International Journal of Engineering Works

Linking the Researchers, Developing the Innovations

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Detetion and Prevention of Irrelevent Data Through Data Cleansing

Published online https://doi.org/

Abstract

A file oriented unstructured data collected and transformed into the data warehouse .Two or more records identified separately actually represent same real world entity, detection and prevention to improve data quality. The proposed technique introduces smart tokens of most representative attributes by sorting those tokens identical records are bring into close neighborhood, record duplicates are identified and removed from the data. Clean consistent and non duplicated data loaded into warehouse. The technique is a mile stone for cleaning data as with the explosive amount of data recording it is the need of time that more corrected data to be provided to the data mangers for effective decisions making.

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Current Issue - 2024

Polymer Composite Materials for Electromagnetic Waves Absorption

Vol. 11, Issue 04, PP. 61-104, April 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.110461104

ePub PDF

Abstract

Electromagnetic wave absorption materials play a vital role in the medical materials field. On the other hand, due to the various adverse effects on humans and other species by military applications and environmental factors, electromagnetic pollution management and interference of electromagnetic have received much attention recently. Specifically, EM-wave absorbers (EMWAs) could minimize the Radar Signature of Structures (RCS), hence decreasing the likelihood of radar detection. The interaction of electromagnetic (EM) waves of various sources can cause machine malfunction owing to data misinterpretation or accidental deletion. Because of the thickness and weight constraints, structural materials that are both light and strong, improved possibilities for electromagnetic absorption are required. In this work, the progression, characterization, and process technology of polymer composite materials used in EMI shielding or EM wave absorption applications were sought. Characterization of EM wave absorption potential was conducted using all the methods and theories. Single and multilayered combinations of surface-modified polymers, EM wave interaction features, and design ideas for efficient broadband EM wave absorption were studied. Polymer composite materials have been reviewed for the past 10 years in overseas and domestic(China) articles. To anticipate EM wave transmission, reflection, and therefore absorption, a computer-aided method has also been presented. Estimated results were verified and compared by reviewing process methods and material performance analysis.

Author

W. H. Nishani De Soyza, Alfadil Yousif, Junliang Liu

Cite

W. H. Nishani De Soyza, Alfadil Yousif, Junliang Liu “Polymer Composite Materials for Electromagnetic Waves Absorption” International , Vol. 11, Issue 04, PP. 61-104, April 2024. https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.110461104.

References

The Impact of Systematic & Non-Systematic Risk on Stock Returns (Oil & Gas Sector) in Pakistan

Vol. 11, Issue 04, PP. 56-60, April 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11045660

ePub PDF

Abstract

The research purpose is to examine the impact of Systematic and non-Systematic risk on stock returns (Oil & Gas Sector) in Pakistan. The research design is based on quantitative and longitudinal research in which Secondary data is used to determine the cause and effect of the Systematic and non-Systematic risk on stock returns (Oil & Gas Sector). There were interest rate risk, inflation risk, liquidity risk and credit risk that considered panel least square methodology to examine top 10 companies (listed in KSE-100 Index) data ranging from 2013-2019 in which only privately owned companies were taken which had the same size of business in nature. With respect to the category of the privately owned scheduled commercial oil and gas industries operating in Pakistan. The findings explained that deposits do not have any significant impact upon Stock Return whereas rest of variables interest rate risk, inflation risk, liquidity risk and credit risk were found significant. Top two systematical private commercial companies in Pakistan (KSE-100 Index) are consider in this study, future research can be carried out on large sample size. Although, to avoid uncertainty OGDCL needs to provide deposit stock return on the bases of risk either systematic or non-systematic. Profitability is significant to stock in this study, so policy makers and senior managers need to have systematic risk management strategies in the operations of the company limited. Company Size has been found significant to stock return in this study, so policy makers and C.E.O need to maintain higher stock return by ensuring and creating customer relationships with depositors and investors to attract more returns in terms of profits.

