braking resistor models for transient stability enhancement in power grid system”, Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), April 2013

[40]   Al-Azzawi FJ, Omar F. Dynamic brake switching time in multimachine Power system during emergency: Proceeding of the 24th University power engineering conference, Belfast, Britain, September 1989. p. 101–6.

[41]   Al-Azzawi FJ, Al-Wafi NM, Jassim AK, Omar F. Braking resistorsize, switching instants and assessment of power system transient stability by direct methods. J Inst Engrs (India) 1995;76-175–80.

[42]   Patel, Ram Narayan. Bhatti, T.S. Kothari, D.P. “Improvement of Power System Transient Stability using Fast Valvings: A Review”, Electric Power Components and Systems, P-927-938, Nov 30, 2010

[43]   A.H.M.A. Rahim,  A.I.J. Al-Sammak, “Optimal switching of dynamics braking resistor, reactor, or capacitor for transient stability of power system”, IEE proceeding C-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol 138, no.1, pp-89-93, 1991

[44]   G.G.Karady, M.A.Mohammad, “improving transient stability using fast valving base on tracking rotor angle and active power”, power engineering society meeting summer, 2002.

[45]   K.Koyanagi, T.Komukai, “a study of fast valving as an aid to power system transient stability part1. Some considerations of control methods for fast valving”, p.1-5, 1977

[46]   Shri Bhagwan, “A Review: High Voltage Transmission System”, International Journal on Recent Technologies in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (IJRMEE) pp. 1-4, vol 02.

[47]   Vijay. K. sood, “High Voltage Direct Current And FACTS controller”, USA Kluwer Academic Publisher 2004.

[48]   N. Flourentzou, V. G. Agelidis, and G. D. Demetriades, “VSC based HVDC power transmission system: an overview”, IEEE transaction on power electronics, vol. 24, pp. 593-602, March 2009.

[49]   Chan-ki Kkim, Vijay K. Sood. Gil-Sood Jang, Seong-Joo Lim, and Seok-Jin Lee, “High Voltage Direct Current transmission” chapter 01 Development of HVDC     Technology,

[50]   P. Kundur, “Power system Stability and Control”, McGraw-Hill, 1994.

[51]   “Compendium of HVDC schemes throughout the world”, International conference on Large High Voltage Electric systems, CIGRE WG 04 of SC 14. 1987.

[52]   Brahim. Bekki, Mohamed Moujahid, Mouhamed. Boudiaf, “Transmission System Transient stability enhancement based on VSC-HVDC”, Journal of Electrical Engineering, pp. 1-6

[53]   Schetter F, Huang H, Christl N, "HVDC transmission systems using voltage source converter-design and applications" IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, July 2000.

[54]   Y.Phulpin, J.Hazra, D.Ernst, “Model predictive control of HVDC power flow to improve transient stability in power system”, Smart grid communications, 2011

[55]   Javier Renedo, Aurelio Garci’ a-Cerrada, Luis Rouco, “Active power control strategies for transient stability enhancement of AC/DC grids with VSC-HVDC multi-terminal systems”, IEEE transaction on Power system, pp.4595-4604, vol 31, November 2016.

[56]   K. P. Basu, “Stability enhancement of power system by controlling HVDC power flow through the same AC transmission line”, Industrial Electronics and Application, pp. 1-6 Oct 2009

[57]   Y.Phulpin, J.Hazra, D.Ernst, “Model predictive control of HVDC power flow to improve transient stability in power system”, Smart grid communications, 2011

[58]   J.Hazra, Y.Phulpin, D.Ernst, “HVDC control strategies to improve transient stability in interconnected power system”, Power Tech, IEEE Busharest pp.1-6 oct. 2009.

[59]   Daniel Dotta, Joe H. Chow, Luigi Vanfretti, Muhammad S. Almas, & N. Gostini, “A MATLAB-based PMU Simulator”, IEEE.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Los Angeles County Solid Waste Management Committee, "Conversion Technology Evaluation Report" 2005.

[2]      G. C. Young, Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Processes: Economic, Technical, and Renewable Comparisons: Wiley, 2010.

[3]      Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Pakistan. (11/12/2014). Existing Generating Capacity. Available: http://www.wapda.gov.pk/htmls/power-index.html

[4]      S. Saini, P. Rao, and Y. Patil, "City based analysis of MSW to energy generation in India, calculation of state-wise potential and tariff comparison with EU" Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 37, pp. 407-416, 2012.

[5]      R. R. Baidoo, F. Yeboah, and H. Singh, "Energy and economic analysis of closed-loop plasma waste-to-power generation model and in comparison with Incineration and Micro-Turbine Models,"Electrical Power & Energy Conference (EPEC), 2009 IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-7.

[6]      S. Z. Farooqui, "Prospects of renewables penetration in the energy mix of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 29, pp. 693-700, 2014.

[7]      I. N. Kessides, "Chaos in power: Pakistan electricity crisis," Energy Policy, vol. 55, pp. 271-285, 2013.

[8]      National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA). (06/11/2014). Tariff. Available: http://www.nepra.org.pk/tariff.htm

[9]      Macrotrends. (06/11/2014). Oil Prices History Chart. Available: http://www.macrotrends.net/

[10]   V. C. Nelson, Introduction to Renewable Energy: Taylor & Francis, 2011.

[11]   W. Tong, Wind Power Generation and Wind Turbine Design: WIT Press, 2010.

[12]   Pakistan Meteorological Department. (06/11/2014). Wind Power Potential of Pakistan. Available: http://www.pmd.gov.pk/wind/Wind_Project_files/Page694.html

[13]   C. Palanichamy, N. S. Babu, and C. Nadarajan, "Municipal solid waste fueled power generation for India," Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 17, pp. 556-563, 2002.

[14]   S. A. Kalogirou, Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and Systems: Elsevier Science, 2013.

[15]   EduPic Graphical Resource. (06/11/2014). Energy Resources. Available: http://www.edupic.net/energy.htm

[16]   A. C. Baker, Tidal Power: P. Peregrinus, 1991.

[17]   S. Silveira, Bioenergy - Realizing the Potential: Elsevier Science, 2005.

[18]   California Biomass Energy Alliance. (06/11/2014). Tracy Biomass Plant. Available: http://www.calbiomass.org/facilities/tracy-biomass-plant/

[19]   P. S. Khan and M. Hoque, "Installation of a Solid-Waste fuelled Power Plant in Chittagong, Bangladesh: A feasibility study," in Strategic Technology (IFOST), 2010 International Forum on, 2010, pp. 208-212.

[20]   World Bank, "Municipal Solid Waste Incineration," 1999.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      J. C. L. Liu Yang, Haiyan Yan, “Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications- A review,” Appl. Energy, vol. 115, pp. 164–173, 2014.

[2]      World Energy Outlook 2017. OECD, 2017.

[3]      H. Zhao and F. Magoulès, “A review on the prediction of building energy consumption,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 3586–3592, Aug. 2012.

[4]      I. Economic Adviser’s Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan, “Economic Adviser’s Wing, Wing Finance Division, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad www.finance.gov.pk,” 2018.

[5]      M. ud D. Q. Ahmed Sohail, “Energy-Efficient Buildings in Pakistan,” A Sci. J. COMSATS – Sci. Vis. Vol.16 Vol. 17, vol. 16, no. December, pp. 27–38, 2011.

[6]      A. Masood, “SAARC Energy Centre,” 2010.

[7]      K. Ahmad, A. F. Rafique, and S. Badshah, “Energy Efficient Residential Buildings in Pakistan,” Energy Environ., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 991–1002, 2014.

[8]      ASHRAE, Handbook Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning system and equipement. Atlanta: The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 2012.

[9]      B. A. Holm, L. Blodgett, D. Jennejohn, and K. Gawell, “Geothermal Energy : International Market Update Geothermal Energy Association,” no. May, 2010.

[10]   U. Younas et al., “Pakistan geothermal renewable energy potential for electric power generation: A survey,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 63, pp. 398–413, 2016.

[11]   H. Zaisheng, “Geothermal Heat Pumps in China – Present Status and Future Development,” pp. 31–33, 2008.

[12]   G. Florides and S. Kalogirou, “Ground heat exchangers-A review of systems, models and applications,” Renewable Energy. 2007.

[13]   L. Ozgener, “A review on the experimental and analytical analysis of earth to air heat exchanger (EAHE) systems in Turkey,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4483–4490, 2011.

[14]   E. Mands, M. Sauer, E. Grundmann, B. Sanner, and U. Gbr, “Shallow geothermal energy use in industry in Germany,” Eur. Geotherm. Congr. 2016, vol. 2010, no. 2013, pp. 19–24, 2016.

[15]   A. Chel and G.N.Tiwari, “Performance evaluation and life cycle cost analysis of earth to air heat exchanger integrated with adobe building for New Delhi composite climate,” Energy Build., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 56–66, Jan. 2009.

[16]   R. Kumar, S. C. Kaushik, and S. N. Garg, “Heating and cooling potential of an earth-to-air heat exchanger using artificial neural network,” Renew. Energy, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1139–1155, 2006.

[17]   G. Mihalakakou, “On estimating soil surface temperature profiles,” Energy Build., vol. 34, pp. 251–259, 2002.

[18]   K. Labs, “Ground cooling, in: J. Cook (Ed.), Passive Cooling.” MIT Press, Cambridge, 1992.

[19]   G. Florides and S. Kalogirou, “Ground heat exchangers-A review of systems, models and applications,” Renew. Energy, vol. 32, no. 15, pp. 2461–2478, 2007.

[20]   B. B. Popiel, C., J. Wojtkowiak, “Measurements of temperature distribution in ground,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 25, pp. 301–309, 2001.

[21]   A. O. Ogunlela, “Modelling Soil Temperature Variations,” J. Agric. Resour. Dev., pp. 100–109, 2003.

[22]   H. Ben Jmaa Derbel and O. Kanoun, “Investigation of the ground thermal potential in tunisia focused towards heating and cooling applications,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1091–1100, 2010.

[23]   F. Al-Ajmi, D. L. Loveday, and V. I. Hanby, “The cooling potential of earth-air heat exchangers for domestic buildings in a desert climate,” Build. Environ., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 235–244, 2006.

[24]   R. J. Sharan, G., “Soil temperature regime at Ahmedabad,” J. Agric. Eng., vol. 39, no. 1, 2002.

[25]   A. G. Kanaris, A. A. Mouza, and S. V. Paras, “Flow and Heat Transfer Prediction in a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger using a CFD Code,” Chem. Eng. Technol., vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 923–930, 2006.

[26]   V. P. Kabashnikov, L. N. Danilevskii, V. P. Nekrasov, and I. P. Vityaz, “Analytical and numerical investigation of the characteristics of a soil heat exchanger for ventilation systems,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 2407–2418, 2002.

[27]   M. Santamouris, G. Mihalakakou, A. Argiriou, and D. N. Asimakopoulos, “ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS COUPLED EARTH TO AIR HEAT EXCHANGERS WITH If a balance temperature , Tb is used where :,” Sol. Energy, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 375–380, 1995.

[28]   G. Mihalakakou, M. Santamouris, J. O. Lewis, and D. N. Asimakopoulos, “On the application of the energy balance equation to predict ground temperature profiles,” Sol. Energy, vol. 60, no. 3–4, pp. 181–190, 1997.

[29]   O. Ozgener, L. Ozgener, and J. W. Tester, “A practical approach to predict soil temperature variations for geothermal (ground) heat exchangers applications,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 473–480, 2013.

[30]   H. Su, X. Liu, L. Ji, and J. Mu, “A numerical model of a deeply buried air – earth – tunnel heat exchanger,” Energy Build., vol. 48, pp. 233–239, 2012.

[31]   A. Sehli, A. Hasni, and M. Tamali, “The potential of earth-air heat exchangers for low energy cooling of buildings in South Algeria,” Energy Procedia, vol. 18, pp. 496–506, 2012.

