Ziaullah
, Dr.Adnan Daud, Noor us Sabah, Umar Zargham
FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) based perovskite solar cell using SnO2 as ETL which is a low temperature material has gained significant interest because of its wide band gap, high electron mobility, high chemical stability and good antireflective properties. However, other metallic oxide materials like TiO2 have low charge mobility, high charge recombination rate, miss match of band gap to the perovskite layer, low compatibility with perovskite layer and cause more degradation when exposed to light. Due to their outstanding optical, electrical, mechanical qualities, low temperature synthesis and good compatibility with the PSC layer SnO2 material have been widely employed in PSCs to address these difficulties. Due to its many advantageous characteristics, SnO2 is one of the most potential materials for high-performance PSC modules with high efficiency in the future. This study will demonstrate how we form SnO2 solution and how we utilize SnO2 to work as a ETL efficiently for that we Examined how the addition of binder affect the optical, morphological, and structural characteristics of SnO2 in PSC based on FTO. We use Terpineol as a binder using ethanol as a solvent with some additives like HCL to increase stability. The measurements taken 2.7g of Sncl2.2H2O, 10ml HCL and 10ml of ethanol. Stirred the mixture using magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 1hr with 1000 rpm on Hot plate. Utilizing the spin coating process, deposit the solution for 35 seconds at 2500 RPM. The morphology, crystallinity and transmittance of all the samples were characterized using atomic force microscope AFM, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and UV-VIS.
Ziaullah Dr.Adnan Daud Noor us Sabah Umar Zargham “Effect of Binder on The Performance of SnO2 Based ETL Perovskite Solar Cell ” Vol. 12 Issue 09 PP. 186-190 September 2025. https:// doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.17200834.
[1] J. Peng, L. Lu, and H. Yang, "Review on life cycle assessment of energy payback and greenhouse gas emission of solar photovoltaic systems," Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 19, pp. 255-274, 2013.
[2] R. Pulselli, E. Simoncini, F. Pulselli, and S. Bastianoni, "Emergy analysis of building manufacturing, maintenance and use: Em-building indices to evaluate housing sustainability," Energy and buildings, vol. 39, pp. 620-628, 2007.
[3] V. Tyagi, N. A. Rahim, N. Rahim, A. Jeyraj, and L. Selvaraj, "Progress in solar PV technology: Research and achievement," Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 20, pp. 443-461, 2013.
[4] Y. Chu and P. Meisen, "Review and comparison of different solar energy technologies," Global Energy Network Institute (GENI), San Diego, CA, vol. 1, pp. 1-52, 2011.
[5] M. M. Tavakoli, P. Yadav, R. Tavakoli, and J. Kong, "Surface engineering of TiO2 ETL for highly efficient and hysteresis‐less planar perovskite solar cell (21.4%) with enhanced open‐circuit voltage and stability," Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 8, p. 1800794, 2018.
[6] D. Prochowicz, M. M. Tavakoli, M. Wolska-Pietkiewicz, M. Jędrzejewska, S. Trivedi, M. Kumar, et al., "Suppressing recombination in perovskite solar cells via surface engineering of TiO2 ETL," Solar Energy, vol. 197, pp. 50-57, 2020.
[7] Y. Wang, J. Wan, J. Ding, J. S. Hu, and D. Wang, "A rutile TiO2 electron transport layer for the enhancement of charge collection for efficient perovskite solar cells," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 58, pp. 9414-9418, 2019.
[8] Z. Arshad, S. Shakir, A. H. Khoja, A. H. Javed, M. Anwar, A. Rehman, et al., "Performance analysis of calcium-doped titania (TiO2) as an effective electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells," Energies, vol. 15, p. 1408, 2022.
[9] J. Song, E. Zheng, J. Bian, X.-F. Wang, W. Tian, Y. Sanehira, et al., "Low-temperature SnO 2-based electron selective contact for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 3, pp. 10837-10844, 2015.
[10] J. Barbé, M. L. Tietze, M. Neophytou, B. Murali, E. Alarousu, A. E. Labban, et al., "Amorphous tin oxide as a low-temperature-processed electron-transport layer for organic and hybrid perovskite solar cells," ACS applied materials & interfaces, vol. 9, pp. 11828-11836, 2017