Author

Rehman Ullah, Rehman Akhtar

Cite

Rehman Ullah, Rehman Akhtar “The Impact of Systematic & Non-Systematic Risk on Stock Returns (Oil & Gas Sector), Vol. 11, Issue 04, PP. 56-60, April 2024. https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11045660.,

References

Moradzadehfard, M., Lotfi, M., & Fathi, M. R. (2011). The effect of conservative accounting on reducing the stock price crash risk (Case study: Companies listed in Tehran stock exchange). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(6), 743–748.
Yahyazadehfar, M., & Babaie, A. (2012). Macroeconomic variables and stock price: New evidence from Iran. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 11(4), 408–415.
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2004). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330042162430
Ozbay, E. (2009). The relationship between stock returns and macroeconomic factors: Evidence for Turkey. Disertasi, University of Exeter.
Sudarsono, R., Husnan, S., Tandelilin, E., & Ekawati, E. (2012). Time Varying Beta (Dual Beta): Conditional Market Timing CAPM. Manajemen & Bisnis, 11(2), 269.
Lee, S.-C., Lin, C.-T., & Tsai, M.-S. (2015). The pricing of deposit insurance in the presence of systematic risk. Journal of Banking & Finance, 51, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.10.012
Zsidisin, G. A., Hartley, J. L., & Collins, W. A. (2013). Integrating student projects with real‐world problems: The case of managing commodity price risk. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(4), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-05-2012-0179
Kyereboah‐Coleman, A., & Agyire‐Tettey, K. F. (2008). Impact of macroeconomic indicators on stock market performance: The case of the Ghana Stock Exchange. The Journal of Risk Finance, 9(4), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265940810895025
Hunjra, A. I., Chani, D., Irfan, M., Shahzad Ijaz, M., & Farooq, M. (2014). The impact of macroeconomic variables on stock prices in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2(1), 13–21.
Ali, H. (2014). Impact of Interest Rate on Stock Market; Evidence from Pakistani Market. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(1), 64–69.
Lakonishok, J., & Shapiro, A. C. (1986). Systematic risk, total risk and size as determinants of stock market returns. Journal of Banking & Finance, 10(1), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(86)90023-3
Chan, L. K. C., Hamao, Y., & Lakonishok, J. (1991). Fundamentals and Stock Returns in Japan. The Journal of Finance, 46(5), 1739–1764. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04642.x
Levine, R., & Zervos, S. (1998). Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth. The American Economic Review, 88(3), 537–558.

Orthogonally Placed 2-Port MIMO Antenna System for 5G mm-wave Application

Vol. 11, Issue 03, PP. 50-55, March 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11035055

ePub PDF

Abstract

This paper presents a compact MIMO antenna of 2-port having placed orthogonally for upcoming 5th generation mm-wave application. The single unit cell of the proposed MIMO antenna system consists of an elliptical patch as a radiator with a dimension of 2.1 x 1.1 mm2 (a x b ) using a microstrip feed line of 50-ohm for impedance matching. Roggers RT5880 is used as a substrate material with a standard thickness of 0.254 mm and a total dimension of 9 x 8 mm2 (Lx W). It is observed from the simulation that a single antenna element operating from 29.6—44.2 GHz, wide impedance bandwidth of 14.6 GHz, and -25.8 dB return loss at a central frequency of 38.7 GHz. Furthermore, a 2-port MIMO antenna system is utilized for increased channel capacity and high diversity polarization. For MIMO transformation, the same single unit cells are arranged orthogonally for mitigating mutual coupling. The total geometry of the proposed design is 8 x 15 mm 2 having a compact size and offering a wide impedance bandwidth of 16 GHz, low isolation coefficient of -17 dB, high gain, efficiency, low ECC, and high diversity gain. However, all the simulated outcomes for the proposed design are valid and consider good candidate.The overall geometry of the proposed MIMO.

Author

Muhammad Yasir Malik, Owais Khan, Jawad Rahim, Sajjad Rahim

Cite

Muhammad Yasir Malik, Owais Khan, Jawad Rahim, Sajjad Rahim “Orthogonally Placed 2-Port MIMO Antenna System for 5G mm-wave Application” International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 11, Issue 03, PP. 50-55, March 2024. https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11035055.