[32]   M. De Paepe and A. Janssens, “Thermo-hydraulic design of earth-air heat exchangers,” Energy Build., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 389–397, 2003.

[33]   J. Pfafferott, “Evaluation of earth-to-air heat exchangers with a standardised method to calculate energy efficiency,” Energy Build., vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 971–983, 2003.

[34]   A. De Jesus Freire, J. L. Coelho Alexandre, V. Bruno Silva, N. Dinis Couto, and A. Rouboa, “Compact buried pipes system analysis for indoor air conditioning,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 51, no. 1–2, pp. 1124–1134, 2013.

[35]   K. H. Lee and R. K. Strand, “The cooling and heating potential of an earth tube system in buildings,” Energy Build., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 486–494, 2008.

[36]   P. Hollmuller, “Analytical characterisation of amplitude-dampening and phase-shifting in air/soil heat-exchangers,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 46, no. 22, pp. 4303–4317, 2003.

[37]   M. Cucumo, S. Cucumo, L. Montoro, and A. Vulcano, “A one-dimensional transient analytical model for earth-to-air heat exchangers, taking into account condensation phenomena and thermal perturbation from the upper free surface as well as around the buried pipes,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 51, no. 3–4, pp. 506–516, 2008.

[38]   V. Badescu, “Simple and accurate model for the ground heat exchanger of a passive house,” Renew. Energy, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 845–855, 2007.

[39]   X. Li, J. Zhao, and Q. Zhou, “Inner heat source model with heat and moisture transfer in soil around the underground heat exchanger,” Appl. Therm. Engiineering, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 1565–1577, 2005.

[40]   J. Zhao, H. Wang, X. Li, and C. Dai, “Experimental investigation and theoretical model of heat transfer of saturated soil around coaxial ground coupled heat exchanger,” Appl. Therm. Engiineering, vol. 28, no. 2–3, pp. 116–125, 2008.

[41]   T. S. Bisoniya, A. Kumar, and P. Baredar, “Study on Calculation Models of Earth-Air Heat Exchanger Systems,” J. Energy, vol. 2014, pp. 1–15, 2014.

[42]   V. Bansal, R. Misra, G. Das Agrawal, and J. Mathur, “Performance analysis of earth – pipe – air heat exchanger for winter heating,” Energy Build., vol. 41, no. 11,05, pp. 1151–1154, 2009.

[43]   K. W. A.Flaga-Maryanczyka, J. Schnotale, J. Radon, “Experimental measurements and CFD simulation of a ground source heat exchanger operating at a cold climate for a passive house ventilation system.pdf,” Energy Build., vol. 68, pp. 562–570, 2014.

[44]   L. Ramírez-Dávila, J. Xamán, J. Arce, G. Álvarez, and I. Hernández-Pérez, “Numerical study of earth-to-air heat exchanger for three different climates,” Energy Build., vol. 76, pp. 238–248, Jun. 2014.

[45]   R. Kumar, A. R. Sinha, B. K. Singh, and U. Modhukalya, “A design optimization tool of earth-to-air heat exchanger using a genetic algorithm,” Renew. Energy, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 2282–2288, Oct. 2008.

[46]   F. Ascione, L. Bellia, and F. Minichiello, “Earth-to-air heat exchangers for Italian climates,” Renew. Energy, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 2177–2188, 2011.

[47]   A. N. Z. Sanusi, L. Shao, and N. Ibrahim, “Passive ground cooling system for low energy buildings in Malaysia (hot and humid climates),” Renew. Energy, vol. 49, pp. 193–196, Jan. 2013.

[48]   N. Aziah, M. Ariffin, A. Nur, Z. Sanusi, and A. M. Noor, “Materials for the Earth Air Pipe Exchanger ( EAPHE ) system as a passive ground cooling for hot-umid climate,” 2nd Int. Conf. Emerg. Trends Sci. Res. 2014, no. November, 2014.

[49]   S. Jakhar, R. Misra, M. S. Soni, and N. Gakkhar, “Parametric simulation and experimental analysis of earth air heat exchanger with solar air heating duct,” Eng. Sci. Technol. an Int. J., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1059–1066, 2016.

[50]   M. K. Ghosal, G. N. Tiwari, D. K. Das, and K. P. Pandey, “Modeling and comparative thermal performance of ground air collector and earth air heat exchanger for heating of greenhouse,” Energy Build., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 613–621, Jun. 2005.

[51]   A. H. Poshtiri and N. Gilani, “Feasibility study on using solar chimney and earth-to-air heat exchanger for natural heating of buildings,” World Renew. Congr., pp. 1773–1780, 2011.

[52]   S. F. Ahmed, M. M. K. Khan, M. G. Rasul, M. T. O. Amanullah, and N. M. S. Hassan, “Comparison of earth pipe cooling performance between two different piping systems,” Energy Procedia, vol. 61, pp. 1897–1901, 2014.

[53]   M. S. Kristen, “Final report laboratory research for the determination of the thermal properties of soils,” 1949.

[54]   K. H. Lee and R. K. Strand, “The cooling and heating potential of an earth tube system in buildings,” Energy Build., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 486–494, 2008.

[55]   F. Ascione, L. Bellia, and F. Minichiello, “Earth-to-air heat exchangers for Italian climates,” Renew. Energy, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 2177–2188, 2011.

[56]   A. P. H. Maerefat, “Passive cooling of buildings by using integrated earth to air heat exchanger and solar chimney,” Renew. Energy, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 2316–2324, 2010.

[57]   Incropera, Introduction to Heat transfer. 1996.

[58]   “Engineering Toolbox,” 2009. [Online]. Available: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/prandtl-number-d_1068.html 9.

Author

Cite

References

[1]   M.S. Khattak, A. Khan, M.A. Khan, W. Ahmad, S. Rehman, M. Sharif, and S. Ahmad, “Investigation of characteristics of hydrological droughts in Indus basin,”. Sarhad Journal of Agricultural, vol, 35(1), pp. 48-56, 2019. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2019/35.1.48.56

[2] IPCC, “Climate Change: The Physical Science Basis; Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovern-mental Panel on Climate Change, ” Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; New York, NY, USA,p. 1535, 2013.

[3]    IPCC, “Climate change 2007: the Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on the climate change”. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 996, 2007.

[4]   S. Dhar, and A. Mazumdar, “Impacts of climate change under the threat of global Warming for an agricultural watershed of the Kangsabati River,” International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, vol. 3 (3), 2019.

[5]    X. Xin, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, T. Wu, and Y. Fang, “Climate change projections over East Asia with BCC_CSM1.1 Climate Model under RCP Scenarios,” Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, vol. 91 (4), pp. 413-429, 2013. DOI:10.2151/jmsj.2013-401.

[6]    H.X. Zheng, F.H. Chiew, S. Charles, and G. Podger, “Future climate and runoff projections across South Asia from CMIP5 global climate models and hydrological modelling. Journal of Hydrology,” Regional Studies, vol. 18, pp. 92-109, 2018.

[7]    N. Rehman, M. Adnan, and S. Ali, “Assessment of CMIP5 climate models over South Asia and climate change projections over Pakistan under representative concentration pathways,” International Journal of Global Warming, vol. 16 (4), pp. 381–415, 2018.

[8]    T.J. Zhou, and R.C. Yu, “Twentieth-century surface air temperature over China and the globe simulated by coupled climate models,” Journal of Climate. Vol. 19: pp. 5843-5858, 2006.

[9]    Z.H. Jiang, J. Song, and L. Li, W. Chen, Z. Wang, and J. Wang, “Extreme climate events in China: IPCC-AR4 model evaluation and projection,” Climatic Change, vol. 110, pp. 385-401, 2012.

[10] V.N. Dike, M.H. Shimizu, M. Diallo, Z. Lin, O.K. Nwofor, and T.C. Chineke, “Modelling present and future African climate using CMIP5 scenarios in HadGEM2-ES” International Journal of Climatology, vol. 35 (8), pp.  1784-1799, 2014; DOI: 10.1002/joc.408.

[11] N. Khan, S. Shahid, K. Ahmed, T. Ismail, N. Nawaz, and M. Son, "Performance assessment of General Circulation Model in simulating daily precipitation and temperature using multiple gridded datasets” Water, vol. 10, pp. 1793, 2018. DOI: 10.3390/w10121793.

[12] K.E. Taylor, R.J. Stouffer, and G.A. Meehl, “An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 93: pp. 485-498, 2012; DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1.

Author

Cite

References

 [1]   Tabbi et al, Fuel cells in stationary and portable fuel cell applications.International journal of hydrogen energy.41 (2016)

[2]    Wroblowa H et al, Adsorption and kinetics at platinum electrodes in the presence of oxygen at zero net current. J Electroanal Chem 1967; 15: 139–50.

[3]   Wang Junye. Barriers of scaling-up fuel cells: cost, durability and reliability. Energy 2015;80:509e21

[4]   Jiujun Zhang et al.PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers: fundamentals and
applications. Springer,2008.

[5]   Raza R et al, 2005.Kordesch K, Simader G. Fuel cells and their applications VCH; 1996.

[6]      Parthasarathy A et al, J Electrochem Soc 1992; 139: 2530–7.

[7]  Fuel Cell Technical Team Roadmap, US drive road map,  http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdf, 2013

[8]   R. Borup, et al., Scientific Aspects of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability and Degradation">Scientific Aspects of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability and Degradation Chem. Rev.,107, 3904-3951, 2007.

[9]   Raza R et al, Fuel cell technology for sustainable development in Pakistan – An over-view. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 53 (2016) 450–461.

[10]  Damjanovic A, Bockris JO’M. The rate constants for oxygen dissolution on bare and oxide-covered platinum. Electrochim Acta 1966; 11: 376–7.

[11]  Yao Nie, Li Li and Zidong Wei. Recent Advancements of Pt and Pt-free Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Chemical Society Reviews. DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x

[12] Kim TK1 et al .Nanoporous metal oxides with tunable and nanocrystalline frameworks via conversion of metal-organic frameworks. J Am Chem Soc. 2013 Jun19;135(24):8940-6. doi: 10.1021/ja401869h.

[13]    H. T. Chung et al, Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. Electrochem. Commun., 2010, 12,1792–1795.

[14]    L. Chong et al, Investigation of Oxygen Reduction Activity of Catalysts Derived from Co and Co/Zn Methyl‐Imidazolate Frameworks in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells .Chem Electro Chem, 2016, 3, 1541–1545.

[15]    P. Gai et al., Efficient and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalysed by MOF-derived Co catalysts. Mater. Chem. B, 1, 2742-2749, 2013.

[16]   S.Phapan et al, Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes derived from Zn–Fe-ZIF nanospheres and their application as efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts with in situ generated iron species. Chem. Sci., 4, 2941, 2013

[17]   B. Chen et al, Cobalt sulfide/N,S codoped porous carbon core–shell nanocomposites as superior bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions.Nanoscale, 2015, 7, 20674–20684.

[18]     J. shui et al, Highly efficient nonprecious metal catalyst prepared with metal–organic framework in a continuous carbon nanofibrous network.  10.1073/pnas.1507159112, 2015.

[19]    Chang H et al, Proceedings of the Symposium on Materials for Advanced Batteries and Fuel Cells. Solid State Ionics 2002; 148: 601–6

[20]   Kim et al, Novel ordered nanoporous graphitic C3N4 as a support for Pt–Ru     anode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cell.J. Mater. Chem. 17 (2007) 1656–1659.

[21]    M.J. Bojdys et al, Ionothermal synthesis of crystalline, condensed, graphitic carbon nitride.Chem. Eur. J. 14 (2008) 8177–8182

[22]    W. Zhang et al, Palladium nanoparticles supported on graphitic carbon nitride-modified reduced graphene oxide as highly efficient catalysts for formic acid and methanol electrooxidation, J. Mater. Chem. A 2 (2014) 19084–19094.

[23]     Chan SH et al, A mathematical model of polymer electrolyte fuel cell with anode CO kinetics. Electrochim Acta 2003;48:1905–19.

