The integration of chemiluminescence and microfluidics has led to significant advances in pathogen detection and represents an excellent platform to build fast, sensitive and miniaturized diagnostic tools. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in chemiluminescent microfluidic biosensors, describing device integration, signal amplification approaches, and automation for assay performance. With developments including CRISPR-Cas detection, enzyme catalysis, and amplification approaches for isothermal amplification and AI-integrated fluid control, the enhancements offered through next-generation detection systems support improvements in detection sensitivity and throughput. Recent products for pathogens, including E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and respiratory viruses, are also discussed with a focus on lab-on-a-disc and smartphone-based diagnostics. Detected limits and/or reproducibility are analyzed, where relevant, to understand performance and considerations for subsequent implementation at scale and real-world applications. Finally, it considers future perspectives in the field with a discussion on standardization of assays, device fabrication costs and regulation, routine (point-of-care) use of chemiluminescent microfluidic systems, and write-up optimization of modules or diagnostic approaches. Considering the above, chemiluminescent microfluidic systems are positioned and act as game-changers or valuable tools for global health surveillance, food safety, and the practice of personalized medicine, providing transformative diagnostics in centralized laboratory settings and low-resource settings.
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