References

Critical Success Factors for Implementation of (ISO 50001)

Vol. 11, Issue 02, PP. 46-49, February 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11024649

ePub PDF

Abstract

Energy is the main problem in the world. The rapid growth in industrial sector contributes in producing harmful gases. According to Ministry Planning and Development (IEP report) the consumption of Electricity of Industrial sector has increased from 26% to 28% from (FY 2022 to FY 2023). The need of energy is increasing with Economic Growth and increase in Population. By considering this problem, Industries have to develop the standard like Energy Management Systems (ISO 50001). The Research is conducted on the Different Production Industries in KPK, Pakistan. Energy Management Systems can improve the services quality of industry and savings on Electricity bills. In this study, the Critical Success Factors of Energy Management systems will be analyzed to help Industries to implement the more sustainable Energy Management Systems. In Critical Success factors the indicators identifies the success of the Industries perfomances.4 main factors and 12 sub factors are adopted for the (Regression) analysis for their impact on Implementation of EMS.

Author

Syed Raza Shah, Rehman Akhtar

Cite

Engr. Syed Raza Shah, Dr. Rehman Akhtar “Critical Success Factors for Implementation of (ISO 50001)” International Journal of Engineering Works, Vol. 11, Issue 02, PP. 46-49, February 2024. https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11024649.

References

A Noval High Gain Compact Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication

Vol. 11, Issue 02, PP. 38-45, February 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11023845

ePub PDF

Abstract

In this paper, a novel micro strip patch antenna, which contains the integration of triangular and inverted T-shaped slots on the radiating patch, for attaining high gain properties bandwidth while maintaining a well-matched impedance, is proposed. The novel approach involves precisely designed two symmetric triangular slots on both sides of the patch, each covering an area of, four distinct extrusions along the patch edges, with an area of for each extension, and two inverted T-shaped slots, measuring in length and in width, are precisely positioned at a separation distance. It is revealed from the simulations that the proposed design of slotted antenna has an impressive 1.93GHz impedance bandwidth at center frequency of 28GHz with a return loss of -47.55dB. The antenna achieved a higher gain of 8.1dB. The radiation pattern exhibits a peak at 0 degrees, low side lobe levels at -14dB, and minimal back lobe radiation, with a half-power beam width spanning 75.5 degrees, contributing to its versatility. The antenna boasts an exceptional radiation efficiency of 90%, reflecting a well-matched impedance and impressive performance characteristics. This innovative micro strip patch antenna design represents a significant advancement in the field, offering enhanced gain, bandwidth, and overall performance for 5G wireless communication systems.

Author

Muhammad Yasir Khan, Muhammad Irfan Khattak, Waqar Hussain

Cite

Muhammad Yasir Khan, Muhammad Irfan Khattak, Waqar Hussain “A Noval High Gain Compact Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication” International J, Vol. 11, Issue 02, PP. 38-45, February 2024. https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11023845.,

References

Value Stream Mapping Based Process Improvement Model for Waste Reduction of Specialized Metallic Parts

Vol. 11, Issue 02, PP. 21-37, February 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11022137

ePub PDF

Abstract

Special Metallic Blank production is considered a critical process in manufacturing firearms and optimizing this process for efficiency and waste reduction is deemed crucial. Applying the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) technique to identify and eliminate waste and non-value-added activities in Special Metallic Blanks production is the subject of investigation in this Research Work. This thesis explores improving the indigenous development process for special metallic blanks, which are crucial components in various industries. It focuses on using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to identify and eliminate waste while reducing non-value-added activities in production. The research emphasizes the importance of making this specialized manufacturing process more sustainable, cost-effective, and competitive globally. The methodology involves analyzing the current state of the process, using VSM symbols and metrics to highlight inefficiencies and opportunities for improvement. The study identifies non-value-added activities like overproduction and defects and creates a plan to reduce waste and increase efficiency. It also outlines a strategy for implementing these improvements and monitoring their long-term impact using key performance indicators and continuous improvement practices. The research aims to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of industries. producing special metallic blanks by embracing VSM as a powerful tool for process improvement.