[24]     Kazuma Shinozaki et al, Oxygen Reduction Reaction Measurements on Platinum Electrocatalysts Utilizing Rotating Disk Electrode Technique. II. Influence of Ink Formulation, Catalyst Layer Uniformity and Thickness. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 162 (12) F1384-F1396 (2015)

[25]   Thacker R, Hoare JP. Sorption of oxygen from solution by noble metals: I. Bright platinum. J Electroanalysis Chem 1971; 30:1–14

[26] Yeager E. Dioxygen electrocatalysis: mechanisms in relation to catalyst structure. J Mol Catalyst 1986;38(1 2):5–25.

[27]  Jiujun Zhang et al. PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers: fundamentals and applications.  Springer,2008.

Author

Cite

References

[1]      Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations, Statistical Database, 2002.http://apps.fao.org.

[2]      W. Khan, K. Shehzada, T. Bibi, S.U. Islam, S.W. Khan, Performance evaluation of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in improving mechanical behavior of cement, Construction and Building Materials 176 (2018) 89–102.

[3]      Economic Survey of Pakistan, Ministry of Planning and Development, Islamabad, 2009-2010.

[4]      S.A. Memon, M.A. Shaikh, H. Akbar, Production of low cost self-compacting concrete using rice husk ash. In First International Conference on Construction in Developing Countries (ICCIDC-l), Advancing and Integrating Construction Education, Research & Practice, Karachi, Pakistan, 260-269 (2008).

[5]      Development of Statistics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Bureau of Statistics

Planning & Development Department Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (2017). www.kpbos.gov.pk.

[6]      S. Wansom, S., Janjapuraphan, S. Sinthupinyo, Characterizing pozzolanic activity of rice husk ash by impedance spectroscopy, Cement and Concrete Research, 40 (2010) 1714-1722.

[7]      C.B. Majumder, M. Sharma, G. Soni, A simple non-conventional method to extract amorphous silica from rice husk. Bioresource Technology, accepted 28 April (2014).

[8]      I.J. Fernandes, D. Calheiro, F.A.L. Sánchezb, A.L.D. Camacho, Characterization of Silica Produced from Rice Husk Ash: Comparison of Purification and Processing Methods, Materials Research. 20(Suppl. 2) (2017) 512-518.

[9]      D.G. Nair, K.S. Jagadish, A. Fraaij, Reactive pozzolanas from rice husk ash : An alternative to cement for rural housing, 36 (2006) 1062–1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.03.012.

[10]   L.A. Bui, C. Chen, C. Hwang, W. Wu, Effect of silica forms in rice husk ash on the properties of concrete. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 19(3) (2012) 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-012-0547-9.

[11]   V.P. Della, I. Ku¨hn, D. Hotza, Rice husk ash as an alternate source for active silica production, Materials Letters 57 (2002) 818–821.

[12]   R.M. Ferraro, A. Nanni, A. (2012). Effect of off-white rice husk ash on strength, porosity, conductivity and corrosion resistance of white concrete, Construction and Building Materials 31 (2012) 220–225.

[13]   Muthadhi, S. Kothandaraman, Optimum production conditions for reactive rice husk ash, Materials and Structures 43(9) (2010) 1303–1315.

[14]   R. Khan, A. Jabbar, I. Ahmad, W. Khan, A.N. Khan, J. Mirza, Reduction in environmental problems using rice-husk ash in concrete, Construction and Building Materials 30 (2012) 360-365.

Author

Preetam: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China

Yan Chongjing: College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China Preetam and Yan Chongjing

Cite

References

Author

Cite

References

[1] S. AlYahya and M. A. Irfan, "Analysis from the new solar radiation Atlas for Saudi Arabia," Solar Energy, vol. 130, pp. 116-127, 2016.

[2] A. F. Almarshoud, "Performance of solar resources in Saudi Arabia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 66, pp. 694-701, 2016.

[3] S. G. Erica Zell, Stephen Wilcox, Suzan Katamoura, Thomas Stoffel, Husain Shibli, Jill Engel-Cox, Madi Al Subie, "Assessment of solar radiation resources in Saudia Arabia," Solar Energy, vol. 119, pp. 422-438, 2015.

[4] C. C. Rodrigo A.Escobar, Alan Pino, Enio Bueno Pereira, Fernando Ramos Martins, José Miguel Cardemil, "Solar energy resource assessment in Chile: Satellite estimation and ground station measurements," Renewable Energy, vol. 71, pp. 324-332, 2014.

[5] P. P. S. Janjai, J. Laksanaboonsong, "A model for calculating hourly global solar radiation from satellite data in the tropics," Applied Energy, vol. 86, pp. 1450-1457, 2009.

[6] (May 15). Where is Peshawar, Pakistan? Available: https://www.worldatlas.com/as/pk/kp/where-is-peshawar.html

[7] B. E. P. Blanc, N. Geuder, C. Gueymard, R. Meyerd, R. Pitz-Paal, B. Reinhardt, D. Renné, M. Sengupta, L. Wald, S. Wilbert, "Direct normal irradiance related definitions and applications: The circumsolar issue," Solar Energy, vol. 110, pp. 561-577, 2014.

[8] P. J. Yang Dazhi, Wilfred M.Walsh, "The Estimation of Clear Sky Global Horizontal Irradiance at the Equator," in Energy Procedia, 2012, pp. 141-148.

[9] (May 24). Solar Resource Mapping. Available: https://www.aedb.org/ae-technologies/solar-power/solar-resources

[10] (May 21). International Data. Available: https://nsrdb.nrel.gov/international-datasets

Author

Cite

References

1. I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, “Wireless sensor networks: a survey,” Computer Networks 38 (2002) 393–422.

2. Xuxun Liu, “A Survey on Clustering Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Vol.12, 2012, pp. 11113-11153.

3. Ian F. Akyildiz, Weilian Su, Yogesh Sankarasubramaniam, and Erdal Cayirci, “A Survey on Sensor Networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine • August 2002.

4. David Culler, Deborah Estrin, Mani Srivastava,“Overview of Sensor Networks,”Published by the IEEE Computer Society August 2004.

5. Nikolaos A. Pantazis, Stefanos A. Nikolidakis and Dimitrios D. Vergados, “Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials.

6. Chunjuan Wei, Junjie Yang, Yanjie Gao, Zhimei Zhang, “Cluster-based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey,” 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology.

7. Ahmed Badi, Imad Mahgoub, Fadi Sibai, “Impact of Transmission-related Parameters on the Energy Performance of Cluster-based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2011 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology.

8. Guangyan Huang, Xiaowei Li, Jing He, “Energy-Efficiency Analysis of Cluster-Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEEAC paper #1088, Version 6, Updated Nov. 21, 2005.

9. W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, “Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol forWireless Microsensor Networks,” Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2000.

10. Li Qing , Qingxin Zhu, Mingwen Wang, “Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks,” Computer Communications 29 (2006) 2230–2237.

11. G. Smaragdakis, I. Matta, A. Bestavros, “SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks,” Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Sensor and Actor Network Protocol and Applications (SANPA), Boston, U.S.A, 2004, pp. 1-11.

12. Manjeshwar, E.; Agrawal, D.P., “TEEN: A Routing Protocol for Enhance Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks,” In Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS), San Francisco, CA, USA, 23–27 April 2001; pp. 2009–2015.

13. Bencan Gong Tingyao Jiang, “A Tree-Based Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks,” 978-1-4244-8165-1/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE.

14. S. Lindsey and C. Raghavendra: PEGASIS: Power- Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems. IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (2002) 1125-1130.

15. Yang Peng, Zi Li, Wensheng Zhang, and Daji Qiao, “Prolonging Sensor Network Lifetime through Wireless Charging,” 2010 31st IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium.

16. Liguang Xie, Yi Shi, Y. Thomas Hou and Hanif D. Sherali, “Making Sensor Networks Immortal: An Energy-Renewal Approach With Wireless Power Transfer,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 20, No. 6, December 2012.

17. Yinggang Bu, Masahiro Nishiyama, Takuto Ueda, Yoshimi Tashima, and Tsutomu Mizuno, “Examination of Wireless Power Transfer Combined With the Utilization of Distance Detection,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 50, No. 11, November 2014.

18. Liguang Xie, Yi Shi, Y. Thomas Hou, Wenjing Lou, Hanif D. Sherali, and Scott F. Midkiff, “Multi-Node Wireless Energy Charging in Sensor Networks,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 23, No. 2, April 2015.

19. Liguang Xie, Yi Shi, Y. Thomas Hou, Andwenjing Lou, “Wireless Power Transfer and Applications to Sensor Networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications • August 2013.

20. Xiao Lu, Ping Wang, Dusit Niyato, Dong In Kim, and Zhu Han, “Wireless Networks with RF Energy Harvesting: A Contemporary Survey,” arXiv:1406.6470v6 [cs.NI] 5 Sep 2014.

21. Melike Erol-Kantarci and Hussein T. Mouftah, University of Ottawa “SuReSense: Sustainable Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks for the Smart Grid,” IEEE Wireless Communications • June 2012.

22. Vehbi C. Gungor, Bin Lu and Gerhard P. Hancke, “Opportunities and Challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Grid,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 10, October 2010.

23. Silvia Jimenez-Fernandez, Paula de Toledo and Francisco del Pozo,“Usability and Interoperability in Wireless Sensor Networks for Patient Tele-monitoring in Chronic Disease Management,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 60, No. 12, December 2013.

24. Hamid Jabbar, Young. S. Song, Taikyeong Ted. Jeong, “RF Energy Harvesting System􀀃and Circuits for Charging of Mobile Devices,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 1, February 2010.

25. A. Kansal, D. Potter, and M. B. Srivastava, “Performance aware tasking for environmentally powered sensor networks,” SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev., 32(1):223–234, 2004.

26. C. Park and P. Chou, “Ambimax: Autonomous energy harvesting platform for multi-supply wireless sensor nodes,” In SECON ’06, pages 168–177, Sept. 2006.

27. S. M. Jose, J. O. Mur-mir, R. Amirtharajah, A. P. Ch, and J. H. Lang, “Vibration-to-electric energy conversion. IEEE Transactions on Very Large-scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,” 9(1):64–76, Feb 2001.

28. A. Kurs, A. Karalis, R. Moffatt, J. D. Joannopoulos, P. Fisher, and M. Soljacic, “Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances,” Science, vol. 317, no. 5834, pp. 83–86, 2007.

Author

Cite

References

1. F. Maury, Summary of the answers to the questionnaire on the dynamic performances of future power system, CIGRE, Electra, pp. 87-100, 1975

2. J. H. Chow and J. J. Sanchez-Gasca, Pole-Placement Designs of Power System Stabilizers, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 1989.

3. M. A. Abido and Y. L. Abdel-Magid, Robust design of electrical power-based stabilizers using Tabu search, Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, Vol. 3, pp. 1573-1578, 2001.

4. P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1994.

5. K. T. Law et. al, Robust Co-ordinated AVR-PSS Design, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 3, August 1994

6. P. S. hamsollahi, Neural Adaptive Power System Stabilizer, Thesis at University of CALGARY, CALGARY, ALBERTA, July, 1997

7. G. Rogers, Power System Oscillations. Boston, MA: Kluwer, 2000.

8. K.. Hongesombut, and Y. Mitani: Implementation of Advanced Genetic Algorithm to Modern Power System Stabilization Control, Power Systems Conference and Exposition, pp. 1050-1055 vol.2, 2004 .

9. G. R. Bérubé, L. M. Hajagos, and R. Beaulieu, “Practical utility experience in application of power system stabilizers,” in Proc. IEEE PESSummer Meeting, vol. 1, Jul. 1999, pp. 104–109.

10. C. W. Taylor, “Improving the grid behavior,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 36, no. 6, Jun. 1999.

11. C. W. Taylor, C. Erickson, K. E. Martin, R. E. Wilson, and V. Venkatasubramanian, “WACS-wide-area stability and voltage control system: R&D and on-line demonstration,” Proc. IEEE, submitted for publication.