Author

Muhammad Raees

Cite

Muhammad Raees “Value Stream Mapping Based Process Improvement Model , Vol. 11, Issue 02, PP. 21-37, February 2024. https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11022137., ,

References

Smart Irrigation System Using Data Analysis

Vol. 11, Issue 01, PP. 07-20, January 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11010720

ePub PDF

Abstract

Random One of the significant issues the World is confronting nowadays is Water scarcity. Water scarcity includes issues of water pressure, water shortage, and other water crises. According to statistics, it has affected about 2.8 billion people worldwide and 1.2 billion people don’t have access to clean drinking water. The water available for people is decreasing day by day and in today world, our earth covers only 2.5% of fresh water and the remaining water is distributed in the shape of glaciers, oceans saline seawater. Out of total water utilization, around 95% of Pakistan water is utilized in the agriculture sector, with 60% of its total population directly associated with the agriculture and livestock sector and 89i90% of its exports are dependent on these sectors. Over 60%of irrigation water is wasted because of using the traditional irrigation system. One of the solutions to overcome the problem of shortage of water is to utilize the water available efficiently and for this purpose, we have designed a Smart Irrigation System. The objective of the project is to irrigate the crops in an effective way to save water. The system is portable and compliant with the current water system. All the sensors Soil Moisture sensor, Humidity and Temperature sensor, and Smoke sensor send the measured values to the Microcontroller. Bluetooth modules are used through which two slave Microcontrollers send the values of Moisture sensors to the master Microcontroller. The master Microcontroller calculates the average of all the moisture sensors and based on the average moisture percentage and temperature and humidity, the pump will be turned on/off. Thus, crops will be receiving the required amount of water only and the field will be saved from under and over irrigation. A user-friendly webpage is developed to help users monitor and control the system. The user can select either manual control for timely irrigation or automatic control using wireless sensors.

Author

Engr. Muhammad Raees, Engr. Malik Muhammad Suleman Haider, Engr. Sundas, Engr. Syed Ijlal Haider, Engr. Syeda Lubaba Zehra, Engr. Muhammad Sajawal

Cite

Engr. Muhammad Raees, Engr. Malik Muhammad Suleman Haider, Engr. Sundas, Engr. Syed Ijlal Haider, Engr. Syeda Lubaba Zehra, Engr. Muhammad Sajawal “Smart Irrigation System Using Data Analysis” International Journ, Vol. 11, Issue 01, PP. 07-20, January 2024. https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11010720., , , , , , , ,

References

[1] A. S. D. A. C. B. J. W. D. D. Winston Yu, Yi-Chen Yang, and S. Robinson, “the Indus basin of Pakistan,” The Impacts of Climate Risks on Water and Agriculture, 2013.

[2] M. Elferink and F. Schierhorn, “Global demand for food is rising. can we meet it?” Harvard Business Review, 2016.

[3] “https://www.un.org/en/sections/iss use-depth/water/,” ScienceDaily, 2015.

[4] “https://www.usbr.gov/mp/arwec/w ater-facts-ww-water-sup.html,” Bureau of Reclamation California-Great Basin, 2019.

[5] B. Kundil“https://reliefweb.int/repo rt/Pakistan/Pakistan-s-water-crisis-why- national-water-policy-needed,” The Asia Foundation, 2017.

[6] N. Khanna and P. Solanki, “Role of agriculture in the global economy,” International Conference on Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences, 2014.

[7] G. Rajakumar, M. S. Sankari, D. Shamuyarira, and S. U. Maheswari, “Iot-based smart agricultural monitoring system,” Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 474–480, 2018.

[8] T. H. E. E. R. A. S. R. I. S. A. W. A. T. Narongsak Lekbangpong, Jira Pond Muangprathub, And A. P. I. R. A. T. Wanichsombat, “Precise automation and analysis of environmental factor effects on the growth of St. John’s wort,” IEEE Sensors Journal, 2019.

[9] A. Na and W. Isaac, “Developing a human-centric agricultural model in the IoT environment,” in 2016 International Conference on Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA), pp. 292–297, IEEE, 2016.

[10] P. Bhadani and V. Vashisht, “Soil moisture, temperature, and humidity measurement using Arduino,” in 2019 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), pp. 567–571, IEEE, 2019.

[11] J. N. K. T. Boobalan. J, Jacintha. V and S. Tamilarasu, “An IoT-based agriculture monitoring system,” International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, 2018.

[12] E.J. Penas and D. T. Lindgren, “A gardener’s guide for soil and nutrient management in growing vegetables,” U.S Department of Agriculture, 1990.

[13] H. G. SFGATE, “How much water does a tomato plant need/day? re- port 2018,” https://homeguides.sfgate.com/much- water-tomato-plant-need-day- 55659.html.

Efficient Computation of Correlated Random Ordinates of Multivariate Weibull Distribution

Vol. 11, Issue 01, PP. 01-06, January 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11010106

ePub PDF

Abstract

Random numbers are frequently used in engineering, data sciences, cryptography, crypto-currency wallets, gaming, gambling and various other fields. The desired characteristics of random numbers are uniformity of coverage and independence. Pseudo random number generators are used for this purpose, which are rated on the basis of long period between repeats and efficiency of algorithm. In many studies, sequences or arrays of random numbers from distributions of interest are required with the condition that these arrays have a given correlation structure. This includes but is not limited to the study of failure times of engines, landing gears or wings fitted on an airplane. Other areas of applications include Artificial Intelligence, Cryptographic Encryption, Economics, Health Sciences, Agriculture and the like. This study focused on efficient generation of bivariate and multivariate ordinates from Weibull distributions. Analytical as well as empirical approaches were employed and the generated random ordinates were checked for their fitness for use through chi-square goodness of fit test and comparison of the estimated parameter with the given values.

Author

Zeeshan Ahmad, Dr. Rehman Akhtar, Prof. Dr. Salim Ur Rehman

Cite

Zeeshan Ahmad, Dr. Rehman Akhtar, Prof. Dr. Salim Ur Rehman “Efficient Computation of Correlated Random Ordinates of Multivariate, Vol. 11, Issue 01, PP. 01-06, January 2024. https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.23.101193106., , ,

References

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Polymer Composite Materials for Electromagnetic Waves Absorption

Vol. 11, Issue 04, PP. 61-104, April 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.110461104

ePub PDF

Abstract

Author

W. H. Nishani De Soyza, Alfadil Yousif, Junliang Liu

Cite

References

The Impact of Systematic & Non-Systematic Risk on Stock Returns (Oil & Gas Sector) in Pakistan

Vol. 11, Issue 04, PP. 56-60, April 2024

Published online https://doi.org/10.34259/ijew.24.11045660

ePub PDF

Abstract

Author

Rehman Ullah, Rehman Akhtar

Cite

References

Moradzadehfard, M., Lotfi, M., & Fathi, M. R. (2011). The effect of conservative accounting on reducing the stock price crash risk (Case study: Companies listed in Tehran stock exchange). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(6), 743–748.
Yahyazadehfar, M., & Babaie, A. (2012). Macroeconomic variables and stock price: New evidence from Iran. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 11(4), 408–415.
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2004). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330042162430
Ozbay, E. (2009). The relationship between stock returns and macroeconomic factors: Evidence for Turkey. Disertasi, University of Exeter.
Sudarsono, R., Husnan, S., Tandelilin, E., & Ekawati, E. (2012). Time Varying Beta (Dual Beta): Conditional Market Timing CAPM. Manajemen & Bisnis, 11(2), 269.
Lee, S.-C., Lin, C.-T., & Tsai, M.-S. (2015). The pricing of deposit insurance in the presence of systematic risk. Journal of Banking & Finance, 51, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.10.012
Zsidisin, G. A., Hartley, J. L., & Collins, W. A. (2013). Integrating student projects with real‐world problems: The case of managing commodity price risk. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(4), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-05-2012-0179
Kyereboah‐Coleman, A., & Agyire‐Tettey, K. F. (2008). Impact of macroeconomic indicators on stock market performance: The case of the Ghana Stock Exchange. The Journal of Risk Finance, 9(4), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265940810895025
Hunjra, A. I., Chani, D., Irfan, M., Shahzad Ijaz, M., & Farooq, M. (2014). The impact of macroeconomic variables on stock prices in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2(1), 13–21.
Ali, H. (2014). Impact of Interest Rate on Stock Market; Evidence from Pakistani Market. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(1), 64–69.
Lakonishok, J., & Shapiro, A. C. (1986). Systematic risk, total risk and size as determinants of stock market returns. Journal of Banking & Finance, 10(1), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(86)90023-3
Chan, L. K. C., Hamao, Y., & Lakonishok, J. (1991). Fundamentals and Stock Returns in Japan. The Journal of Finance, 46(5), 1739–1764. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04642.x
Levine, R., & Zervos, S. (1998). Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth. The American Economic Review, 88(3), 537–558.