12. N. Martins, A. A. Barbosa, J. C. R. Ferraz, M. G. dos Santos, A. L. B. Bergamo, C. S. Yung, V. R. Oliveira, and N. J. P. Macedo, “Retuning stabilizers for the North-South Brazilian interconnection,” in Proc. IEEEPES Summer Meeting, vol. 1, Jul. 1999, pp. 58–67.

13. A. Fischer and I. Erlich, “Impact of long-distance power transits on the dynamic security of large interconnected power systems,” Proc. 2001IEEE Power Tech. Conf., vol. 2, p. 6, Sep. 2001.

14. L. Gérin-Lajoie, D. Lefebvre, M. Racine, L. Soulières, and I. Kamwa, “Hydro-Québec experience with PSS tuning,” panel on system reliability as affected by power system stabilizers,” in Proc. IEEE PESSummer Meeting, vol. 1, Jul. 1999, pp. 88–95.

15. D. M. L. Crenshaw, C. J. Bridenbauch, A. Murdoch, R. A Lawson, and M. J. D’Antonio, “Microprocessor-based power system stabilizer anddisturbance recorder,” presented at the IEEE Joint Power Generation Conference, Chicago, IL, Mar. 1991.

Author

Cite

References

[1]         Raval, Falguni, Y. P. Kosta, and Harshita Joshi. "Reduced size patch antenna using complementary split ring resonator as defected ground plane." AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications 69.8 (2015): 1126-1133.

[2]         Veselago VG. The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of  and ε. Sov Phys Usp 1968;10:509–14

[3]         Cui Tie Jun, Smith David, Liu Ruopeng. Metamaterials: theory, design, and applications. Springer Science & Business Media, Technology & Engineering; Oct,2009. p. 1–2.

[4]         Marqués Ricardo, Martín Ferran, Sorolla Mario. Metamaterials with negative parameters: theory, design and microwave applications. John Wiley& Sons –Technology & Engineering; Sep, 2011

[5]         A. Basir, S. Ullah, M. Zada, and S. Faisal. "Design of efficient and
flexible patch antenna using an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) ground
plane." . In IEEE International Conference on Open Source Systems and
Technologies (ICOSST), 2014, pp. 1-5.

[6]         Nacer Chahat, Maxim Zhadobov, Ronan Sauleau, and Kouroch
Mahdjoubi. "Improvement of the on-body performance of a dual-band
textile antenna using an EBG structure." In Antennas and Propagation
Conference (LAPC), Loughborough, IEEE,pp. 465-468., 2010.

[7]         MD. Ashikur Rahman, Moinul Hossain, Ibnul Sanjid Iqbal, and Syed
Sobhan. "Design and performance analysis of a dual-band microstrip
patch antenna for mobile WiMAX, WLAN, Wi-Fi and bluetooth
applications." In Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV),
International Conference on, IEEE ,pp. 1-6, 2014

[8]         H.S. Zhang, K. Xiao, L. Qiu, and S. L. Chai. "Wide band e-shape
wearable antenna for wireless body area network." In IEEE International
Wireless Symposium (IWS), 2014, pp. 1-4

[9]         Priyanarayan Misra, and Amaresh Tripathy. "Triple Band Planar
Antenna for Wireless Communication." International Journal of
Computer Applications 48, vol. 23, pp. 28-30, 2012

[10]      R. Dewan M. K. A. Rahim M. R. Hamid H. A. Majid M. F. M. Yusoff M. E. Jalil "Reconfigurable antenna using capacitive loading to Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC)"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 58 pp. 2422-2429 2016.

[11]      A. B. Jagadeesan A. Alphones M. F. Karim L. C. Ong "Metamaterial based reconfigurable multiband antenna" 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, pp. 2389-2390 2015.

[12]      Behera, Bikash Ranjan and Priyadarshi Suraj. “Rectangular microstrip patch antenna for wireless fidelity application: Design of a Wi-Fi antenna using the concept of metamaterials.” 2016 IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT) (2016): 1933-1937.

[13]      Ali, Usman & Ullah, Sadiq & , Haroon. (2016). Design and Analysis of a 2.4 GHz Antenna using Metamaterial Ground Planes for Body Worn Wireless Applications. Bahria University Journal of Information & Communication Technologies (BUJICT). 9.

[14]      Smyth, Braden P. et al. “Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Integrated Uniplanar Metamaterial-Based EBGs.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64 (2016): 5046-5053.

[15]      Aravind, V.S. & Gupta, Shilpi. (2015). Compact EBG ground plane microstrip antenna for high gain applications. 10.1109/ET2ECN.2014.7044963.

[16]      C.A.Balanis, antenna theory: Design and Analysis, Second edition, pages 722-736 to 869-870, John Wiley and Sons, 1997.

[17]      Rahmat-Samii, Yahya, and H. Mosallaei. "Electromagnetic band-gap structures: classification, characterization, and applications." (2001): 560-564.pp

[18]      Sievenpiper, Dan, et al. "High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and techniques 47.11 (1999): 2059-2074.              

[19]     Rahmat-Samii, Yahya, and H. Mosallaei. "Electromagnetic band-gap structures: classification, characterization, and applications." (2001): 560-564 DOI10.1049/ CP 20010350.

Author

Cite

References

[1] European Photovoltaic Industry Association, “Global market outlook– for photovoltaics 2014 2018,” EPIA, Tech. Rep., Jun. 2014, ISBN 9789082228403.
[2] Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, and William P. Robbins, Power Electronics, 2nd ed., pp. 23, 241, and 726, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1995. [3] Athari, Hamed, Mehdi Niroomand, and Mohammad Ataei. "Review and classification of control systems in grid-tied inverters." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72 (2017): 1167-1176
[4] Teodorescu R, Blaabjerg F, Liserre M, Loh PC. Proportional-resonant controllers and filters for grid-connected voltage-source converters. IEEE Proc Electr Power Appl 2006;153(5):750–62, [Sept.]. [5] Chatterjee, Aditi, and Kanungo Barada Mohanty. "Current control strategies for single phase grid integrated inverters for photovoltaic applications-a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 92 (2018): 554-569.
[6] Komurcugil H. Rotating-sliding-line-based sliding-mode control for single-phase UPS inverters. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 2012;59(10):3719–26, [Oct.].
[7] Krismadinata C, Rahim NA, Selvaraj J. Implementation of hysteresis current control for single-phase grid connected inverter. In: Proceedings 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Bangkok; 2007. p. 1097–1101.
[8] Dahono PA. New hysteresis current controller for single-phase full-bridge inverters. IET Power Electron 2009;2(5):585–94.
[9] Yao Z, Xiao L. Control of single-phase grid-connected inverters with nonlinear loads. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 2013;60(4):1384–9.
[10] Elsaharty MA, Hamad MS, H. A. Ashour HA. Digital hysteresis current control for grid-connected converters with LCL filter. In: - Proceedings 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), Melbourne, VIZ; 2011. p. 4685–4690.
[11] Ichikawa R, Funato H, Nemoto K. Experimental verification of single-phase utility interface inverter based on digital hysteresis current controller. In: Proceedings International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.
[12] Damen A, Weiland S. Robust Control. Measurement and Control Group Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, Draft version, July 2002.
[13] Zames G. Feedback and optimal sensitivity: model reference transformations, multiplicative seminorms, and approximate inverses. IEEE Trans Autom Control 1981:301–20.
[14] Hornik T, Zhong Q Ch. A current-control strategy for voltage-source inverters in microgrids based on H∞ and repetitive control. IEEE Trans Power Electron 2011;26(3), [March].
[15] Abu-Rub H, Guzin´ski J, Krzeminski Z, Toliyat HA. Predictive current control of voltage-source inverters. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 2004;51(3), [Jun.].
[16] Moreno JC, Huerta JME, Gil RG, Gonzalez SA. A robust predictive current control for three phase grid-connected inverters. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 2009;56(6):1993–2004, [Jun.].
[17] Bojoi R, Limongi LR, Roiu D, Tenconi A. Enhanced power quality control strategy for single-phase inverters in distributed generation systems. IEEE Trans Power Electron 2011;26(3):798–806, [March].
[18] de Almeida PM, Duarte JL, Ribeiro PF, Barbosa PG. Repetitive controller for improving grid connected photovoltaic systems. IET Power Electron 2014;7(6):1466–74, [June].
[19] Ramos C, Martins A, Carvalho A. Complex state-space current controller for grid connected converters with an LCL filter. In: 35th Annual conference of IEEE industrial electronics, IECON 09. 2009. pp. 296–301.
[20] Passino KM. Intelligent control: anan overview of techniques. Department of Electrical Engineering, Ohio State University; 2015.
[21] Wang X, Blaabjerg F, Chen Z. Autonomous control of inverter-interfaced distributed generation units for harmonic current filtering and resonance damping in an islanded microgrid. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 2014;50(1):452–61, [Jan.- Feb.].
[22] Lin FJ, Ch. Lu K, Ke TH. Probabilistic Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network based reactive power control for grid-connected three-phase PV system during grid faults. Renew Energy 2016;92:437 49, [July].
International Journal of Engineering Works Vol. 6, Issue 08, PP. 258-268, August 2019
www.ijew.io
[23] Kyoungsoo R, Rahman S. Two-loop controller for maximizing performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic-fuel cell hybrid power plant. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 1998;13(3):276–81, [Sep].
[24] Niroomand M, Karshenas HR. Review and comparison of control methods for uninterruptible power supplies. In: 1st power electronic and drive systems and technologies conference, 2010.
[25] Eren S, Pahlevani M, Bakhshai A, Jain P. An adaptive droop DC-bus voltage controller for a grid-connected voltage source inverter with LCL filter. IEEE Trans Power Electron 2015;30(2):547–60, [Feb.].
[26] Zhong QC, Hornik T. Control of power inverters in renewable energy and smart grid integration. John Wiley & Sons; 2013.
[27] M. Liserre, F. Blaabjerg and S. Hansen. “Design and control of an LCL-filter based three-phase active rectifier. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions vol. 41, no. 5, 1281-1291, 2005.
[28] Damen A, Weiland S. Robust Control. Measurement and Control Group Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, Draft version, July 2002.
[29] Zmood, D.N.; Holmes, D.G. Stationary frame current regulation of PWM inverters with zero steady-state error. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2003, 18, 814–822.
[30] Wei Gu and Issa Batarseh, "Interleaved synchronous buck regulator with hysteretic voltage control," 2001 IEEE 32 Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Vol. 3, pp. 1512–1516, 2001.
[31] Youqing Wang, Furong Gao, and Francis J. Doyle. Survey on iterative learning control, repetitive control, and run-to-run control. J. Process Control, 19(10):1589{1600, 2009.
[32] Yongheng Yang, Keliang Zhou, and Frede Blaabjerg. Harmonics suppression for single phase grid-connected PV systems in different operation modes. 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annu. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., pages 889{896, mar 2013.
[33] Youqing Wang, Furong Gao, and Francis J. Doyle. Survey on iterative learning control, repetitive control, and run-to-run control. J. Process Control, 19(10):1589{1600, 2009.
[34] X. Lu and J. Wang, “A Game Changer: Electrifying Remote Communities by Using Isolated Microgrids,” IEEE Electrif. Mag., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 56–63, 2017.

Author

Cite

References

1. [1]     Dudley, Bob. "BP statistical review of world energy." London, UK (2012).

2. [2]     Hartwick, John M. "Natural resources, national accounting and economic depreciation." Journal of public Economics 43.3 (1990): 291-304.

3. [3]     Awan, Ahmad Bilal, and Zeeshan Ali Khan. "Recent progress in renewable energy–Remedy of energy crisis in Pakistan." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 33 (2014): 236-253.

4. [4]     Khalil, Hafiz Bilal, and Syed Jawad Hussain Zaidi. "Energy crisis and potential of solar energy in Pakistan." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 31 (2014): 194-201.

5. [5]     Asif, Muhammad. "Energy crisis in Pakistan: Origins, challenges, and sustainable solutions." OUP Catalogue (2012).

6. [6]      Masood, Muhammad Tahir, and Fawad Shah. "Dilemma of third world countries-problems facing pakistan energy crisis a case-in-point." International Journal of Business and Management 7.5 (2012): 231.

7. [7]     Yazhou, Lei. "Studies on wind farm integration into power system [J]." Automation of Electric Power Systems 27.8 (2003): 84-89.

8. [8]     Bhutta, Muhammad Mahmood Aslam, et al. "Vertical axis wind turbine–A review of various configurations and design techniques." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16.4 (2012): 1926-1939.

9. [9]     Shakeel, Shah Rukh, Josu Takala, and Waqas Shakeel. "Renewable energy sources in power generation in Pakistan." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 64 (2016): 421-434.

10. [10]  Rauf, Omer, et al. "An overview of energy status and development in Pakistan." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 48 (2015): 892-931.

11. [11]  Kusakana, Kanzumba, and Herman Jacobus Vermaak. "Hydrokinetic power generation for rural electricity supply: Case of South Africa." Renewable energy 55 (2013): 467-473.

12. [12]  Behrouzi, Fatemeh, et al. "Global renewable energy and its potential in Malaysia: A review of Hydrokinetic turbine technology." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62 (2016): 1270-1281.

13. [13]  Chica, E., et al. "Design of a hydrokinetic turbine." WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ 195 (2015): 137-148.

14. [14]  Lago, L. I., F. L. Ponta, and L. Chen. "Advances and trends in hydrokinetic turbine systems." Energy for sustainable development 14.4 (2010): 287-296.

15. [15]  De Battista, Hernan, Ricardo J. Mantz, and Carlos F. Christiansen. "Dynamical sliding mode power control of wind driven induction generators." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 15.4 (2000): 451-457.

16. [16]  Malinowski, Mariusz, Marian P. Kazmierkowski, and Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski. "A comparative study of control techniques for PWM rectifiers in AC adjustable speed drives." IEEE Transactions on power electronics 18.6 (2003): 1390-1396.

17. [17]  Hansen, Anca D., and Gabriele Michalke. "Modelling and control of variable‐speed multi‐pole permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine." Wind Energy: An International Journal for Progress and Applications in Wind Power Conversion Technology 11.5 (2008): 537-554.

18. [18]  Barnes, Arthur K., Juan C. Balda, and Corris M. Stewart. "Selection of converter topologies for distributed energy resources." 2012 Twenty-Seventh Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2012.

19. [19]  Nishijima, K & Harada, K & Nakano, T & Nabeshima, Toshitaka & Sato, T. (2005). Analysis of Double Step-Down Two-Phase Buck Converter for VRM. 497 - 502. 10.1109/INTLEC.2005.335149.

20. [20]  Wu, Wenkai, Nai-Chi Lee, and George Schuellein. "Multi-phase buck converter design with two-phase coupled inductors." Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC06. IEEE, 2006.

Author

​​​​​​​

Cite

References

1. [1]  K. Dang, J. Yu, T. Dang, and B. Han, “Benefit of distributed generation on line loss reduction,” in 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering, 2011, pp. 2042-2045.
2.  [2]  A. Kumar and W. Gao, “Voltage profile improvement and line loss reduction with distributed generation in deregulated electricity markets,” TENCON 2008 - 2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp. 1-6, Nov. 2008.
3. [3]  P. Chiradeja, “Benefit of Distributed Generation: A Line Loss Reduction Analysis,” in 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition: Asia and Pacific, pp. 1-5.
4. [4]  Sonderegger, R. C., Henderson, D., Bubb, S., and Steury, J.,“Distributed Asset Insight,“ IEEE Power&Energy Magazine, pp. 32-39, May/June 2004.
5. [5]  Puttgen, H. B., Macgregor, P. R., and Lambert F.C., “Distributed Generation: Semantic Hype or the Dawn of a New Era?,” IEEE Power&Energy Magazine, pp. 22-29, January/February 2003.
6. [6]  A. D. T. Le, M. A. Kashem, S. Member, M. Negnevitsky, and G. Ledwich, “Optimal Distributed Generation Parameters for Reducing Losses with Economic Consideration,” pp. 1-8, 2007.
7. [7]  P. Chiradeja, R. Ramakumar, and L. Fellow, “An Approach to Quantify the Technical Benefits of Distributed Generation,” vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 764-773, 2004.
8. [8]   R. Abbasi, “Reduction of Transmission Line Losses Using VLSI Interconnect,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 30, no. 2011, pp. 10-19, Jan. 2012.
9. [9]  T. Q. D. Khoa, P. t. t. Binh, and H. b. Tran, “Optimizing Location and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution Systems,” in 2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2006, pp. 725-732.
10. [10]  H. Iyer, S. Member, S. Ray, S. Member, R. Ramakumar, and L. Fellow, “Assessment of Distributed Generation Based on Voltage Profile Improvement and Line Loss Reduction,” pp. 1-6, 2010.
11. [11]  P. A.-d-vimal Raj, S. Senthilkumar, J. Raja, S. Ravichandran, and T. G. Palanivelu, “Optimization of Distributed Generation Capacity for Line Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Improvement Using PSO,” vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 41-48, 2008.
12. [12]  W.-T. Huang and S.-T. Chen, “Line Loss Reduction by Distribution System Upgrading from Radial to Normally Closed-Loop Arrangement,” 2009 Ninth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, pp. 334-339, 2009.
13. [13]  H. B. Puttgen, P. R. Macgregor, and F. C. Lambert, 2003. Distributed generation: Semantic hype or the dawn of a new era?. vol. 1, p. 22-29. Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE.
14. [14]  R. K. Rajput, 2005. Internal Combustion Engines: Laxmi Publications.
15. [15] D. M. Tagare, 2011. Electricity Power Generation. The Changing Dimensions: Wiley

Author

​​​​​​​

Cite

References

1. BP. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2014; Available from: http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy-economics/statistical-review- 2014/BP- statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-full-report.pdf

2. Fleurial, J.-P., Thermoelectric power generation materials: Technology and application opportunities. JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2009. 61(4): p. 79- 85.

3. Tchanche, B.F., et al., Low-grade heat conversion into power using organic Rankine cycles–A review of various applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011. 15(8): p. 3963-3979.

4. Hamid Elsheikh, M., et al., A review on thermoelectric renewable energy: Principle parameters that affect their performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014. 30: p. 337-355.

5. Ismail, B.I. and W.H. Ahmed, Thermoelectric Power Generation Using Waste- Heat Energy as an Alternative Green Technology. Recent Patents on Electrical Engineering, 2009. 2(1).

6. Jiin-Yuh Jang, Ying-Chi Tsai, "Optimization of thermoelectric generator module spacing and spreader thickness used in a waste heat recovery system," Elsevier, no. 51, pp. 677-689, 2012.

7. Laia Miró, Jaume Gasia, Luisa F. Cabeza, “Thermal energy storage (TES) for industrial waste heat (IWH) recovery:A review,” Elsevier, p. 285, 2016.

8. Tongcai Wang, Weiling Luan , Wei Wang, Shan-Tung Tu, "Waste heat recovery through plate heat exchanger based thermoelectric generator system," Elsevier, p. 860, 2014.

9. Cynthia Haddad, Christelle Périlhon, Amélie Danlos, Maurice-Xavier François, Georges Descombes, "Some efficient solutions to recover low and medium waste heat: competitiveness of the thermoacoustic technology," in The International Conference on Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability, TMREES14, Paris, 2014.

10. S. Spoelstra, M.E.H. Tijani, Thermoacoustic heat pumps for energy savings," in Presented at the seminar "Boundary crossing acoustics" of the Acoustical Society of the Netherlands, Netherlands, 2005.

11. Fitriani, R.Ovik , B.D.Long , M.C.Barma, M.Riaz , M.F.M.Sabri , S.M.Said ,, "A review on nano structures of high – temperature thermoelectric materials for waste heat recovery," Elsevier, p. 636, 2016.

12. Law, R., A. Harvey, and D. Reay, Opportunities for low-grade heat recovery in the UK food processing industry. Applied thermal engineering, 2013. 53(2): p. 188-196.

13. Jorge Vázquez, Miguel A. Sanz-Bobi, Rafael Palacios, Antonio Arenas “State of the Art of Thermoelectric Generators Based on Heat Recovered from the Exhaust Gases of Automobiles” .

Author

Cite

References

Author

​​​​​​​

Cite

References

[1]     G. P. Adam et al. “New flying capacitor multilevel converter”. In: 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. 2011, pp. 335–339. DOI: 10 . 1109/ISIE.2011.5984181.

[2]     S. S. Priyan and K. Ramani. “Implementation of closed loop system for flying capacitor multilevel inverter with stand-alone Photovoltaic input”. In: 2013 International Conference on Power, Energy and Control (ICPEC). 2013, pp. 281–286. DOI: 10 . 1109 / ICPEC . 2013 .6527666.

[3]     L. Wang, Q. H. Wu, and W. Tang. “Novel Cascaded Switched-Diode Multilevel Inverter for Renewable Energy Integration”. In: IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 32.4 (2017), pp. 1574–1582. ISSN: 0885- 8969. DOI: 10.1109/TEC.2017.2710352.

[4]     P. Sotoodeh and R. D. Miller. “Design and Implementation of an 11-Level Inverter With FACTS Capability for Distributed Energy Systems”. In: IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 2.1 (2014), pp. 87–96. ISSN: 2168-6777. DOI: 10 . 1109 / JESTPE.2013.2293311.

[5]     S Senthil and K Ravi. “A new compilation of renewable energy sources using multilevel inverter with space vector modulation techniques”. In: Green Computing Communication and Electrical Engineering (ICGCCEE), 2014 International Conference on. IEEE. 2014, pp. 1–6.

[6]     Amrita Tuteja, Amita Mahor, and Aarti Sirsat. “A review on mitigation of harmonics in cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using optimization techniques”. In: International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 3.2 (2013), pp. 30–34.

[7]     J Rodiguez. “Multilevel inverter: a survey of topologies, controls, and application”. In: IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics 49.4 (2002), pp. 724–738.

[8]     Ashish Bendre and Giri Venkataramanan. “Neutral current ripple minimization in a three-level rectifier”. In: IEEE transactions on industry applications 42.2 (2006), pp. 582–590.

[9]     Derakhshanfar Mohammadreza. “Analysis of different topologies of multilevel inverters”. In: (2010).

[10]  Dogga Raveendhra, Pracheta Prakash, and Parvesh Saini. “Simulation based analysis of FPGA controlled Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel inverter fed solar PV system”. In: Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability (ICEETS), 2013 International Conference on. IEEE. 2013, pp. 568–572.

[11]  Yugo Kashihara and Jum-ichi Itoh. “Power losses of multilevel converters in terms of the number of the output voltage levels”. In: Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Hiroshima 2014-ECCE-ASIA), 2014 International. IEEE. 2014, pp. 1943–1949.

[12]  H Jabir et al. “Development of a transformer-based multilevel inverter topology for stand-alone photovoltaic system”. In: Power Electronics and Applications (EPE),topology for stand-alone photovoltaicvsystem”. In: Power Electronics and Applications (EPE), 2013 15th European Conference on. IEEE. 2013, pp. 1–10.

[13]  S Boobalan and R Dhanasekaran. “Hybrid topology of asymmetric cascaded multilevel inverter with renewable energy sources”. In: Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT), 2014 International Conference on. IEEE. 2014, pp. 1046 1051.

[14]  Md Rabiul Islam et al. “A 43-level 33 kV 3-phase modular multilevel cascaded converter for direct grid integration of renewable generation systems”. In: Innovative Smart Grid Technologies-Asia (ISGT Asia), 2014 IEEE. IEEE. 2014, pp. 594–599.

[15]  Edris Pouresmaeil, Daniel Montesinos-Miracle, and Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. “Control scheme of three-level NPC inverter for integration of renewable energy resources into AC grid”. In: IEEE systems journal 6.2 (2012), pp. 242–253.

[16]  Miguel Chaves et al. “New approach in back-to-back mlevel diode-clamped multilevel converter modelling and direct current bus voltages balancing”. In: IET Power Electronics 3.4 (2010), pp. 578–589.

[17]  Xianglian Xu et al. “FPGA based multiplex PWM generator for diode-clamped cascaded inverter in the direct-driven wind power system”. In: Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC), 2012 7th International. Vol. 2. IEEE. 2012, pp. 1268–1272.

[18]  Sanghun Choi and Maryam Saeedifard. “Capacitor voltage balancing of flying capacitor multilevel converters by space vector PWM”. In: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 27.3 (2012), pp. 1154–1161.

[19]  Ahmad Alyan et al. “New topology three phase multilevel inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic system”. In: Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on. IEEE. 2014, pp. 592–599.

[20]  Xiaonan Lu et al. “High performance hybrid cascaded inverter for renewable energy system”. In: Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE. IEEE. 2011, pp. 970– 975.

[21]  Akira Nabae, Isao Takahashi, and Hirofumi Akagi. “A new neutral-point-clamped PWM inverter”. In: IEEE Transactions on industry applications 5 (1981), pp. 518–523.

[22]  Hee-Jung Kim, Hyeoun-Dong Lee, and Seung-Ki Sul. “A new PWM strategy for common-mode voltage reduction in neutral-point-clamped inverter-fed AC motor drives”. In: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 37.6 (2001), pp. 1840–1845.

[23]  Changliang Xia et al. “Discontinuous space vector PWM strategy of neutral-point-clamped three-level inverters for output current ripple reduction”. In: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32.7 (2017), pp. 5109–5121.

[24]  Yong Wang et al. “Diode-free T-type three-level neutralpoint- clamped inverter for low-voltage renewable energy system”. In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 61.11 (2014), pp. 6168–6174.

[25]  Muhammad H Rashid. Power electronics handbook. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017.

[26]  Engin Ozdemir, Sule Ozdemir, and Leon M Tolbert. “Fundamental-frequency-modulated six-level diodeclamped multilevel inverter for three-phase stand-alone photovoltaic system”. In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56.11 (2009), pp. 4407–4415.

[27]  Leon M Tolbert, Fang Zheng Peng, and Thomas G Habetler. “Multilevel converters for large electric drives”. In: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 35.1 (1999), pp. 36–44.

[28]  ID Pharne and YN Bhosale. “A review on multilevel inverter topology”. In: Power, Energy and Control (ICPEC), 2013 International Conference on. IEEE. 2013, pp. 700–703.

[29]  Sergio Daher. Analysis, design and implementation of a high efficiency multilevel converter for renewable energy systems. Kassel University Press, 2006.

[30]  Ibrahim Haruna Shanono. Multilevel converters: the future of renewable energy: design, simulation and implementation of a multilevel converter. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, ein Imprint der/a trademark of AV Akademieverlag GmbH & Company KG, 2012.

[31]  Mohamad Agha Shafiyi et al. “A grid-connected PV power supply based on flying capacitor multicell converter with modified MPPT based control for active power filtering”. In: Renewable Energy and Distributed Generation (ICREDG), 2012 Second Iranian Conference on. IEEE. 2012, pp. 141–146.

[32]  Georgios Konstantinou et al. “The seven-level flying capacitor based ANPC converter for grid intergration of utility-scale PV systems”. In: Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE. 2012, pp. 592–597.

[33]  Mostafa Khazraei et al. “Active capacitor voltage balancing in single-phase flying-capacitor multilevel power converters”. In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59.2 (2012), pp. 769–778.

[34]  Ilhami Colak, Ersan Kabalci, and Ramazan Bayindir. “Review of multilevel voltage source inverter topologies and control schemes”. In: Energy conversion and management 52.2 (2011), pp. 1114–1128.

[35]  Moncef Ben Smida and Faouzi Ben Ammar. “Modeling and DBC-PSC-PWM control of a three-phase flying capacitor stacked multilevel voltage source inverter”. In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 57.7 (2010), pp. 2231–2239.

[36]  Jih-Sheng Lai and Fang Zheng Peng. “Multilevel converters-a new breed of power converters”. In: IEEE Transactions on industry applications 32.3 (1996), pp. 509–517.

[37]  Muhammad Sadikin, Tomonobu Senjyu, and Atsushi Yona. “High-frequency link DC for power quality improvement of stand-alone PV system in cascaded multilevel inverter”. In: Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on. IEEE. 2013, pp. 597–601.

[38]  Surin Khomfoi and Leon M Tolbert. “Multilevel power converters”. In: Power Electronics Handbook (Third Edition). Elsevier, 2011, pp. 455–486.

[39]  M Charai et al. “Performance Evaluation for Different Levels Multilevel Inverters Application for Renewable Energy Resources”. In: Journal of Engineering Technology (ISSN: 0747-9964) 6.1 (2017), pp. 90–96.

[40]  WA Hill and CD Harbourt. “Performance of medium voltage multi-level inverters”. In: Industry Applications Conference, 1999. Thirty-Fourth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE. Vol. 2. IEEE. 1999, pp. 1186–1192.

[41]  Y. Suresh and Anup Kumar Panda. “Investigation on hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter with reduced dc sources”. In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 26 (2013), pp. 49 –59. ISSN: 1364-0321. DOI: https : / / doi . org / 10 . 1016 / j . rser . 2013 . 04 . 027. URL: http : / / www. sciencedirect . com / science / article / pii / S1364032113002797. [42] E. Najafi and A. H. M. Yatim. “Design and Implementation of a New Multilevel Inverter Topology”. In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59.11 (2012), pp. 4148–4154. ISSN: 0278-0046. DOI: 10.1109/TIE. 2011.2176691.

[42]  E. Najafi and A. H. M. Yatim. “Design and Implementation of a New Multilevel Inverter Topology”. In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59.11 (2012), pp. 4148–4154. ISSN: 0278-0046. DOI: 10.1109/TIE. 2011.2176691.

[43]  Sizhao Lu et al. “Modularized high frequency high power 3-level neutral point clamped PEBB cell for renewable energy system”. In: Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2014 IEEE. IEEE. 2014, pp. 2594–2599

Author

Cite

References

[1]           Madeleine Rubenstein, Emissions from the cement Industry, News from the Earth Institute, May 9, 2012.

[2]           Ernst Worrell,Lynn Price, Nathan Martin, Chris Hendriks, and Leticia Ozawa Meida, Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Global Cement Industry, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, Vol. 26, pp 303-329, 2001.

[3]           Balraj More, Pradeep Jadhav, Vicky Jadhav, Giridhar Narule, Shahid Mulani, CO2 Absorbing Concrete Block, International Journal of technology enhancements and emerging engineering research, Volume 2, pp 2347-4289.

[14]         Mark G. Stewart, David V. Rosowsky, Time-dependent reliability of deteriorating reinforced concrete bridge decks, Structural Safety, Volume 20, pp 91-109, 1998.

[4]           Ranjani V, Siriwardane, Ming-Shing Shen, and Edward P. Fisher, Adsorption of 2 on Zeolites at Moderate Temperatures U.S. Department of Energy, Energy & Fuels, 19 (3), pp 1153-1159, 2005.

[5]           Semsettin Kılıncarslan “The effect of zeolite amount on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete” International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(13), pp. 3041-3046, 4 July, 2017.

[6]           G. M. Parton and M. E. Shendy-EI-Barbaryt, Polystyrene-bead concrete properties and mix design, The International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete, Volume 4, pp 153-161, 1982.

[7]           Eva Vejmelkova, Dana Konˇakova, Tereza Kulovana, Martin Keppert, Jaromir Z umar, Pavla Rovnanikova, Zbyne k Keršner, Martin Sedlmajer, Robert C erny “Engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material: Strength, toughness, durability, and hygrothermal performance” Cement & Concrete Composites Vol. 55, (2015) pp 259–267M.

[8]           Meysam Najimi Meysam Najimi, Jafar Sobhani, Babak Ahmadi, Mohammad Shekarchi “An experimental study on durability properties of concrete containing zeolite as a highly reactive natural pozzolan” Construction and Building Materials Vol.  35, (2012) pp 1023–1033Marcelo Bertalmio, Luminita Vese, Guillermo Sapiro, Stanley Osher, “Simultaneous Structure and Texture Image Inpainting”, IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 12, No. 8, 2003

[9]           Fereshteh Alsadat Sabet, Nicolas Ali Libre, Mohammad Shekarchi “Mechanical and durability properties of self-consolidating high performance concrete incorporating natural zeolite, silica fume and fly ash” Construction and Building Materials Vol. 44 pp 175–184 (2013).

[10]         J.M. Irwan, R.M. Asyraf, N. Othman, H.B. Koh, M.M.K. Annas and Faisal S.K,The Mechanical Properties of PET Fibre Reinforced Concrete from Recycled Bottle Wastes , Advanced Materials Research Vol. 795, pp 347-351, 2013.

[11]         B.D. Ikotun, S. Ekolu “Strength and durability effect of modified zeolite additive on concrete properties” Construction and Building Materials Vol. 24, (2010) pp 749–757

[12]         Md Azree Othuman Mydin “Effective thermal conductivity of foam concrete of different densities” School of Housing, Building and Planning, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.

[13]         Bing Chena, Juanyu Liub “Properties of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with steel fiber” Cement and Concrete Research 34 (2004) 1259–1263.

[15]         Aman Mulla, Amol Shelake “Lightweight Expanded Polystyrene Beads Concrete” International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: 2321-9637) Special Issue National Conference “VishwaCon16”, 19 March 2016.

Author

Cite

References

[1]     Cordoba, L.A., Berrera, G.M., Diaz, C.B., Nunez, F.U., Yanez, A.L., 2013. Effects on mechanical properties of recycled PET in cement-based composites. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2013, 1e6

[2]     Araghi, H.J., Nikbin, I.M., Reskati, S.R., Rahmani, E., Allahyari, H., 2015. An experimental investigation on the erosion resistance of concrete containing various PET particles percentages against sulfuric acid attack. Constr. Build. Mater. 77, 461e471.

[3]     Naik, T.R., Singh, S.S., Huber, C.O., Brodersen, B.S., 1996. Use of post-consumer waste plastic in cement-based composites. Cem. Concr. Res. 26, 1489e1492.

[4]     Kou, S.C., Lee, G., Poon, C.S., Lai, W.L., 2009. Properties of lightweight aggregate concrete prepared with PVC granules derived from scraped PVC pipes. Waste Manag. 29, 621e628.

[5]     Bhogayata, A., Shah, K.D., Arora, N.K., 2013. Strength properties of concrete containing post-consumer metalized plastic wastes. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. ISSN: 2278-0181 2 (3).

[6]     Asokan P, Osmani M, Price ADF. Improvement of the mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced plastic waste powder filled concrete. Constr Build Mater 2010;24:448–60

[7]      Kan A, Demirbog˘a R. A novel material for lightweight concrete production. Cem Concr Compos 2009;31:489–95.

[8]     Hannawi K, Kamali-Bernard S, Prince W. Physical and mechanical properties of mortars containing PET and PC waste aggregates. Waste Manage 2010;30:2312–20

[9]     Bayasi Z, Zeng J. Properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete. ACI Mater J 1993;90:605–10

[10]  Fraj AB, Kismi M, Mounanga P. Valorization of coarse rigid polyurethane foam waste in lightweight aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 2010;24:1069–77

[11]  Mounanga P, Gbongbon W, Poullain P, Turcry P. Proportioning and characterization of lightweight concrete mixtures made with rigid polyurethane foam wastes. Cem Concr Compos 2008;30:806-14

[12]  Van Krevelen, D.W., 1990. Properties of Polymers, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1990.

[13]  Al-Manaseer, A.A., Dalal, T.R., 1997. Concrete containing plastic aggregates. Concrete International 19 (8), 47–52.

[14]  Klein, R. Laser Welding of Plastics, 1st ed.;Wiley-VCH: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2011

Author

Cite

References

1. Suait, M. S., Rahman, M. Y. A., & Ahmad, A. (2015). Review on polymer electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Solar Energy, 115, 452-470.

2. Mussard, M. (2017). Solar energy under cold climatic conditions: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74, 733-745.

3. Kibria, M. T., Ahammed, A., Sony, S. M., Hossain, F., & Islam, S. U. (2014). A Review: Comparative studies on different generation solar cells technology. In Proc. of 5th International Conference on Environmental Aspects of Banglades

4. Bagher, A. M., Vahid, M. M. A., & Mohsen, M. (2015). Types of solar cells and application. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 3(5), 94-113.

5. Kumar, S., Nehra, M., Deep, A., Kedia, D., Dilbaghi, N., & Kim, K. H. (2017). Quantum-sized nanomaterials for solar cell applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 73, 821-839.

6. Gong, J., Sumathy, K., Qiao, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2017). Review on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): Advanced techniques and research trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 234-246.

7. Yun, S., Freitas, J. N., Nogueira, A. F., Wang, Y., Ahmad, S., & Wang, Z. S. (2016). Dye-sensitized solar cells employing polymers. Progress in Polymer Science, 59, 1-40.

8. Bagher, A. M., Vahid, M. M. A., & Mohsen, M. (2015). Types of solar cells and application. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 3(5), 94-113.

9. Al-Alwani, M. A., Mohamad, A. B., Ludin, N. A., Kadhum, A. A. H., & Sopian, K. (2016). Dye-sensitised solar cells: Development, structure, operation principles, electron kinetics, characterisation, synthesis materials and natural photosensitisers. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, 183-213.

10. Lee, C. P., Li, C. T., & Ho, K. C. (2017). Use of organic materials in dye-sensitized solar cells. Materials Today.

11. Ye, M., Wen, X., Wang, M., Iocozzia, J., Zhang, N., Lin, C., & Lin, Z. (2015). Recent advances in dye-sensitized solar cells: from photoanodes, sensitizers and electrolytes to counter electrodes. Materials Today, 18(3), 155-162.

12. Kumara, N. T. R. N., Lim, A., Lim, C. M., Petra, M. I., & Ekanayake, P. (2017). Recent progress and utilization of natural pigments in dye sensitized solar cells: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 301-317.

13. Mehmood, U., Al-Ahmed, A., Al-Sulaiman, F. A., Malik, M. I., Shehzad, F., & Khan, A. U. H. (2017). Effect of temperature on the photovoltaic performance and stability of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 946-959.

14. Lee, C. P., Li, C. T., & Ho, K. C. (2017). Use of organic materials in dye-sensitized solar cells. Materials Today, 20(5), 267-283.

15. Yusof, S. M. M., & Yahya, W. Z. N. (2016). Binary ionic liquid electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells. Procedia engineering, 148, 100-105.

16. Mohamad, A. A. (2016). Absorbency and conductivity of quasi-solid-state polymer electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells: A characterization review. Journal of Power Sources, 329, 57-71.

17. Mittal, G., Dhand, V., Rhee, K. Y., Park, S. J., & Lee, W. R. (2015). A review on carbon nanotubes and graphene as fillers in reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 11-25.

18. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_acetate#cite_note-1. 23 sept. 2018.

19. Fares, S. (2011). Frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity and dielectric constants of polycarbonate (Makrofol-E) film under the effects of [gamma]-radiation. Natural Science, 3(12), 1034.

20. Yeum, J. H., Park, J. H., Choi, J. Y., Kim, J. W., Han, S. K., & Oh, W. Polymer/Montmorillonite/Silver Nanocomposite Micro-and Nanoparticles Prepared by In-Situ Polymerization and Electrospraying Technique.

21. Safenaz, M. R., & Sheikha, M. (2012). Synthesis and electrical properties of polyaniline composite with silver nanoparticles. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 2012.

22. Fares, S. (2011). Frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity and dielectric constants of polycarbonate (Makrofol-E) film under the effects of [gamma]-radiation. Natural Science, 3(12), 1034.

Author

​​​​​​

Cite

References

1. [1]     Trading Economics, "Pakistan Electricity Production," Trading Economics, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://tradingeconomics.com/pakistan/electricity-production.

2. [2]     Ministry of Finance, "Pakistan Economic Survey 2017-2018," Ministry of Finance, Islamabad, 2017-2018.

3. [3]     N. M. Kumar, M. S. P. Subathra and J. E. Moses, "On-Grid Solar Photovoltaic System: Components,Design Considerations, and Case Study," in 4th International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES), 2018.

4. [4]     M. P. Monfort, S. L. Oña, D. Ribó-Pérez and S. Z. Djokic, "Modelling and Evaluating Performance of Large Off-Grid PV Systems for Water Pumping," in 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGTEurope), Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 2018.

5. [5]     K. Alluhaybi, X. Chen and I. Batarseh, "A Grid Connected Photovoltaic

6. Microinverter with Integrated Battery," in IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Washington, DC, USA, 2018.

7. [6]     D. A. Tillman, Coal-Fired Electricity and Emissions Control: Efficiency and Effectiveness, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, 2018.

8. [7]     U. Pelay, L. Luo, Y. Fan, D. Stitou and MarkRood, "Thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 79, pp. 82-100, 2017.

9. [8]     S. Huang and X. Xu, "A regenerative concept for thermoelectric power generation," Applied Energy, vol. 185, pp. 119-125, 1 1 2017.

10. [9]     M. Md. Kafiul Islam, "Performance assessment and degradation analysis of solar photovoltaic technologies: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 78, pp. 554-587, 2017.

11. [10]   M. Ibañez-Puy, J. Bermejo-Busto, C. Martín-Gómez, M. Vidaurre-Arbizu and J. Sacristán-Fernández, "Thermoelectric cooling heating unit performance under real conditions", Applied Energy, vol. 200, pp. 303-314, 2017. Available: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.020

12. [11]   D. Zhao and G. Tan, "A review of thermoelectric cooling: Materials, modeling and applications", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 66, no. 1-2, pp. 15-24, 2014. Available: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.01.074.

13. [12]  H. Zhang, W. Kong, F. Dong, H. Xu, B. Chen and M. Ni, "Application of cascading thermoelectric generator and cooler for waste heat recovery from solid oxide fuel cells", Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 148, pp. 1382-1390, 2017. Available: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.06.089.

14. [13]  "Thermoelectrics", Thermoelectrics.matsci.northwestern.edu,2019. [Online].Available: http://thermoelectrics.matsci.northwestern.edu/thermoelectrics/index.html. [Accessed: 20- Jun- 2019].

15. [14]  D. Li, Y. Xuan, Q. Li and H. Hong, "Exergy and energy analysis of photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid systems", Energy, vol. 126, pp. 343-351, 2017. Available: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.042.

16. [15]  H. Zhang, H. Xu, B. Chen, F. Dong and M. Ni, "Two-stage thermoelectric generators for waste heat recovery from solid oxide fuel cells", Energy, vol. 132, pp. 280-288, 2017. Available: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.005.

17. [16]  K. Cheng, J. Qin, Y. Jiang, S. Zhang and W. Bao, "Performance comparison of single- and multi-stage onboard thermoelectric generators and stage number optimization at a large temperature difference", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 141, pp. 456-466, 2018. Available: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.127.

Author

Cite

References

[1]           Bridgwater, A. and G. Peacocke, Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2000. 4(1): p. 1-73.

[2]           Vamvuka, D., Bio‐oil, solid and gaseous biofuels from biomass pyrolysis processes—an overview. International journal of energy research, 2011. 35(10): p. 835-862.

[3]           Vamvuka, D. and E. Kakaras, Ash properties and environmental impact of various biomass and coal fuels and their blends. Fuel Processing Technology, 2011. 92(3): p. 570-581.

[4]           Robinson, J., et al., Microwave pyrolysis of biomass: control of process parameters for high pyrolysis oil yields and enhanced oil quality. Energy & Fuels, 2015. 29(3): p. 1701-1709.

[5]           Beneroso, D., et al., Microwave pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production: Scalable processing concepts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017. 316: p. 481-498.

[6]           Wu, C., et al., Conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass under different heating rates. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014. 107: p. 276-283.

[7]           Bridgwater, A.V., Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass and bioenergy, 2012. 38: p. 68-94.

[8]           Bridgwater, A.V., Upgrading biomass fast pyrolysis liquids. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2012. 31(2): p. 261-268.

[9]           Abas, F.Z., F.N. Ani, and Z.A. Zakaria, Microwave-assisted production of optimized pyrolysis liquid oil from oil palm fiber. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018. 182: p. 404-413.

[10]         Wang, Y., et al., Production of bio-oil from agricultural waste by using a continuous fast microwave pyrolysis system. Bioresource technology, 2018. 269: p. 162-168.

[11]         Aziz, S.M.A., et al., Bio-oils from microwave pyrolysis of agricultural wastes. Fuel Processing Technology, 2013. 106: p. 744-750.

[12]         Sutcu, H., I. Toroglu, and S. Piskin, Structural characterization of oil component of high temperature pyrolysis tars. Energy sources, 2005. 27(6): p. 521-534.

Author

Cite

References

[1]           Wang, H., et al., Characterization of Bitumen Modified with Pyrolytic Carbon Black from Scrap Tires. Sustainability, 2019. 11(6): p. 1631.

[2]           Alvarez, J., et al., Improving bio-oil properties through the fast co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and waste tyres. Waste Management, 2019. 85: p. 385-395.

[3]           Zhang, X. and R.C. Brown, Introduction to Thermochemical Processing of Biomass into Fuels, Chemicals, and Power. Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2019: p. 1-16.

[4]           Kalogiannis, K.G., S.D. Stefanidis, and A.A. Lappas, Catalyst deactivation, ash accumulation and bio-oil deoxygenation during ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass in a cascade thermal-catalytic reactor system. Fuel Processing Technology, 2019. 186: p. 99-109.

[5]           Haeldermans, T., et al., Microwave assisted and conventional pyrolysis of MDF–characterization of the produced biochars. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2019. 138: p. 218-230.

[6]           Martínez, J.D., et al., Waste tyre pyrolysis–A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013. 23: p. 179-213.

[7]           van Geldern, R., et al., Stable carbon isotope analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural waters–Results from a worldwide proficiency test. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2013. 27(18): p. 2099-2107.

[8]           Venderbosch, R.H., Fast pyrolysis. Thermochemical processing of biomass: conversion into fuels, chemicals and power, 2019: p. 175-206.

[9]           Lin, C.J. and W.L. Hergenrother, Tire compositions comprising epoxidized natural rubber and a functionalized polyolefin. 2005, Google Patents.

[10]         Kumarn, S., et al., Investigating the Mechanistic and Structural Role of Lipid Hydrolysis in the Stabilization of Ammonia-Preserved Hevea Rubber Latex. Langmuir, 2018. 34(43): p. 12730-12738.

[11]         Schürmann, O., Pneumatic Vehicle Tyres. 2018, Google Patents.

[12]         Gauthier-Maradei, P., C.P.T. Ruiz, and M. Capron, Oil and Aromatic Yield Maximization During Pyrolysis of Scrap Tire Rubber. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2019: p. 1-11.

[13]         De Sciarra, F.M. and P. Russo, Experimental Characterization, Predictive Mechanical and Thermal Modeling of Nanostructures and Their Polymer Composites. 2018: William Andrew.

[14]         Dimpe, K.M., A. Mpupa, and P.N. Nomngongo, Microwave assisted solid phase extraction for separation preconcentration sulfamethoxazole in wastewater using tyre based activated carbon as solid phase material prior to spectrophotometric determination. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2018. 188: p. 341-348.

Author

​​​​​​​

Cite

References

1. Tanveer A, Manan N., “Impact of Infrastructure on Economic Growth of Pakistan.” Journal of Economic Research,Edition 1, 2016.

2. B. Srinivasu, P. Srinivasa Rao, “Infrastructure Development and Economic growth: Prospects and Perspective”. Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2013.

3. P. Vries, Encyclopaedia of the Modern World, Vol. 4. Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 158-161.

4. State Bank of Pakistan, "The Pakistan Infrastructure Report", State Bank of Pakistan Infrastructure Task Force, 2018.

5. The News International, "Pakistan ranked 9th in infrastructure development index", 2017.

6. Chaudhry, M.A., Raza, R. and Hayat, S.A., 2009. Renewable energy technologies in Pakistan: prospects and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(6-7), pp.1657-1662.

7. International Energy Agency (IEA), Global Energy & CO2 Status Report (2017).

8. J. Goldemberg et al., “World energy assessment: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability”. New York, NY: United Nations Development Programme, 2000, p. 239.

9. Module 7, Renewable energy technologies, Sustainable energy regulation and policymaking for Africa - TRAINING MANUAL, 2018.

10. S. Canada, “Quality Assurance: Impacts of Soiling on Utility Scale PV System Performance”. SolarPro Magazine no. 6.3, pp. 14-20, 2013.

11. K. Menoufi, “Dust accumulation on the surface of Photovoltaic Panels: Introducing the Photovoltaic Soiling Index (PVSI)”, MDPI Sustainability Journal, 2017.

12. T. Sarver, A. Al-Qaraghuli and L. Kazmerski, "A comprehensive review of the impact of dust on the use of solar energy: History, investigations, results, literature, and mitigation approaches", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 22, pp. 698-733, 2013.

13. European Photovoltaic Industry Association, "Unlocking the Sunbelt Potential of Photovoltaics", 2010.

14. T. Weber, N. Ferreti, F. Schenider, A. Janker, M. Trawney and J. Berghold, "Impact and Consequences of soiling and cleaning of PV modules", NREL Photovoltaic Reliability Workshop (PVMRW), Denver, 2015.

15. Peshawar Development Authority, "LARP Implementation Monthly Progress Report May 2018", Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 2018

Author

Cite

References

1. [1]     L. A. a. H. P. N. A. Antonopoulos, "On dynamics andvoltage control of the modular MLCR," in 13th Eur. Conf. Power Electron. Appl., , Sep. 8–10, 2009,..

2. [2]     J. P. S. C. R. P. J. Z. a. V. G. A. G. Konstantinou, "Control of CCRs in Modular MLCRs Through Redundant Voltage Levels," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 7761-7769, Nov. 2016..

3. [3]     Y. W. a. R. Marquardt, "Novel Control Scheme for the Internal Energies and internal circulating current of Modular multilevel converters," in International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable, PCIM Europe, 2017.

4. [4]     H. L. Z. W. a. T. W. Y. Ma, "Capacitor voltage balancing control of modular MLCRs with energy storage system by using carrier phase-shifted modulation,," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), , Tampa, FL,, 2017.

5. [5]     T. J. S. a. R. E. B. J. D. Stringfellow, "A new arm voltage balancing technique for the control of modular multilevel converter," in 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Yokohama, 2015.

6. [6]     J. P. S. C. J. Z. G. K. a. V. G. A. R. Picas, "Optimal injection of harmonics in CCRs of modular MLCRs for capacitor voltage ripple minimization," in IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder, Melbourne, VIC, 2013.

7. [7]     P. W. Z. C. H. Z. Y. L. a. Y. L. Z. Li, "An Inner Current Suppressing Method for Modular MLCRs," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 4873-4879, 2003.

8. [8]     T. G. a. U. K. M. B. S. Riar, "Model Predictive Direct Current Control of Modular MLCRs: Modeling, Analysis, and Experimental Evaluation," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 431-439, 2015.

9. [9]     A. L. a. R. Marquardt, ""An innovative modular MLCR topology suitable for a wide power range," in IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings, 2003.

10. [10]  Y. C. C. T. J. Y. a. X. Y. B. Chen, "Analysis and Suppression of Circulating Harmonic Currents in a Modular MLCR Considering the Impact of Dead Time," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 3542-3552, 2015.

11. [11]  A. A. D. S. K. I. M. V. a. H. P. N. L. Angquist, "Open-Loop Control of Modular MLCRs Using Estimation of Stored Energy," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 2516-2524, 2011.

12. [12]  B. S. R. a. U. K. Madawala, "Decoupled Control of Modular MLCRs Using Voltage Correcting Modules,," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 690-698, 2015.

13. [13]  M. A. P. D. A. J. R. E. a. J. R. R. Lizana, "Decoupled Current Model and Control of Modular MLCRs," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 5382-5392, 2015.

14. [14]  S. L. a. M. D. P. Münch, "Modeling and current control of modular MLCRs considering actuator and sensor delays," in 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics , Porto, 2009.

15. [15]  Z. K. e. al, "Optimal submodule capacitor sizing for modular MLCRs with common mode voltage injection and CCR control," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Cincinnati,, 2017.

16. [16]  Y. e. a. Zhou, "Analysis and control of modular MLCRs under unbalanced conditions," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery , pp. 1986-1995, 2013.

17. [17] A. L. a. R. Marquardt, "An innovative modular MLCR topology suitable      for a wide power rang," in IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings, 2003.

Author

​​​​​​​

Cite

References

[1]     U.S Energy Information Administration. International Energy Outlook 2009: World Energy and economic Outlook; 2009,

[2]     United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Policies for promoting industrial energy efficiency in developing countries and transitioneconomies; 2008

[3]     Hydro Carbon Development Institute (HDIP), Pakistan Energy Year Book, 2017

[4]     SAARC Road Map For Energy Conservation And Energy Efficiency In Pakistan

[5]     Abdul Raheem et. Al, Renewable energy deployment to combat energy crisis in Pakistan , Energy, Sustainability and Society ,2016

[6]     ENERCON, Pakistan Energy Conservation Potentials, 2014

[7]     Energy conservation and emission reduction through electric motors in industrial sector of pakistan. Sindh University Research Journal - SURJ (Science Series), [S.l.], v. 46, n. 1, mar. 2014. ISSN 1813-1743. Available at: . Date accessed: 15 April 2019.

[8]     USAID Energy Efficeny Initivitaie Prompting energy efficiency in the      reforming electricity market, 2013

[9]     Kim, H.Y.; Kang, H.J. A Study on Development of a Cost Optimal and Energy Saving Building Model: Focused on Industrial Building. Energies 2016, 9, 181.

[10]  Hu, M. Cost-Effective Options for the Renovation of an Existing Education Building toward the Nearly Net-Zero Energy Goal—Life-Cycle Cost Analysis. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2444.

[11]  Hinge, A.; Bertoldi, P.; Waide, P. Comparing commercial building energy use around the world. In Proceedings of the 2004 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, 22–27 August 2004.

[12]  Aljami, A. Energy audit of an educational building in a hot summer climate. Energy Build. 2012, 47, 122–130.

[13]  Desideri, U.; Leonardi, D.; Arcioni, L.; Sdringola, P. European project Educa-RUE: An example of energy efficiency paths in educational buildings. Appl. Energy 2012, 97, 384–395.

[14]  Bourdeau, M.; Guo, X.; Nefzaoui, E. Buildings energy

[15]  consumption generation gap: A post-occupancy assessment in a case study of three higher education buildings. Energy Build. 2018, 159, 600–611.

[16]  Lin, B.; Zhang, Z.; Ge, F. Energy Conservation in China’s Cement Industry. Sustainability 2017, 9, 668.

[17]   Zhu, P., Gilbride, M., Yan, D. et al. Build. Simul. (2017) 10: 799  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-017-0408-6

[18]   Thollander, P.; Danestig, M.; Rohdin, P. Energy policies for increased industrial energy efficiency: Evaluation of a local energy programme for manufacturing SMEs. Energy Policy 2007, 35, 5774–5783.

Author

​​​​​​​

Cite

References

[1]     Keshavamurthy T G, Dr. M.N.Eshwarappa, “Review Paper on Denoising of ECG Signal”, Second International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT), 2017.

[2]     Prof. Alka S. Barhatte, Dr. Rajesh Ghongade, Sachin V. Tekale, “Noise Analysis of ECG Signal Using Fast ICA”, Conference on Advances in Signal Processing (CASP), 2016

[3]     Shudong Tian, Jun Han, Jianwei Yang, Lijun Zhou, Xiaoyang Zeng, “Motion Artifact Removal Based on ICA for Ambulatory ECG Monitoring”, IEEE 11th International Conference on ASIC (ASICON), 2015

[4]     Mayank Kanaujia, Dr. Geetika Srivastava, “ECG Signal Decomposition Using PCA and ICA”, National Conference on Recent Advances in Electronics & Computer Engineering RAECE, 2015

[5]     Bhargav Bhatt, M.Ramasubba Reddy, “ICA Based Flow Artifact Removal from ECG During MRI”, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, 2009

[6]     H.P. Kasturiwale, C.N. Deshmukh, “Quality Assessment of ICA Algorithms for ECG Signal Analysis”, Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology ICETET, 2009

[7]     Uzzal Biswas, Anup Das, Saurov Debnath, Isabela Oishee, ”ECG Signal Denoising by Using Least-Mean-Square and Normalised-Least-Mean-Square Algorithm Based Adaptive Filter”, 3rd International Conference On Informatics, Electronics & Vision, 2014

[8]     Deepak Vala, Tanmay Pawar, V. K. Thakar,  “Motion Artifact removal in Ambulatory ECG Signal using ICA”, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication Volume: 2, 2014

[9]     Mrinal Phegade, P. Mukherji, “ICA Based ECG Signal Denoising”, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), 2013

[10]  Baby Paul, P. Mythili, “ECG Noise Removal using GA Tuned SignData Least Mean Square Algorithm”, IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT), pp. 100 - 103, 2012.

[11]  Mohammed Assam Ouali and Kheireddine Chafaa, “SVD-Based Method for ECG Denoising”, IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications Technology (ICCAT), pp. 1 - 4, 2013.

[12]  Lukas Smital, Martin Vitek, Jiri Kozumplik, and Ivo Provaznik, “Adaptive Wavelet Wiener Filtering of ECG Signals”, IEEE Transactions On Biomedical Engineering, Volume 60, Issue 2, pp. 437 - 445, 2013.

[13]  Ali Marjaninejad, Farshad Almasganj and Ata Jodeiri Sheikhzadeh, “Online Signal to Noise Ratio Improvement of ECG Signal based on EEMD of Synchronized ECG Beats”, IEEE 21th Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME),  pp. 113 – 118,  2014.

[14]  Gholam-Hosseini H, Nazeran H and Reynolds K J, “ECG noise cancellation using digital filters,” Proc 2nd lnt Conf Bioelectromagnetism, p.151-152 (1998).

[15]  Zhang D., “Wavelet approach for ECG baseline wander correction and noise reduction,” IEEE-EMBS 2005. 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, p.1212-1215 (2005).

[16]  Y. Der Lin and Y. Hen Hu, “Power-line interference detection and suppression in ECG signal processing,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol.55, p.354-357 (2008).

[17]  Phegade, Mrinal and P. Mukherji, “ICA based  ECG signal denoising,” Advances in Computing Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), 2013 International Conference on IEEE, p.1675-1680 (2013).

Author

Cite

References

1. A. Teke, "MODELING OF DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER", Master of Science, UNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVA, Adana, September 2005.

2. M.D. STUMP, G.J. KEANE, and F.K.S. LEONG, "The Role of Custom Power Products in Enhancing Power Quality at Industrial Facilities", IEEE Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1998, 2: PP. 507-517.

3. A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, “Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices,” Kluwer Acdemic Publishers, 2002.

4. R. Buxton, "Protection from voltage dips with the